Relationshipisamostthingtobeengaged.God'sthe
authorofgoodrelationships.Everyhumanisina
relationship.No one can live alone without a
relationship.
Basically,arelationshipisaconnectionbetweentwo
ormorepeople.Inourlives,wehavemanydifferent
kindsofrelationshipswithourfamily,ourfriends,our
teachersand ourneighbors.Butthere are divers
categoriesofrelationship,it'sbasedonthepurpose
orthoseinvolved.Themostcommonrelationshipis
theonebetweenGodandhischildren.
Coming together in one accord has over time proven its significant in
the community since the enhancement of community health is positive.
Our world need synergy to live in harmony, peace and tranquility for
the betterment of our society.
If healthy family must be maintained, then there is a need for
community dialogue.
It’s a long life process to grow or maintain a healthy community, hence,
constant nurturing and persistency is needed. For the community to
grow and develop, everyone must participate with specific role in
building a healthier, more vibrant community. The choices we make at
home, work, school, play, and worship determine most what creates
personal health and community vitality. To a large mile, it's about how
we use our time, money, and talents. But the roles we play in the
community to bring positive change is the most crucial. This is about
using your influence, skills and knowledge to create better community.
Today, our communities bereft good organization and poses the risk for
communal conflict due to selfishness among the leaders who have
become weeds and tyrants among the less privileged ones. Instead of
fostering the growth of the community, the community is running into
lost and troubled atmosphere, resulting into many displacement of
properties and lives. Thereby, giving hand to suffering and health
challenges. In our world today, there's often a gulf between the
conversations people have around the kitchen table and the
conversations we have with our leaders. We see turf battles and
fragmentation of efforts with more resources getting spent on the
symptoms of deeper problems, and less on what generates health in the
first place.
STUDIES OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF RATTUS NORVEGICUS...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
The effects of Annona muricata fruit pulp extract have been observed which
confirms its activity against experimentally induced non-cancerous tumor.
The prostate gland provides the semen with vitamins and other nutrients thus,
maintaining its vitality during the journey up the female reproductive tract.
Diseases of the prostate gland, affect millions of people the world over,
decreasing their quality of life. Benign prostate hyperplasia, BPH, is the
medical term used to describe an enlarged prostate. It means a noncancerous
enlargement of the prostate gland. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a
progressive condition characterised by prostate enlargement accompanied by
lower urinary tract symptoms. This study follows an experimental design in
which a total of fifty five male wistar albino rats were used. These rats were
grouped into five main groups, three of these groups were further sub-divided
into three sub-groups of five rats each. The groups include; Hormone
Control, HC, five rats, Vehicle Control, VC, five rats, Test Group, TG, which
is further divided into three sub-groups of five ats each, TGa, TGb, and TGc,
Vehicle + soursop, VS, which is further divided into three sub-groups of five
rats each, VSa, VSb, and VSc and then Soursop Control, SC, which is further
divided into three sub-groups of five rats each, bringing the total of groups
and sub-groups to eleven groups. The sub-groups a, b, and c are to be
administered soursop extract at graded doses of 500mg/kg. 1000mg/kg and
2000mg/kg respectively Tumor induction was done by administering
Testosterone Propionate and Estradiol Valerate at 300pg:80µg/kg
subcutaneously in the inguinal region of the rats on alternate days for 21
days. Induction caused a very significant increase in the serum level of
prostate specific antigen (PSA) of the HC group above the normal range in
comparism to that obtained in the VC sub-groups at P≤0.05; while the
Annona muricata extracts at low dose (500mg/kg) reduced the PSA level, the
normal and high dose (1000mg/kg) inhibited (prevented) any increase in the
PSA level.
Background: Students cannot be successful in terms of their behavior, or
academic learning, without an environment that has been intentionally
created for this purpose. Classroom design is a critical element in creating an
effective learning environment. Classroom design should be intentional and
purposeful, incorporating elements such as natural light, flexible spaces,
comfortable furniture, strategic use of color, and technology that supports
learning. The objective of this project is to discover how to enhance the
learning environment for students in Cameroon by reviewing related work on
how classroom design affect learning outcomes of students.
Method: This is a narrative review study in which peer-reviewed published
research articles were reviewed. The articles were screened based on the title,
abstract and full-text articles. 40 citations were screened of which 31 were
excluded after the title and abstract were screened. 25 articles were then
retrieved for reading and after reading through, 12 articles were found to be
relevant to the critical review process of this study.
Result: Of all the design elements that make up the classroom, the
environmental variables (temperature, acoustics, and lighting) have been the
most studied individually. The SIN principles using the EB model; gives
more indepth analysis and robust outcomes of the impact classroom design
have on students' learning.
Conclusion: From literatures, it is anticipated that the built environment of
the classrooms will have a great impact on students' academic performance,
health and wellbeing. Therefore, imbibing these approaches before designing
classrooms in Cameroon and understanding factors that influence student
learning comfort; may go a long way to impact students learning outcomes.
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS INFLUENCING CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION PR...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Abstract: Background: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective interventions with proven strategies to reach
the vulnerable populations. It is also a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life threatening infectious diseases.
