Uploaded byKanmaniRajamanickam
PDF, PPTX70 views

Professional Ethics - Engineering ethics

The document outlines the curriculum for a professional practice and ethics unit in engineering, focusing on engineering ethics, moral reasoning, and various types of inquiries. Key concepts include moral dilemmas, Kohlberg's and Gilligan's theories on moral development, and the impact of ethics on engineering practices. Additional topics cover the challenges engineers face in moral decision-making and the distinction between an occupation and a profession.

Embed presentation

Download as PDF, PPTX
20HMG05 – Professional Practice and Ethics UNIT – II ENGINEERING ETHICS Semester V - ECE
Syllabus Focus  Engineering Ethics  Senses of Engineering Ethics  Variety of moral issues  Types of inquiry  Moral dilemmas  Moral Autonomy  Kohlberg’s theory  Gilligan’s theory  Consensus and Controversy  Models of professional roles  Theories about right action  Self-interest – Customs and Religion  Uses of Ethical Theories. 24/08/2022 2 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
SENSES OF ETHICS  Ethics is an activity of  Understanding the moral values  Resolve the moral issues  Justify the moral judgment  Ethics refers to a set of beliefs, attitudes, and habits that a person or group displays Concerning morality.  Ethics is a purely factual matter about explaining beliefs and actions related to morality.  Ethics refers to being “morally correct”  People’s action can be spoken as “ethical” or “unethical”  Individuals can be evaluated as “ethical” or “unethical” 24/08/2022 3 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
WHAT IS ENGINEERING ETHICS Engineering Ethics is an activity of  Understanding the moral values that ought to guide the engineering profession  Resolve the moral issues in the profession  Justify the moral judgment concerning the profession. 24/08/2022 4 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
MORALITY Morality is concerned with principles and practices of morals such as:  What ought or ought not to be done in a given situation?  What is right or wrong about the handling of a situation?  What is good or bad about the people, policies, and ideals involved? 24/08/2022 5 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
MORAL REASONING  “Engineering design is a good one”  Meets Specifications  Technical Value  Specifications has moral content  Moral Reasons  Designed in such a way that a safe, reliable and environmental friendly product can be produced  Moral Reasons  Require us to respect other people as well as ourselves  to care for their good as well as their own Respecting persons by being fair and just with them  respecting their rights, keeping promises  avoiding unnecessary offense and pain to them, avoiding cheating and dishonesty 24/08/2022 6 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
VARIETY OF MORAL ISSUES  Two Approaches to engineering ethics:  Typical, everyday problems that can take on significant proportions in an engineer’s life  Societal Problems that are often shunted aside and are not addressed until they unexpectedly resurface.  Codes of ethics:  Early codes:  Codes of personal behavious  Codes of honesty in businesss dealings and fair business practices  Newer Codes:  Responsibility to public interest  Personal Ethics in Work place 24/08/2022 7 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
HOW DO MORAL PROBLEMS ARISE IN ENGINEERING  Examples  construction of an equipment  Applying for a permit to operate a nuclear power plant  Chemical plant dumping wastes in a landfill  Advertisements from an electronic company for a product which is not ready for sale  Engineer might be faced with contrary opinions  Within the firm  From the client  From other firms within the industry 24/08/2022 8 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
CHALLENGES ON HANDLING MORAL ISSUES  To what extent can a supervisor be an authoritative guide to engineer’s conduct ?  What does one do when there are differences of judgement ?  Should one always follow the law to the letter?  Is an engineer to do no more than what the specifications say, even if there are problems more serious than those initially anticipated?  How far does an engineer’s responsibility extend into the realm of influencing the social impact of the projects he or she participates in? 24/08/2022 9 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
TYPES OF INQUIRIES  The three types of inquiries, in solving ethical problems are:  Normative inquiry  Conceptual inquiry  Factual or descriptive inquiry 24/08/2022 10 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
NORMATIVE INQUIRY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 11  It seeks to identify and justify the morally-desirable norms or standards that should guide individuals and groups.  It also has the theoretical goal of justifying particular moral judgments.
NORMATIVE INQUIRY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 12 Example:  How far does the obligation of engineers to protect public safety extend in any given situation?  When, if ever, should engineers be expected to blow whistle on dangerous practices of their employers?  Whose values ought to be primary in making judgment about acceptable risks in design for a public transport system or a nuclear plant?  Is it of management, senior engineers, government, voters or all of them?  When and why is the government justified in interfering with the organizations?  What are the reasons on which the engineers show their obligations to their employees or clients or the public?
CONCEPTUAL INQUIRY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 13  It is directed to clarify the meaning of concepts or ideas or principles that are expressed by words or by questions and statements.  Examples:  What is meant by safety?  How is it related to risk?  What is a bribe?  What is a profession?  When moral concepts are discussed, normative and conceptual issues are closely interconnected.
FACTUAL OR DESCRIPTIVE INQUIRY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 14  It is aimed to obtain facts needed for understanding and resolving value issues.  Researchers conduct factual inquiries using mathematical or statistical techniques.  The inquiry provide important information on business realities, engineering practice, and the effectiveness of professional societies in fostering moral conduct, the procedures used in risk assessment, and psychological profiles of engineers.
Factual or Descriptive Inquiry 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 15  The facts provide not only the reasons for moral problems but also enable us to develop alterative ways of resolving moral problems.  Example  How were the benefits assessed?  What are procedures followed in risk assessment?  What are short-term and long-term effects of drinking water being polluted?  Who conducted the tests on materials?
MORAL DILEMMA 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 16  Dilemmas are situations in which  Moral reasons come into conflict  The application of moral values are problems, and one is not clear of the immediate choice or solution of the problems.  Moral reasons could be rights, duties, goods or obligations.  These situations do not mean that things had gone wrong, but they only indicate the presence of moral complexity. This makes the decision making complex.
SITUATIONS LEADING TO MORAL DILEMMA 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 17 The three complex situations leading to moral dilemmas are:  The problem of vagueness  One is unable to distinguish between good and bad (right or wrong) principle.  Good means an action that is obligatory.  For example, code of ethic specifies that one should obey the laws and follow standards.  Refuse bribe or accept the gift, and maintain confidentiality
