1. The document discusses the objectives, steps, and issues involved in product and service design. The main objectives are to satisfy customer needs and wants, capture market share, maintain market share, and compete with competitors.
2. Key steps in the design process include determining customer motivation, researching customer needs, manufacturing considerations, demand forecasting, and product life cycle analysis.
3. Critical issues addressed are standardization versus mass customization, reliability, and managing the product life cycle from introduction to decline.
Converting an idea or a lab prototype into a real, customer-ready product is no simple task. Learn how to turn your idea into a successful product by improving your team and company focus and properly defining what your product is. Learn how to differentiate between the steps of product development, including capturing market requirements as well as research, design, implementation, testing, verification, validation, operations and maintenance.
Converting an idea or a lab prototype into a real, customer-ready product is no simple task. Learn how to turn your idea into a successful product by improving your team and company focus and properly defining what your product is. Learn how to differentiate between the steps of product development, including capturing market requirements as well as research, design, implementation, testing, verification, validation, operations and maintenance.
In this Slideshare i had define about product and services.
difference between product and services.
types of product and services.
if you like my presentation do like and follow.
Thank you
Rehearsal Script Page 1 Introduction Lets get down t.docxdebishakespeare
Rehearsal Script Page 1
Introduction
Let's get down to business! Your deliverables are:
1. A complete set of Round 1 decisions. We will show you exactly what to do.
2. A quiz., which you MUST take before you can finish the tutorial. When the quiz is
complete, a menu item called "Process" becomes available. Clicking Process advances
the tutorial to the next round (simulated year).
3. As an option, you can continue to play the Rehearsal on through Round 4.
If you understand how to perform six basic tactics, you will be able to develop and execute a
strategy for your company. The tactics are:
1. Tactic 1: How do we reposition a product?
2. Tactic 2: How do we market a product?
3. Tactic 3: How do we schedule production and manage inventory?
4. Tactic 4: How do we modify plant and equipment?
5. Tactic 5: How do we raise money and pay debt?
6. Tactic 6: How do we invent a new product?
The quiz will ask you to match each basic tactic with a set of action steps. To complete the
Rehearsal, you must get 100% on the quiz, but you can take it as many times as you need.
After you complete the quiz, you can put your decisions into competition with two computer
managed companies and advance the clock one year. You can then examine the results to see
how you did.
You might find it easier to do the Rehearsal if you use these three documents:
This Rehearsal script (this document)
The Capstone Courier (click the Reports link on the Rehearsal menu in the right panel)
The Industry Conditions report (click the Reports link on the Rehearsal menu)
Tip! The "expand/collapse" link in the frame separator will open and close this area, giving you
easier access to the Rehearsal Decision Workbook.
During the Rehearsal, you are assigned to the "Andrews" company. Do not worry if you have
been assigned to a different company. When the real simulation begins you will make decisions
for your assigned company.
Good Luck!
Rehearsal Script Page 2
Tactic 1: Repositioning a Product
Instructions
1. In the Rehearsal Decision Spreadsheet (to the right of the Expand/Collapse bar), select
R&D from the Decisions menu.
2. Changing a product's Performance and Size repositions it on the Perceptual Map. If a
product is moved outside of the Rough Cut circles, it will have 0 sales; customers will not
want that product.
3. Slightly improve Able by repositioning it to a Performance of 5.8 and a Size 14.2. Change
Able's Mean Time Before Failure (or MTBF) to 18000. Click Recalculate. On the
Perceptual Map, the magenta name is where your product will be when the project
completes. The black name is where your product is today, January 1st.
4. Reposition Acre to MTBF 13000.
5. Reposition Adam to Performance 9.0, Size 11.0, MTBF 24000.
6. Reposition Aft to Performance 10.4, Size 15.0, MTBF 26000.
7. Reposition Agape to Performance 4.7, Size 9.8.
8. Click Recalculate. These projects will help your products keep up ...
In this Slideshare i had define about product and services.
difference between product and services.
types of product and services.
if you like my presentation do like and follow.
Thank you
Rehearsal Script Page 1 Introduction Lets get down t.docxdebishakespeare
Rehearsal Script Page 1
Introduction
Let's get down to business! Your deliverables are:
1. A complete set of Round 1 decisions. We will show you exactly what to do.
2. A quiz., which you MUST take before you can finish the tutorial. When the quiz is
complete, a menu item called "Process" becomes available. Clicking Process advances
the tutorial to the next round (simulated year).