It also prevents illness, disability and deaths from vaccine preventable diseases averting estimated 2-3 million deaths
each year.
Method: A descriptive survey research design was adopted, one hundred 100 nursing mothers were used for the
study. The instruments used for the study was a self-structured questionnaire. Simple random sampling technique
was used to select the sample for the study. Data collected were analysed using frequency, counts and percentage
table for demographic information.
Result: The findings of the study revealed that behaviour/attitude of healthcare workers and lack of enough
information were determinants of incomplete routine immunization, while life style, religion and belief were not
determinants of incomplete routine immunization. However, level of education, distance to health facility, life style,
religion and belief were jointly determinants of incomplete routine immunization among nursing mothers in Jericho
specialist hospital.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study; it is therefore recommended that State Government and
Philanthropists should assist in building more health care facilities close to the communities for easy accessibility.
Effort should be geared towards public campaign using local dialect to encourage them to complete routine
immunization. In addition, community mobilization should be strengthening especially among nursing mothers to
be fully informed about the merits of completing the routine immunization and to avert childhood morbidity and
mortality in our society.
Background: Self-medication is a wide spread practice among construction
workers who experience a range of physical injuries, pain, and
musculosketal. Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drug that is
commonly used to relive pain, fever and inflammation.
Methodology: This research aimed to investigate the side effects associated
with self-medication of diclofenac sodium among construction workers in
Rasfodd Nigeria limited Lagos, Nigeria. A Descriptive design was adopted
for this study. A total of 150 participants were surveyed using a structured
questionnaire to gather information on self-medication practices, knowledge
of diclofenac sodium side effects, and reported health outcomes.
Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of self-medication among
construction workers, with 62.7% of participants engaging in this practice.
The main reasons cited for self-medication were the easy availability of
diclofenac sodium without a prescription and the desire for immediate pain
relief. However, the study also found a lack of awareness about the potential
side effects of diclofenac sodium which is 98%, with only 2% of participants
demonstrating sufficient knowledge. Several health risks associated with
self-medication were reported, including stomach upset which is 18.7%,
headache 40% and other adverse drug interactions were recorded.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for comprehensive
interventions, including educational campaigns, collaboration between
healthcare professionals and construction companies, and stronger regulatory
measures to ensure responsible medication practices. By addressing these
issues, the well-being and safety of construction workers can be enhanced,
reducing the potential health risks associated with self-medication
The world today faces a myriad of urgent challenges that transcend disciplinary boundaries.
The World Economic Forum's emphasis on these multidisciplinary issues highlights the
interconnected nature of our globalized world. Solutions demand collaboration, innovation,
and integrated approaches across various sectors. By fostering partnerships between
governments, businesses, academia, and civil society, the international community can work
towards a more sustainable, equitable, and prosperous future for all. The urgency of these
challenges underscores the need for immediate action and a collective commitment to finding
solutions that transcend borders and disciplines
With respect to this, IHSRAN is calling on all academics and researchers in all disciplines to
enhance the impact of their research by publishing in the renowned IHSRA Journal of Global
Issues and Interdisciplinary Studies.
Become part of our distinguished community of intellectual leaders and contribute to shaping
the future of global comprehension. Present your manuscript today and make your mark in
the world of academia. Let's collaboratively explore the crossroads of knowledge and propel
positive transformations across various fields.
The key objectives of IHSRAN are to influence the future of Global research and policy
making while contributing to the advancement in sharing insights that bridge disciplines and
tackle the complex challenges of our interconnected world; on a global scale
MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME AMONG OBSTETRIC REFERRALS: A CASE STUDY OF THE BA...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Abstract: Background: maternal/foetal mortality and morbidity could be reduced by making use of timely
consultations, an efficient referral system, basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care to pregnant women
and their new-borns. This study was carried out in other to compare maternofoetal outcome and to evaluate the
types of delays experienced by women.
The main objective was to evaluate maternal and foetal outcome of obstetric referrals.
Method: A case control study was carried out. All pregnant women that were referred, consented and met with the
inclusion criteria were recruited as cases, while those who came to deliver on their own were recruited as the controls.
Data were collected on pretested questionnaires. The chi square test was used as nonparametric test.
Result: Most of the participants 75.4% (n=49) were found between 15-30 years. The majority (n=35, 53.8%) of
pregnant women were referred from health centres. Cases with at least one delay was twice that of the controls (cases
42, 64.6% controls 22, 33.8% p value =0.00). 6.2 %and 9.8 %babies delivered from cases and control group
respectively were born dead. Admission in the Neonatal intensive care unit was in greater proportion for the babies
delivered from cases than the controls (cases 15, 23.1% controls 9, 13.8% p value=0.175). Most of the women
delivered through ceserian section (cases 27, 41.5% controls 32, 49.2% p value =0.378). No maternal mortality was
recorded. 60% of the women spent 7-14days in the hospital.
Conclusion: for non-referred pregnant women, maternal outcome is poor but foetal outcome is better.
The Impact of Poverty on Under 5 Children in Rural Communities of the West Af...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Background: Under 5 children mortality is a significant
public health issue in West Africa, where poverty is
prevalent. Poverty is a complex and multifaceted issue that
affects various aspects of life, including health outcomes.