Situations leading to Moral Dilemma 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 18  The problem of conflicting reasons  One is unable to choose between two good moral solutions. One has to fix priority, through knowledge or value system.  The problem of disagreement  There may be two or more solutions and none of them mandatory.  These solutions may be better or worse in some respects but not in all aspects.  One has to interpret, apply different morally reasons, and analyze and rank the decisions.  Select the best suitable, under the existing and the most probable conditions.
STEPS TO SOLVE DILEMMA 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 19  Identification of the moral factors and reasons.  Collection of all information, data, and facts  Rank the moral options  Generate alternate courses of action to resolve the dilemma  Discuss with colleagues and obtain their perspectives, priorities, and suggestions on various alternatives  Decide upon a final course of action, based on priority fixed or assumed
MORAL AUTONOMY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 20  Moral autonomy is defined as, decisions and actions exercised on the basis of moral concern for other people and recognition of good moral reasons.  Alternatively, moral autonomy means ‘self determinant or independent’.  The autonomous people hold moral beliefs and attitudes based on their critical reflection rather than on passive adoption of the conventions of the society or profession.  Moral autonomy may also be defined as a skill and habit of thinking rationally about the ethical issues, on the basis of moral concern.
MORAL AUTONOMY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 21  If management views profitability is more important than consistent quality and retention of the customers that discourage the moral autonomy, engineers are compelled to seek the support from their professional societies and outside organizations for moral support.
KOHLBERG THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 22  Kohlberg suggested there are three levels of moral development, based on the type of reasoning and motivation of the individuals in response to moral questions  Pre-conventional  Conventional  Post-conventional
KOHLBERG THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 23  Pre-Conventional  Right conduct for an individual is regarded as whatever directly benefits oneself.  At this level, individuals are motivated by obedience or the desire to avoid punishment or to satisfy their own needs  All young children exhibit this tendency.  Conventional  People respect the law and authority  Post Conventional  People begin to account for the differing values, opinions and beliefs of other people.
KOHLBERG THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 24  The following is one example of the dilemmas Kohlberg presented.  "Heinz Steals the Drug” In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer.  There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her.  It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered.  The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make.  He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug.
KOHLBERG THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 25  The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half of what it cost.  He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later.  But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it. "  So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for his wife.  Should the husband have done that?
KOHLBERG THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 26  Kohlberg was not interested so much in the answer to the question of whether Heinz was wrong or right, but in the reasoning for each participant's decision.  The responses were then classified into various stages of reasoning in his theory of moral development
KOHLBERG THEORY Level 1. Pre-conventional Morality 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 27 Level 1. Pre-conventional Morality  Stage 1 - Obedience and Punishment The earliest stage of moral development is especially common in young children, but adults are also capable of expressing this type of reasoning. At this stage, children see rules as fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules is important because it is a means to avoid punishment.
KOHLBERG THEORY Level 1. Pre-conventional Morality 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 28  Stage 2 - Individualism and Exchange At this stage of moral development, children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs. In the Heinz dilemma, children argued that the best course of action was the choice that best- served Heinz’s needs. Reciprocity is possible, but only if it serves one's own interests.
24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 29  Stage 4 - Maintaining Social Order At this stage of moral development, people begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments. The focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty and respecting authority KOHLBERG THEORY Level 2. Conventional Morality
24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 30  Stage 3 - Interpersonal Relationships This is often referred to as the "good boy-good girl" orientation, this stage of moral development is focused on living up to social expectations and roles. There is an emphasis on conformity, being "nice," and consideration of how choices influence relationships. KOHLBERG THEORY Level 2. Conventional Morality
24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 31  Stage 5 - Social Contract and Individual Rights At this stage, people begin to account for the differing values, opinions and beliefs of other people. Rules of law are important for maintaining a society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards.  Stage 6 - Universal Principles Kolhberg’s final level of moral reasoning is based upon universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning. At this stage, people follow these internalized principles of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules. KOHLBERG THEORY Level 3. Post conventional Morality
GILLIGAN’S THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 32  Gilligan observes that Kohlberg's stages were derived exclusively from interviews with males, and she charges that the stages reflect a decidedly male orientation.  For males, advanced moral thought revolves around rules, rights, and abstract principles.  The ideal is formal justice, in which all parties evaluate one another's claims in an impartial manner.  This conception of morality, Gilligan argues, fails to capture the distinctly female voice on moral matters.
GILLIGAN’S THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 33 Gilligan says  morality centers not on rights and rules but on interpersonal relationships and the ethics of compassion and care.  The ideal is not impersonal justice but more affiliative ways of living.  Women's morality, in addition, is more contextualized; it is tied to real, ongoing relationships rather than abstract solutions to hypothetical dilemmas.
GILLIGAN’S THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 34  Understanding the needs, interests, and welfare of another person, and understanding the relationship between oneself and that other requires a stance toward that person informed by care, love, empathy, compassion, and emotional sensitivity.  It involves, for example, the ability to see the other as different in important ways from oneself, as a being existing in her own right, rather than viewing her through a simple projection of what one would feel if one were in her situation