3. As an option, you can continue to play the Rehearsal on through Round 4.
If you understand how to perform six basic tactics, you will be able to develop and execute a
strategy for your company. The tactics are:
1. Tactic 1: How do we reposition a product?
2. Tactic 2: How do we market a product?
3. Tactic 3: How do we schedule production and manage inventory?
4. Tactic 4: How do we modify plant and equipment?
5. Tactic 5: How do we raise money and pay debt?
6. Tactic 6: How do we invent a new product?
The quiz will ask you to match each basic tactic with a set of action steps. To complete the
Rehearsal, you must get 100% on the quiz, but you can take it as many times as you need.
After you complete the quiz, you can put your decisions into competition with two computer
managed companies and advance the clock one year. You can then examine the results to see
how you did.
You might find it easier to do the Rehearsal if you use these three documents:
This Rehearsal script (this document)
The Capstone Courier (click the Reports link on the Rehearsal menu in the right panel)
The Industry Conditions report (click the Reports link on the Rehearsal menu)
Tip! The "expand/collapse" link in the frame separator will open and close this area, giving you
easier access to the Rehearsal Decision Workbook.
During the Rehearsal, you are assigned to the "Andrews" company. Do not worry if you have
been assigned to a different company. When the real simulation begins you will make decisions
for your assigned company.
Good Luck!
Rehearsal Script Page 2
Tactic 1: Repositioning a Product
Instructions
1. In the Rehearsal Decision Spreadsheet (to the right of the Expand/Collapse bar), select
R&D from the Decisions menu.
2. Changing a product's Performance and Size repositions it on the Perceptual Map. If a
product is moved outside of the Rough Cut circles, it will have 0 sales; customers will not
want that product.
3. Slightly improve Able by repositioning it to a Performance of 5.8 and a Size 14.2. Change
Able's Mean Time Before Failure (or MTBF) to 18000. Click Recalculate. On the
Perceptual Map, the magenta name is where your product will be when the project
completes. The black name is where your product is today, January 1st.
4. Reposition Acre to MTBF 13000.
5. Reposition Adam to Performance 9.0, Size 11.0, MTBF 24000.
6. Reposition Aft to Performance 10.4, Size 15.0, MTBF 26000.
7. Reposition Agape to Performance 4.7, Size 9.8.
8. Click Recalculate. These projects will help your products keep up ...
B Business and Management (Standard Level)
All material taken from the IB Business and Management Textbook:
"Business and Management", Paul Hoang, IBID Press, Victoria, 2007
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Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
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• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
1. BBA 5th
After mid-term Production & operations Management
OBJECTIVES OF PRODUCT/SERVICE DESIGN
1. To satisfy the needs and wants of customers. It means try to design such product/service which
satisfies the needs and wants of the customers.
2. To capture market share means that how many customers are using your product/service.
3. To maintain market share means that try to retain your customers.
4. To compete with your competitors means that try to compete with your competitors by price,
quality etc.
STEPS IN DESIGN PROCESS
1. Motivation: there must be a driving force which compels customer to buy your
product/service. There must be some attraction/difference in your product/service to attract
customer.
2. Customer: try to design your product/service according to the needs and wants of customers
3. R&D: try to make different product/service with existing product/service. It means that
research among the customers and then apply those changes to the existing product/service
which customer wants.
4. Manufacturability: try to make those products which are possible to manufacture. If you say
that I will make such car which will fly in the air but this is impossible in Pakistan .so we
should avoid these sorts of things which are not possible in real.
5. Forecast demand: try to predict demand means first we should forecast demand for the
product that how much people will buy this product and how much cost will occur on this
product/service. we made estimates in this portion.
6. General consideration: (PLS) try to study your product life cycle and then on the basis of your
product life cycle make decision. Like if our product/service is on birth stage so should
introduce oriented features to move toward growth stage.
CRITICAL ISSUES IN PRODUCT/SERVICE DESIGN
1. Standardization: that process in which we design same products for everyone or we can say
that we design same nature products for all customers like cellular services which are same
for every customer. So standardization is an issue for a company because some people don’t
like to purchase standardize products. E,g some customer have small feet and some have
larger ,some customers have small height while some have larger height so it is difficult for a
company to produce separate product for every customer.
Prepared by; SAEED ULLAH JAN. SEC “B” Roll# 186 Page 1
2. BBA 5th
2. Mass customization: (Big customization) try to design your product according to the needs and
wants of customers. It is opposite of standardization here we design products for the
customers as they wants. Mass means big so it is also an issue for a company to design
different products in large amount.
3. Product/service reliability: reliability means if we say that this product/service will work for 2
years and it works so we can say that this product/service is reliable. So try to design reliable
products/services. It is also an issue for a company to design reliable products/services.
4. Product life cycle:
>Introduction phase: In this stage the demand of product will be low and price of the product
will be high. It is the most risky stage because the company’s future is dependent on this
stage.
