OLA BINI



                       http://olabini.com



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The Tao gave birth to machine
                     language

         Machine language gave birth to
                the assembler

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The assembler gave birth to the
                compiler

              Now there are ten thousand
                      languages

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Each language has its purpose,
                  however humble

       Each language expresses the Yin
             and Yang of software

   Each language has its place within
               the Tao
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But do not program in COBOL if
             you can avoid it



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Greenspun's Tenth Rule of
                            Programming



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General purpose languages

                       Special purpose languages

                       Domain specific languages

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Where are we now?




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Java




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“Scripting” languages




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“Scripting” languages
                       Pragmatic languages


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Where did we come from?




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Ruby lineage




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a, b, c = 42, 69, 25




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def foo
                         yield 42
                         3.times do |n|
                           yield n*25
                         end
                       end

                       foo { |x| puts x }




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CLU




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/^(d{3})-(d{4})$/ =~ phone_number




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$x = 42
                       @me = other
                       @@foo += 2




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Global swearing

                          $/ = “%”
                          $= = true
                          puts $!




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puts “hello” unless moon == :full




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Perl




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class MyNumber < Number; end




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foo.send :answer?, 42




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puts obj.methods.grep /=$/




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Smalltalk




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class Foo
                         include ExampleMethods
                       end

                       baz.extend ExampleMethods




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Lisp Machine Lisp




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def incrementor(x)
                         lambda do
                           next, x = x, x+1
                           next
                         end
                       end

                       i = incrementor(10)
                       i.call # => 10
                       i.call # => 11
                       i.call # => 12



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Scheme




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Ruby




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Good design is not innovation

   Good design is choosing what to
   include - and what to not include


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Imperative programming




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Functional programming




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Logic programming




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Object oriented programming




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Domain specific languages




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Multiparadigm languages




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Ceremony vs Essence




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Typing




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Natural languages?




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Design




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Communication




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Abstraction




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Expressiveness




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First class




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Focused or multiparadigm?




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Where are we going?




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Is concurrency really a large
                         problem?



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More programming languages -
                  not fewer



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Language leverage




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Higher level




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Slowness and wastefulness




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Virtual machines




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Text based languages?




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AST languages?




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Language workbenches




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NBL?




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Other paradigms?




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It’s going to be interesting




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Where is Ruby going?




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Ruby 2.0




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I don’t know




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Easier to modify the language




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Canonical AST




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Simplify the core?




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Scoped extensions




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DSLs




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Concurrency?




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Typing?




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RubyX




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The future




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Present and Future of Programming Languages - ola bini