GILLIGAN’S THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 35  For Kohlberg the mode of reasoning which generates principles governing right action involves formal rationality alone. Emotions play at most a remotely secondary role in both the derivation and motivation for moral action.  For Gilligan, by contrast, morality necessarily involves an intertwining of emotion, cognition, and action, not readily separable. Knowing what to do involves knowing others and being connected in ways involving both emotion and cognition.
CONSENSUS AND CONTROVERSY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 36  Consensus means agreement.  Controversy means Disagreement.  The ethics make the engineers realize the importance of tolerance among them in case of disagreement while applying moral autonomy.
OCCUPATION VS. PROFESSION 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 37 Profession can only be applied to certain occupations which meet the following criteria –  Knowledge: The work involves exercising sophisticated skills , theoretical knowledge and judgment and discretion that is not entirely routine or subject to mechanization.  Organization: Special societies and organizations controlled by members of the profession are allowed by the public to play a major role in setting standards for admission to the profession.  Public Good: The occupation serves some important aspects of public good as indicated in the codes of ethics.
MODELS OF PROFESSIONAL ROLES 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 38  Savior: The representative engineer is a savior who will redeem society from poverty, inefficiency, waste and drudgery of manual labor.  Guardian: The representative engineer knows the directions in which and pace at which, technology should develop. Accordingly they should be given positions of high authority based on their expertise in determining what is in the best interest of the society.
Models of Professional Roles 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 39  Bureaucratic servant: The role of engineer is to be a servant who receives and translates the directives of the management into concrete achievements.  Social servant: The role of engineers’ lies in obedient service to others but their true master is society.  Social enabler or catalyst: Ultimate power lies with the management. Nevertheless, the engineer plays a vital role beyond mere compliance with orders.  Game Player: Engineers are neither servants nor masters. They play by the economic game rules that happen that happen to be in effect at a given time.
Syllabus Focus  Engineering Ethics  Senses of Engineering Ethics  Variety of moral issues  Types of inquiry  Moral dilemmas  Moral Autonomy  Kohlberg’s theory  Gilligan’s theory  Consensus and Controversy  Models of professional roles  Theories about right action  Self-interest – Customs and Religion  Uses of Ethical Theories. 24/08/2022 40 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
THEORIES ABOUT RIGHT ACTION 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 41  Utilitarianism  Duty Ethics  Rights Ethics  Virtue Ethics
UTILITARIANISM - JOHN STUART MILL (1806-1873) 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 42  Considers a balance of good & bad consequences for everyone affected (society)  Actions are good that serve to promote human well- being  Cost-Benefit analysis is an application  Consideration of most benefit to the most people outweighs needs of a few individuals
DUTY ETHICS IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804) 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 43  There are duties that should be performed (e.g.. Duty to treat others fairly or not to injure others) regardless of whether these acts do the most good or not.
RIGHTS ETHICS JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 44  People have fundamental rights (like life, liberty, & property) that others have a duty to respect.
TESTING ETHICAL THEORIES 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 45  Five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories:  The theory must be clear  It must be consistent  Neither the theory nor its defense can rely upon false information  It must be sufficiently comprehensive to provide guidance in specific situations of interest to us.  It must be compatible with our most carefully considered moral convictions about concrete situations
SELF-INTEREST AND ETHICAL EGOISM 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 46  It is being good and acceptable to oneself.  It is pursuing what is good for oneself.  It is very ethical to possess self-interest.  A view that tries to reduce morality to the pursuit of self-interest is called ethical egoism.  “Ethical “ because it is a theory about morality and “egoism” because it says that the sole duty of each of us is to maximize his or her own good.
CUSTOMS AND ETHICAL RELATIVISM 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 47  Various culture in our pluralistic society lead to tolerance for various customs, beliefs and outlooks.  Ethical pluralism is the view that there may be alternative perspectives that are reasonable, but no one of which must be accepted completely by all rational and morally concerned persons.  Ethical relativism says that actions are morally right when they are approved by law or custom; they are wrong when they violate laws or customs.  Moral rationalism is the view that moral judgments should be made in relation to factors that may vary from case to case.
RELIGION 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 48  Religions have played major roles in shaping moral views and moral values.  Each religion lays stress on certain high moral standards.  Hinduism holds polytheistic view and virtues of devotion and surrender to high order.  Christianity believes in one deity and emphasizes on virtues of love, faith and hope.  Islam on one deity and adherence to ishan and prayer.  But many religious sects have adopted poor moral standards.  People are killed in the name of religion.
DIVINE COMMAND ETHICS 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 49  As per this principle, the right action is defined by the commands by God.  It implies that to be moral, a person should believe in god and an action is right only if it is commanded by God.
USES OF ETHICAL THEORIES 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 50  Ethical theories are useful :  for justifying moral obligations.  for resolving moral dilemmas.  in relating professional and ordinary morality.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 51 Text Book  Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, Ethics in Engineering, Mcgraw Hill, New York, 1996. Reference Books  M.Govindarajan, S.Natarajan, V.S.SenthilKumar, Engineering Ethics, PHI, 2004.  Charles D.Fleddermann, Engineering Ethics, Prentice Hall, New Mexico, 1999.  R.S.Naagarazan, Professional Ethics and Human Values, New Age International Publishers, 2006.
REVIEW QUESTIONS 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 52 1. What is engineering ethics? 2. What are the situations when moral dilemmas arise? 3. What are the steps needed to confront moral dilemmas? 4. What are the types of inquiry? 5. What are the two aspects of honesty? 6. Explain the concept of corporate responsibility. 7. What is code of conduct? Explain the purpose of Moral leadership. 8. List the criteria to achieve professionalism. 9. List the models of professional roles. 10. What are the virtues fulfilled under professional responsibility? 11. How Gilligan views the three levels of moral development? 12. Criticize Kohlberg’s theory. 13. Explain the concept of engineering as experimentation. 14. Briefly describe the concepts of Moral autonomy and moral dilemma. 15. Describe different types of inquiries in engineering ethics.

