Support material from the Ends workshop. This exercise helps people establish a product end date experienced by consumers.

1. ProductEnd
Dates
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
EndsWorkshop

2. Services 2 week holiday, 3
year degree,
Pay As You Go, Points
on your driving license
Parcel delivered, boiler
fixed, car serviced,
concert watched,
operation successful,
money transferred
Expectation cut short.
Break the contract,
leave the film early.
A pension that you no
longer pay into. An
unused gym
membership.
Move outside of
covered area.
Writing letters.
Rag&Bone man
Waiting
Bigger, Better, Faster
Products Sell by Date
Warranty
Battery Empty Used disposable items Product Broken Old non-fitting clothes.
E-Waste old phones in
draws.
Changing
demographic/age
Items in loft Kindle
Sliver Cross Pram
Top Loading Washing
Machine
Bigger, Better, Faster
Digital 1 year software
subscription,
Gems in Clash of Clans Game completed Provider has shut
down, sold out, gone
bust.
App deleted yet service
capturing data. Unused
email accounts.
Social media
comments and images
Apple to Android
GDPR and LA Times
MySpace
Yahoo
AOL
Bigger, Better, Faster
Ending types.
8 types of ending experienced by consumers
Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering Proximity
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Style/Trends Competition

3. CCO by Ryan Stone
PolaroidPic-300InstantFilm
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co

4. Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering
Proximity
Style
Weeks Years DecadesMonths
ProductEndDates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Competition

5. Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering
Proximity
Style
Weeks Years DecadesMonths
ProductEndDates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Competition
Warranty 60 days
Warranty 1 year

6. Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering
Proximity
Style
Weeks Years DecadesMonths
ProductEndDates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Competition
Warranty 60 days
12x Images
Warranty 1 year
Battery Exhaustion

7. Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering
Proximity
Style
Weeks Years DecadesMonths
ProductEndDates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Competition
Warranty 60 days
12x Images
Warranty 1 year
Take a photo. 10 mins
Battery Exhaustion

8. 8
Broken:(Mtbf)
MeanTimeBetweenFailures
The probability that an individual unit of the product, operating under
specified conditions, will work correctly for a specified length of time.
Decreasing
Failure Rate
Constant Failure
Rate
Increasing Failure
Rate
Key
Observed Failure Rate
Constant (random) Failures
Wear Out Failures
Early Failure
Jeff Smoot. CUI Global Inc.
FailureRate
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Time

9. 9
The probability that an individual unit of the product, operating under
specified conditions, will work correctly for a specified length of time.
Jeff Smoot. CUI Global Inc.
PercentageR(t)
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Hours (in millions)
1
0
0.5
0.75
0.25
“Although the MTBF is 1 million
hours, the R(t) = e-λt curve,
shown in the graph below, tells
us that only 36.7% of units are
statistically likely to operate for
this long. 60.6% can be
expected to operate for
500,000 hours, and further we
can expect 90.5% to last for a
lifetime of 100,000 hours.”
0.367
0.606
0.905
1 2 3 4 5
57 years
11 years
Broken:(Mtbf)
MeanTimeBetweenFailures

10. 10
The probability that an individual unit of the product, operating under
specified conditions, will work correctly for a specified length of time.
Jeff Smoot. CUI Global Inc.
PercentageR(t)
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Hours (in millions)
1
0
0.5
0.75
0.25
“Although the MTBF is 1 million
hours, the R(t) = e-λt curve,
shown in the graph below, tells
us that only 36.7% of units are
statistically likely to operate for
this long. 60.6% can be
expected to operate for
500,000 hours, and further we
can expect 90.5% to last for a
lifetime of 100,000 hours.”
0.367
0.606
0.905
1 2 3 4 5
57 years
11 years
ButThisIsFor1
Component
Broken:(Mtbf)
MeanTimeBetweenFailures

11. 11
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
“On average, consumers expect
most CE products to last
approximately five years.”
www.cta.tech
Broken:Expectation

12. Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering
Proximity
Style
Weeks Years DecadesMonths
ProductEndDates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Competition
Warranty 60 days
12x Images
Warranty 1 year
Take a photo. 10 mins
5 years. Consumer Expectations of CE product. Source www.cta.tech 57 years. Failure of a chip
Failure of many chips 11 years
Battery Exhaustion

13. 13
Lingering:DemographicChange
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co

14. Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering
Proximity
Style
Weeks Years DecadesMonths
ProductEndDates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Competition
Warranty 60 days
12x Images
Warranty 1 year
Take a photo. 10 mins
5 years. Consumer Expectations of CE product. Source www.cta.tech 57 years. Failure of a chip
Failure of many chips 11 years
4 years. Target audience. Changes in demographic.
Battery Exhaustion

15. Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering
Proximity
Style
Weeks Years DecadesMonths
ProductEndDates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Competition
Warranty 60 days
12x Images
Warranty 1 year
Take a photo. 10 mins
5 years. Consumer Expectations of CE product. Source www.cta.tech 57 years. Failure of a chip
Failure of many chips 11 years
4 years. Target audience. Changes in demographic.
Battery Exhaustion

16. 16
Style:
Pantone’s Colour Of The Year Over The Last Few Years.
Bellacor Has Observed These Trends In 5 Year Cycles.
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co

17. Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering
Proximity
Style
Weeks Years DecadesMonths
ProductEndDates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Competition
Warranty 60 days
12x Images
Warranty 1 year
Take a photo. 10 mins
5 years. Consumer Expectations of CE product. Source www.cta.tech 57 years. Failure of a chip
Failure of many chips 11 years
4 years. Target audience. Changes in demographic.
Battery Exhaustion
5 years. Colour trends in 5 year cycles according to Bellacor.

18. CCO by Ryan Stone
Competition
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co

19. Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering
Proximity
Style
Weeks Years DecadesMonths
ProductEndDates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Competition
Warranty 60 days
12x Images
Warranty 1 year
Take a photo. 10 mins
5 years. Consumer Expectations of CE product. Source www.cta.tech 57 years. Failure of a chip
Failure of many chips 11 years
4 years. Target audience. Changes in demographic.
Battery Exhaustion
5 years. Colour trends in 5 year cycles according to Bellacor.
Returned in warranty or opportunity when product ends elsewhere.

20. Time out
Exhaustion
/Credit Out
Task / Event
completion
Broken /
Withdrawal
Lingering
Proximity
Style
Weeks Years DecadesMonths
ProductEndDates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4
andEnd. Joe Macleod. @mrmacleod andEnd.co
Competition
Warranty 60 days
12x Images
Warranty 1 year
Take a photo. 10 mins
5 years. Consumer Expectations of CE product. Source www.cta.tech 57 years. Failure of a chip
Failure of many chips 11 years
4 years. Target audience. Changes in demographic.
Battery Exhaustion
5 years. Colour trends in 5 year cycles according to Bellacor.
Returned in warranty or opportunity when product ends elsewhere.