>Growth stage: In this stage you will introduce some new technology to attract the customers.
The demand of your product will start. Cost reduced and prices become low due to increase in
demand and also due to production in this stage. Attraction of customers also increases in
this stage.
>Maturity stage: here you will add some new oriented features to the product. Profit will be
high in this stage and no chance for your product to decline. Here demand will be on peak
point.
>Post maturity stage: here your competitors arise. So your customers start decreasing because
competitors attract the customers due to new technology or we can say by strong
competition.
>Decline stage: In this stage the cost increases and your product start declining. Market share
will be decrease and your cost will increase. After this stage death stage starts so there your
revenue will be less and then you have to close your product.
Prepared by; SAEED ULLAH JAN. SEC “B” Roll# 186 Page 2
3. BBA 5th
DESIGN STRATEGIES
1. Design for manufacturing (DFM): here we plan such strategies that can be possible means we
should plan those sorts of strategies which we can manufacture. Try to design those which we
can make. Here first we should check the manufacturability.
2. Design for assembly (DFA): sometimes we remove some features from our product and make
a new product. Here the price will become low due to the removal of features so cost will
decrease. E,g SOS is not working here in Pakistan so they removed this feature from some cell
phones due to which price falls and they present a new product with the removal of this
feature.
3. Design for disassembly (DFD): this is the reciprocal of assembly. Here we add some features to
the product and manufacture a new product. With the addition of these features the prices
will be high. E,g Toyota vvt-I (now dual vvt-i). Cell phones were earlier black & white now they
have colored display.
4. Design for recycling (DFR): here product is old but we add some features to that product. Here
we don’t make a new product infact we recycle the old product. Shape, model etc is same only
we add some features. When our product get old and we repair it in new form E,g camera,
5. Design for remanufacturing (DFR): here we make totally new product but add some old
features or add some different features. E,g calculator and computer
PHASES IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Steps involved in product development process
1. Idea generation: the first process is idea generation that either to produce a new product
or modify the existing product. Ideas come from two sources.
a. Internal source: these are ideas are generally taken from within the organization
like employees, managers
b. External source: these ideas are taken from market or customers.
2. Feasibility analysis: (cost-benefit-analysis) here we measure the cost that occurs on the
implementation of ideas. In this stage the organization forecast the cost. Here we see the
advantages and disadvantages.
3. Product specification: here we check/analyze the features of product. We get information
about the product.
4. Process specification: here we specify the entire process. How will we run our process and
how to make a new product?
5. Prototype development: here we make a sample of that product to check whether it
works or not. After the success of sample then we will start manufacturing on huge scale.
Here we can remove the faults from our product by receiving feedback.
6. Design review: here we review/check our prototype/sample in order to check that is it
works/fine. Is it that product which we thought? We observe the prototype/sample to
check the faults.
7. Market test: here we test the market means we sell out in limited scale to market then on
the basis of this stage we will move towards the large scale production.
Prepared by; SAEED ULLAH JAN. SEC “B” Roll# 186 Page 3
4. BBA 5th
8. Introduction to market: (production introduction) (commercialization). If the market test
comes positive then we start commercialization in huge scale. Means if customers like our
product then definitely we will start commercialization (large scale production).
9. Feedback: (follow up evaluation). Here you will get different feedbacks from your
customers so you will make decision on the basis of majority means that you try to change
the product by receiving same feedbacks (majority).
SERVICE DESIGN: Difference between product (goods) and service designs
PRODUCT: A set of attributes assembled in identifiable form in order to satisfy the need and wants of
your customer. Product is a broad term but normally we use it for goods.
Services without product: this is not possible because services are attached with the tangibles and
this the evidence. e,g if we purchased a mobile card so we use the service but what will be the
evidence? Card will be the evidence in tangible form.
Products (goods) without services: this is also not possible because goods are also attached with the
services. e,g if we make a product but without services how will customer use, suppose we make a fan
first services are involved here during making of this item but later on due to services it comes to
customer.
Prepared by; SAEED ULLAH JAN. SEC “B” Roll# 186 Page 4
5. BBA 5th
1. Tangibility: product/goods are tangible means they have physical shape while services are
intangible.
2. Homogeneity: products may be same but in services there must be some difference.
Homogeneity lies in products only.
3. Perish ability: products can be inventoried (stock) means products can be stored while we can’t
store services.
4. Ownership: products can be owned by someone while services can’t be owned, it can just be
used.
5. Services are produced and consumed at the same time while products are produced once then
consumed later on somewhere else.
Prepared by; SAEED ULLAH JAN. SEC “B” Roll# 186 Page 5