More Related Content

PPT
ge6075-unit-2.ppt
byDhaksha Jey
 
PPT
ge6075-unit-2.ppt
byaozcan1
 
PDF
UNIT-2.pdf
byRaja Manyam
 
PDF
unit_1_Senses_of_Engineering_Ethics_Variety_of_Moral_Issues_1674549942374.pdf
byRifqaFathimaS
 
PPTX
Ethics UNIT 2.pptx
bydharma raja`
 
PPTX
ethics-unit-1.pptx
byDrJANANIA1
 
PDF
Anna University PEE - GE6075_UnitII_BM.pdf
bymonicamaheswaran
 
PPTX
Professional ethics and human values.pptx
bymuthukumaar0291
 
ge6075-unit-2.ppt
byDhaksha Jey
 
ge6075-unit-2.ppt
byaozcan1
 
UNIT-2.pdf
byRaja Manyam
 
unit_1_Senses_of_Engineering_Ethics_Variety_of_Moral_Issues_1674549942374.pdf
byRifqaFathimaS
 
Ethics UNIT 2.pptx
bydharma raja`
 
ethics-unit-1.pptx
byDrJANANIA1
 
Anna University PEE - GE6075_UnitII_BM.pdf
bymonicamaheswaran
 
Professional ethics and human values.pptx
bymuthukumaar0291
 

Similar to Professional Ethics - Engineering ethics

PPTX
Professional Ethics Unit2
byLovelitJose
 
PDF
Unit 4 Engineering Ethics
byDr Piyush Charan
 
PPTX
Professional Ethics in Engineering UNIT II.pptx
byviniantonygrace
 
PDF
unit-2.pdf
bySengodanKumar
 
PPTX
UNIT II ENGINEERING ETHICS
byKIT-Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology
 
PPTX
principle of management and professional ethics
bysabarish k.v
 
PPTX
2_0 Engineering Ethics.pptx
byPriyadarshiniN14
 
PDF
PE2.pdf
by163NaveenKumarS
 
PPTX
Professional Ethics in Engineering
byKarthikeyan I
 
PPTX
Unit II.pptx
byjanani603976
 
PPTX
Unit II.pptx
byDrJANANIA1
 
PPT
unitii-210214092937 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS .ppt
byPrabhuDas47
 
PPTX
HUT200 PE Module II zjxjsufjdu udifuzyskxy
byshammafath1010
 
PPT
GE6075 - Unit 2 ppt for final year students
byJesudassI
 
PPT
Engineering Ethics Morality Inquiry Moral Dillema.ppt
byNULL31854
 
PPTX
supply chain management second unit for mba
bySaiSrinivasMurthyG
 
PPT
Unit ii
byabdullah2345
 
PPTX
UNIT 2.pptx professional ethics engineering
bysreeponni1326
 
PDF
profethics1-171221064010.pdfProfessional ethics
byRobin8015873726
 
PPT
Professional Ethics in Engineering
byNandakumar P
 
Professional Ethics Unit2
byLovelitJose
 
Unit 4 Engineering Ethics
byDr Piyush Charan
 
Professional Ethics in Engineering UNIT II.pptx
byviniantonygrace
 
unit-2.pdf
bySengodanKumar
 
UNIT II ENGINEERING ETHICS
byKIT-Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology
 
principle of management and professional ethics
bysabarish k.v
 
2_0 Engineering Ethics.pptx
byPriyadarshiniN14
 
PE2.pdf
by163NaveenKumarS
 
Professional Ethics in Engineering
byKarthikeyan I
 
Unit II.pptx
byjanani603976
 
Unit II.pptx
byDrJANANIA1
 
unitii-210214092937 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS .ppt
byPrabhuDas47
 
HUT200 PE Module II zjxjsufjdu udifuzyskxy
byshammafath1010
 
GE6075 - Unit 2 ppt for final year students
byJesudassI
 
Engineering Ethics Morality Inquiry Moral Dillema.ppt
byNULL31854
 
supply chain management second unit for mba
bySaiSrinivasMurthyG
 
Unit ii
byabdullah2345
 
UNIT 2.pptx professional ethics engineering
bysreeponni1326
 
profethics1-171221064010.pdfProfessional ethics
byRobin8015873726
 
Professional Ethics in Engineering
byNandakumar P
 

Recently uploaded

PPTX
Slide sur les concepts_Module_5_STP.pptx
bydine46
 
PDF
Unconventional reservoirs in petroleum engineering
byMuhammadHaris61480
 
PPTX
410776623-5G 3GPP STANDARED-Overview.pptx
byMohamedshabana38
 
PPTX
Introduction to Physical Metallurgy II.pptx
byOcheriCyril2
 
PDF
Arithmetic for computers and its types..
bysuganyapownaiya
 
PPTX
Unit 2 - ABRASIVE PROCESS AND BROACHING.pptx
byarivazhaganrajangam
 
PDF
0acebd80-08f7-4be1-9135-15abe45dbc94.pdf
bySirvan7
 
PPTX
MET 464 /MOD 2/MIRCO AND NANO MANUFACTURING/SESSION 1.pptx
byVINAY B
 
PPTX
MOD 1 (concrete technology -cement,aggregates .pptx
bytkmmullonkal
 
PPTX
reference material iso 45001_2018.pptx reference material iso 45001_2018.pptx
byMelwinPaul6
 
PDF
RAMON Scrap quality detection system.pdf
bymohamedassar81
 
PPT
Introduction to ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCES
byKAVITHAA49
 
PDF
Module 2 Python progr 1BPLCK105B-by Dr.SV.pdf
bySURESHA V
 
PPT
DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS Modelling and Support
byAnu S S
 
PPTX
Chapter4- Continuous-Time Markov Models- Stpchastoc Processes- Dr. Zahedi.pptx
byzahedicourse
 
PPT
Escape-17-plenary-gani-grossmann-final.ppt
bynewjourneynewlife201
 
PPT
Data Streams and Mining_1.ppt UNIT ONE COVERED
byBhupendraSingh564079
 
PDF
22nd Safety Convention by IE(I) dt 27.12.25 by Rajesh Prasad.pdf
byRajesh Prasad
 
PPTX
Module 1 AGGREGATES, DEFINITION, TYPES .pptx
bytkmmullonkal
 
PDF
convex_hull generation using the Quickhull
by😀 Shahrokh Paravarzar, PhD, E.I.T
 
Slide sur les concepts_Module_5_STP.pptx
bydine46
 
Unconventional reservoirs in petroleum engineering
byMuhammadHaris61480
 
410776623-5G 3GPP STANDARED-Overview.pptx
byMohamedshabana38
 
Introduction to Physical Metallurgy II.pptx
byOcheriCyril2
 
Arithmetic for computers and its types..
bysuganyapownaiya
 
Unit 2 - ABRASIVE PROCESS AND BROACHING.pptx
byarivazhaganrajangam
 
0acebd80-08f7-4be1-9135-15abe45dbc94.pdf
bySirvan7
 
MET 464 /MOD 2/MIRCO AND NANO MANUFACTURING/SESSION 1.pptx
byVINAY B
 
MOD 1 (concrete technology -cement,aggregates .pptx
bytkmmullonkal
 
reference material iso 45001_2018.pptx reference material iso 45001_2018.pptx
byMelwinPaul6
 
RAMON Scrap quality detection system.pdf
bymohamedassar81
 
Introduction to ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCES
byKAVITHAA49
 
Module 2 Python progr 1BPLCK105B-by Dr.SV.pdf
bySURESHA V
 
DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS Modelling and Support
byAnu S S
 
Chapter4- Continuous-Time Markov Models- Stpchastoc Processes- Dr. Zahedi.pptx
byzahedicourse
 
Escape-17-plenary-gani-grossmann-final.ppt
bynewjourneynewlife201
 
Data Streams and Mining_1.ppt UNIT ONE COVERED
byBhupendraSingh564079
 
22nd Safety Convention by IE(I) dt 27.12.25 by Rajesh Prasad.pdf
byRajesh Prasad
 
Module 1 AGGREGATES, DEFINITION, TYPES .pptx
bytkmmullonkal
 
convex_hull generation using the Quickhull
by😀 Shahrokh Paravarzar, PhD, E.I.T
 

Professional Ethics - Engineering ethics

  • 1.
    20HMG05 – ProfessionalPractice and Ethics UNIT – II ENGINEERING ETHICS Semester V - ECE
  • 2.
    Syllabus Focus  EngineeringEthics  Senses of Engineering Ethics  Variety of moral issues  Types of inquiry  Moral dilemmas  Moral Autonomy  Kohlberg’s theory  Gilligan’s theory  Consensus and Controversy  Models of professional roles  Theories about right action  Self-interest – Customs and Religion  Uses of Ethical Theories. 24/08/2022 2 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
  • 3.
    SENSES OF ETHICS Ethics is an activity of  Understanding the moral values  Resolve the moral issues  Justify the moral judgment  Ethics refers to a set of beliefs, attitudes, and habits that a person or group displays Concerning morality.  Ethics is a purely factual matter about explaining beliefs and actions related to morality.  Ethics refers to being “morally correct”  People’s action can be spoken as “ethical” or “unethical”  Individuals can be evaluated as “ethical” or “unethical” 24/08/2022 3 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
  • 4.
    WHAT IS ENGINEERINGETHICS Engineering Ethics is an activity of  Understanding the moral values that ought to guide the engineering profession  Resolve the moral issues in the profession  Justify the moral judgment concerning the profession. 24/08/2022 4 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
  • 5.
    MORALITY Morality is concernedwith principles and practices of morals such as:  What ought or ought not to be done in a given situation?  What is right or wrong about the handling of a situation?  What is good or bad about the people, policies, and ideals involved? 24/08/2022 5 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
  • 6.
    MORAL REASONING  “Engineeringdesign is a good one”  Meets Specifications  Technical Value  Specifications has moral content  Moral Reasons  Designed in such a way that a safe, reliable and environmental friendly product can be produced  Moral Reasons  Require us to respect other people as well as ourselves  to care for their good as well as their own Respecting persons by being fair and just with them  respecting their rights, keeping promises  avoiding unnecessary offense and pain to them, avoiding cheating and dishonesty 24/08/2022 6 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
  • 7.
    VARIETY OF MORALISSUES  Two Approaches to engineering ethics:  Typical, everyday problems that can take on significant proportions in an engineer’s life  Societal Problems that are often shunted aside and are not addressed until they unexpectedly resurface.  Codes of ethics:  Early codes:  Codes of personal behavious  Codes of honesty in businesss dealings and fair business practices  Newer Codes:  Responsibility to public interest  Personal Ethics in Work place 24/08/2022 7 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
  • 8.
    HOW DO MORALPROBLEMS ARISE IN ENGINEERING  Examples  construction of an equipment  Applying for a permit to operate a nuclear power plant  Chemical plant dumping wastes in a landfill  Advertisements from an electronic company for a product which is not ready for sale  Engineer might be faced with contrary opinions  Within the firm  From the client  From other firms within the industry 24/08/2022 8 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
  • 9.
    CHALLENGES ON HANDLINGMORAL ISSUES  To what extent can a supervisor be an authoritative guide to engineer’s conduct ?  What does one do when there are differences of judgement ?  Should one always follow the law to the letter?  Is an engineer to do no more than what the specifications say, even if there are problems more serious than those initially anticipated?  How far does an engineer’s responsibility extend into the realm of influencing the social impact of the projects he or she participates in? 24/08/2022 9 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
  • 10.
    TYPES OF INQUIRIES The three types of inquiries, in solving ethical problems are:  Normative inquiry  Conceptual inquiry  Factual or descriptive inquiry 24/08/2022 10 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
  • 11.
    NORMATIVE INQUIRY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 11  It seeks to identify and justify the morally-desirable norms or standards that should guide individuals and groups.  It also has the theoretical goal of justifying particular moral judgments.
  • 12.
    NORMATIVE INQUIRY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 12 Example:  How far does the obligation of engineers to protect public safety extend in any given situation?  When, if ever, should engineers be expected to blow whistle on dangerous practices of their employers?  Whose values ought to be primary in making judgment about acceptable risks in design for a public transport system or a nuclear plant?  Is it of management, senior engineers, government, voters or all of them?  When and why is the government justified in interfering with the organizations?  What are the reasons on which the engineers show their obligations to their employees or clients or the public?
  • 13.
    CONCEPTUAL INQUIRY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 13  It is directed to clarify the meaning of concepts or ideas or principles that are expressed by words or by questions and statements.  Examples:  What is meant by safety?  How is it related to risk?  What is a bribe?  What is a profession?  When moral concepts are discussed, normative and conceptual issues are closely interconnected.
  • 14.
    FACTUAL OR DESCRIPTIVEINQUIRY 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 14  It is aimed to obtain facts needed for understanding and resolving value issues.  Researchers conduct factual inquiries using mathematical or statistical techniques.  The inquiry provide important information on business realities, engineering practice, and the effectiveness of professional societies in fostering moral conduct, the procedures used in risk assessment, and psychological profiles of engineers.
  • 15.
    Factual or DescriptiveInquiry 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 15  The facts provide not only the reasons for moral problems but also enable us to develop alterative ways of resolving moral problems.  Example  How were the benefits assessed?  What are procedures followed in risk assessment?  What are short-term and long-term effects of drinking water being polluted?  Who conducted the tests on materials?
  • 16.
    MORAL DILEMMA 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 16  Dilemmas are situations in which  Moral reasons come into conflict  The application of moral values are problems, and one is not clear of the immediate choice or solution of the problems.  Moral reasons could be rights, duties, goods or obligations.  These situations do not mean that things had gone wrong, but they only indicate the presence of moral complexity. This makes the decision making complex.
  • 17.
    SITUATIONS LEADING TOMORAL DILEMMA 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 17 The three complex situations leading to moral dilemmas are:  The problem of vagueness  One is unable to distinguish between good and bad (right or wrong) principle.  Good means an action that is obligatory.  For example, code of ethic specifies that one should obey the laws and follow standards.  Refuse bribe or accept the gift, and maintain confidentiality
  • 18.
    Situations leading toMoral Dilemma 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 18  The problem of conflicting reasons  One is unable to choose between two good moral solutions. One has to fix priority, through knowledge or value system.  The problem of disagreement  There may be two or more solutions and none of them mandatory.  These solutions may be better or worse in some respects but not in all aspects.  One has to interpret, apply different morally reasons, and analyze and rank the decisions.  Select the best suitable, under the existing and the most probable conditions.
  • 19.
    STEPS TO SOLVEDILEMMA 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 19  Identification of the moral factors and reasons.  Collection of all information, data, and facts  Rank the moral options  Generate alternate courses of action to resolve the dilemma  Discuss with colleagues and obtain their perspectives, priorities, and suggestions on various alternatives  Decide upon a final course of action, based on priority fixed or assumed
  • 20.
    MORAL AUTONOMY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 20  Moral autonomy is defined as, decisions and actions exercised on the basis of moral concern for other people and recognition of good moral reasons.  Alternatively, moral autonomy means ‘self determinant or independent’.  The autonomous people hold moral beliefs and attitudes based on their critical reflection rather than on passive adoption of the conventions of the society or profession.  Moral autonomy may also be defined as a skill and habit of thinking rationally about the ethical issues, on the basis of moral concern.
  • 21.
    MORAL AUTONOMY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 21  If management views profitability is more important than consistent quality and retention of the customers that discourage the moral autonomy, engineers are compelled to seek the support from their professional societies and outside organizations for moral support.
  • 22.
    KOHLBERG THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 22  Kohlberg suggested there are three levels of moral development, based on the type of reasoning and motivation of the individuals in response to moral questions  Pre-conventional  Conventional  Post-conventional
  • 23.
    KOHLBERG THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 23  Pre-Conventional  Right conduct for an individual is regarded as whatever directly benefits oneself.  At this level, individuals are motivated by obedience or the desire to avoid punishment or to satisfy their own needs  All young children exhibit this tendency.  Conventional  People respect the law and authority  Post Conventional  People begin to account for the differing values, opinions and beliefs of other people.
  • 24.
    KOHLBERG THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 24  The following is one example of the dilemmas Kohlberg presented.  "Heinz Steals the Drug” In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer.  There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her.  It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered.  The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make.  He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug.
  • 25.
    KOHLBERG THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 25  The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half of what it cost.  He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later.  But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it. "  So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for his wife.  Should the husband have done that?
  • 26.
    KOHLBERG THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 26  Kohlberg was not interested so much in the answer to the question of whether Heinz was wrong or right, but in the reasoning for each participant's decision.  The responses were then classified into various stages of reasoning in his theory of moral development
  • 27.
    KOHLBERG THEORY Level 1.Pre-conventional Morality 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 27 Level 1. Pre-conventional Morality  Stage 1 - Obedience and Punishment The earliest stage of moral development is especially common in young children, but adults are also capable of expressing this type of reasoning. At this stage, children see rules as fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules is important because it is a means to avoid punishment.
  • 28.
    KOHLBERG THEORY Level 1.Pre-conventional Morality 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 28  Stage 2 - Individualism and Exchange At this stage of moral development, children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs. In the Heinz dilemma, children argued that the best course of action was the choice that best- served Heinz’s needs. Reciprocity is possible, but only if it serves one's own interests.
  • 29.
    24/08/2022 Unit - II- Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 29  Stage 4 - Maintaining Social Order At this stage of moral development, people begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments. The focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty and respecting authority KOHLBERG THEORY Level 2. Conventional Morality
  • 30.
    24/08/2022 Unit - II- Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 30  Stage 3 - Interpersonal Relationships This is often referred to as the "good boy-good girl" orientation, this stage of moral development is focused on living up to social expectations and roles. There is an emphasis on conformity, being "nice," and consideration of how choices influence relationships. KOHLBERG THEORY Level 2. Conventional Morality
  • 31.
    24/08/2022 Unit - II- Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 31  Stage 5 - Social Contract and Individual Rights At this stage, people begin to account for the differing values, opinions and beliefs of other people. Rules of law are important for maintaining a society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards.  Stage 6 - Universal Principles Kolhberg’s final level of moral reasoning is based upon universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning. At this stage, people follow these internalized principles of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules. KOHLBERG THEORY Level 3. Post conventional Morality
  • 32.
    GILLIGAN’S THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 32  Gilligan observes that Kohlberg's stages were derived exclusively from interviews with males, and she charges that the stages reflect a decidedly male orientation.  For males, advanced moral thought revolves around rules, rights, and abstract principles.  The ideal is formal justice, in which all parties evaluate one another's claims in an impartial manner.  This conception of morality, Gilligan argues, fails to capture the distinctly female voice on moral matters.
  • 33.
    GILLIGAN’S THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 33 Gilligan says  morality centers not on rights and rules but on interpersonal relationships and the ethics of compassion and care.  The ideal is not impersonal justice but more affiliative ways of living.  Women's morality, in addition, is more contextualized; it is tied to real, ongoing relationships rather than abstract solutions to hypothetical dilemmas.
  • 34.
    GILLIGAN’S THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 34  Understanding the needs, interests, and welfare of another person, and understanding the relationship between oneself and that other requires a stance toward that person informed by care, love, empathy, compassion, and emotional sensitivity.  It involves, for example, the ability to see the other as different in important ways from oneself, as a being existing in her own right, rather than viewing her through a simple projection of what one would feel if one were in her situation
  • 35.
    GILLIGAN’S THEORY 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 35  For Kohlberg the mode of reasoning which generates principles governing right action involves formal rationality alone. Emotions play at most a remotely secondary role in both the derivation and motivation for moral action.  For Gilligan, by contrast, morality necessarily involves an intertwining of emotion, cognition, and action, not readily separable. Knowing what to do involves knowing others and being connected in ways involving both emotion and cognition.
  • 36.
    CONSENSUS AND CONTROVERSY 24/08/2022 Unit- II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 36  Consensus means agreement.  Controversy means Disagreement.  The ethics make the engineers realize the importance of tolerance among them in case of disagreement while applying moral autonomy.
  • 37.
    OCCUPATION VS. PROFESSION 24/08/2022 Unit- II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 37 Profession can only be applied to certain occupations which meet the following criteria –  Knowledge: The work involves exercising sophisticated skills , theoretical knowledge and judgment and discretion that is not entirely routine or subject to mechanization.  Organization: Special societies and organizations controlled by members of the profession are allowed by the public to play a major role in setting standards for admission to the profession.  Public Good: The occupation serves some important aspects of public good as indicated in the codes of ethics.
  • 38.
    MODELS OF PROFESSIONALROLES 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 38  Savior: The representative engineer is a savior who will redeem society from poverty, inefficiency, waste and drudgery of manual labor.  Guardian: The representative engineer knows the directions in which and pace at which, technology should develop. Accordingly they should be given positions of high authority based on their expertise in determining what is in the best interest of the society.
  • 39.
    Models of ProfessionalRoles 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 39  Bureaucratic servant: The role of engineer is to be a servant who receives and translates the directives of the management into concrete achievements.  Social servant: The role of engineers’ lies in obedient service to others but their true master is society.  Social enabler or catalyst: Ultimate power lies with the management. Nevertheless, the engineer plays a vital role beyond mere compliance with orders.  Game Player: Engineers are neither servants nor masters. They play by the economic game rules that happen that happen to be in effect at a given time.
  • 40.
    Syllabus Focus  EngineeringEthics  Senses of Engineering Ethics  Variety of moral issues  Types of inquiry  Moral dilemmas  Moral Autonomy  Kohlberg’s theory  Gilligan’s theory  Consensus and Controversy  Models of professional roles  Theories about right action  Self-interest – Customs and Religion  Uses of Ethical Theories. 24/08/2022 40 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V
  • 41.
    THEORIES ABOUT RIGHTACTION 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 41  Utilitarianism  Duty Ethics  Rights Ethics  Virtue Ethics
  • 42.
    UTILITARIANISM - JOHNSTUART MILL (1806-1873) 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 42  Considers a balance of good & bad consequences for everyone affected (society)  Actions are good that serve to promote human well- being  Cost-Benefit analysis is an application  Consideration of most benefit to the most people outweighs needs of a few individuals
  • 43.
    DUTY ETHICS IMMANUELKANT (1724-1804) 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 43  There are duties that should be performed (e.g.. Duty to treat others fairly or not to injure others) regardless of whether these acts do the most good or not.
  • 44.
    RIGHTS ETHICS JOHNLOCKE (1632-1704) 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 44  People have fundamental rights (like life, liberty, & property) that others have a duty to respect.
  • 45.
    TESTING ETHICAL THEORIES 24/08/2022 Unit- II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 45  Five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories:  The theory must be clear  It must be consistent  Neither the theory nor its defense can rely upon false information  It must be sufficiently comprehensive to provide guidance in specific situations of interest to us.  It must be compatible with our most carefully considered moral convictions about concrete situations
  • 46.
    SELF-INTEREST AND ETHICALEGOISM 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 46  It is being good and acceptable to oneself.  It is pursuing what is good for oneself.  It is very ethical to possess self-interest.  A view that tries to reduce morality to the pursuit of self-interest is called ethical egoism.  “Ethical “ because it is a theory about morality and “egoism” because it says that the sole duty of each of us is to maximize his or her own good.
  • 47.
    CUSTOMS AND ETHICALRELATIVISM 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 47  Various culture in our pluralistic society lead to tolerance for various customs, beliefs and outlooks.  Ethical pluralism is the view that there may be alternative perspectives that are reasonable, but no one of which must be accepted completely by all rational and morally concerned persons.  Ethical relativism says that actions are morally right when they are approved by law or custom; they are wrong when they violate laws or customs.  Moral rationalism is the view that moral judgments should be made in relation to factors that may vary from case to case.
  • 48.
    RELIGION 24/08/2022 Unit - II- Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 48  Religions have played major roles in shaping moral views and moral values.  Each religion lays stress on certain high moral standards.  Hinduism holds polytheistic view and virtues of devotion and surrender to high order.  Christianity believes in one deity and emphasizes on virtues of love, faith and hope.  Islam on one deity and adherence to ishan and prayer.  But many religious sects have adopted poor moral standards.  People are killed in the name of religion.
  • 49.
    DIVINE COMMAND ETHICS 24/08/2022 Unit- II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 49  As per this principle, the right action is defined by the commands by God.  It implies that to be moral, a person should believe in god and an action is right only if it is commanded by God.
  • 50.
    USES OF ETHICALTHEORIES 24/08/2022 Unit - II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 50  Ethical theories are useful :  for justifying moral obligations.  for resolving moral dilemmas.  in relating professional and ordinary morality.
  • 51.
    BIBLIOGRAPHY 24/08/2022 Unit - II- Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 51 Text Book  Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, Ethics in Engineering, Mcgraw Hill, New York, 1996. Reference Books  M.Govindarajan, S.Natarajan, V.S.SenthilKumar, Engineering Ethics, PHI, 2004.  Charles D.Fleddermann, Engineering Ethics, Prentice Hall, New Mexico, 1999.  R.S.Naagarazan, Professional Ethics and Human Values, New Age International Publishers, 2006.
  • 52.
    REVIEW QUESTIONS 24/08/2022 Unit -II - Engineering Ethics / PPE / Sem V 52 1. What is engineering ethics? 2. What are the situations when moral dilemmas arise? 3. What are the steps needed to confront moral dilemmas? 4. What are the types of inquiry? 5. What are the two aspects of honesty? 6. Explain the concept of corporate responsibility. 7. What is code of conduct? Explain the purpose of Moral leadership. 8. List the criteria to achieve professionalism. 9. List the models of professional roles. 10. What are the virtues fulfilled under professional responsibility? 11. How Gilligan views the three levels of moral development? 12. Criticize Kohlberg’s theory. 13. Explain the concept of engineering as experimentation. 14. Briefly describe the concepts of Moral autonomy and moral dilemma. 15. Describe different types of inquiries in engineering ethics.