The impact of poverty on under 5 children mortality has
been extensively studied in West Africa, and this review
aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
findings of these studies.
Methods: This review is aqualitative Narrative review in
which systematic review procedures were employed to
search, select, and extract data from overviews that meet
eligibility criteria for this study. The search yielded a total of
1,245 articles; published between 2005 and 2023 in West
Africa, including Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, and Senegal. 78
articles were selected for full-text review, out of which 30
met the inclusion criteria and included in the final analysis.
The studies used different study designs, including crosssectional, cohort, and case-control studies. The sample sizes
ranged from 100 to 10,000 participants.
Results: The findings of the studies showed that poverty has
a significant impact on under 5 children mortality in West
Africa. Children from poor households were more likely to
die before their fifth birthday compared to children from
wealthier households. Poverty also affected the health
outcomes of mothers, which in turn affected the health
outcomes of their children. The studies identified various
factors that contribute to the impact of poverty on under 5
mortality, including malnutrition, lack of access to
healthcare, poor sanitation, and inadequate housing. The
studies also highlighted the role of community-level factors,
such as social support and community participation, in
mitigating the impact of poverty on under 5 mortality.
Conclusion: Poverty affects various aspects of life,
including access to healthcare, nutrition, and basic
amenities, which in turn affects the health outcomes of
children. Community-based interventions that address the
underlying causes of poverty and improve access to
healthcare and basic amenities should be strengthened,
designed better and implemented in collaboration with
stakeholders to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability.
Further research is needed to identify effective interventions
that can improve health outcomes in impoverished
communities.
Coming together in one accord has over time proven its significant in
the community since the enhancement of community health is positive.
Our world need synergy to live in harmony, peace and tranquility for
the betterment of our society.
If healthy family must be maintained, then there is a need for
community dialogue.
It’s a long life process to grow or maintain a healthy community, hence,
constant nurturing and persistency is needed. For the community to
grow and develop, everyone must participate with specific role in
building a healthier, more vibrant community. The choices we make at
home, work, school, play, and worship determine most what creates
personal health and community vitality. To a large mile, it's about how
we use our time, money, and talents. But the roles we play in the
community to bring positive change is the most crucial. This is about
using your influence, skills and knowledge to create better community.
Today, our communities bereft good organization and poses the risk for
communal conflict due to selfishness among the leaders who have
become weeds and tyrants among the less privileged ones. Instead of
fostering the growth of the community, the community is running into
lost and troubled atmosphere, resulting into many displacement of
properties and lives. Thereby, giving hand to suffering and health
challenges. In our world today, there's often a gulf between the
conversations people have around the kitchen table and the
conversations we have with our leaders. We see turf battles and
fragmentation of efforts with more resources getting spent on the
symptoms of deeper problems, and less on what generates health in the
first place.
STUDIES OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF RATTUS NORVEGICUS...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
The effects of Annona muricata fruit pulp extract have been observed which
confirms its activity against experimentally induced non-cancerous tumor.
The prostate gland provides the semen with vitamins and other nutrients thus,
maintaining its vitality during the journey up the female reproductive tract.
Diseases of the prostate gland, affect millions of people the world over,
decreasing their quality of life. Benign prostate hyperplasia, BPH, is the
medical term used to describe an enlarged prostate. It means a noncancerous
enlargement of the prostate gland. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a
progressive condition characterised by prostate enlargement accompanied by
lower urinary tract symptoms. This study follows an experimental design in
which a total of fifty five male wistar albino rats were used. These rats were
grouped into five main groups, three of these groups were further sub-divided
into three sub-groups of five rats each. The groups include; Hormone
Control, HC, five rats, Vehicle Control, VC, five rats, Test Group, TG, which
is further divided into three sub-groups of five ats each, TGa, TGb, and TGc,
Vehicle + soursop, VS, which is further divided into three sub-groups of five
rats each, VSa, VSb, and VSc and then Soursop Control, SC, which is further
divided into three sub-groups of five rats each, bringing the total of groups
and sub-groups to eleven groups. The sub-groups a, b, and c are to be
administered soursop extract at graded doses of 500mg/kg. 1000mg/kg and
2000mg/kg respectively Tumor induction was done by administering
Testosterone Propionate and Estradiol Valerate at 300pg:80µg/kg
subcutaneously in the inguinal region of the rats on alternate days for 21
days. Induction caused a very significant increase in the serum level of
prostate specific antigen (PSA) of the HC group above the normal range in
comparism to that obtained in the VC sub-groups at P≤0.05; while the
Annona muricata extracts at low dose (500mg/kg) reduced the PSA level, the
normal and high dose (1000mg/kg) inhibited (prevented) any increase in the
PSA level.
Background: Students cannot be successful in terms of their behavior, or
academic learning, without an environment that has been intentionally
created for this purpose. Classroom design is a critical element in creating an
effective learning environment. Classroom design should be intentional and
purposeful, incorporating elements such as natural light, flexible spaces,
comfortable furniture, strategic use of color, and technology that supports
learning. The objective of this project is to discover how to enhance the
learning environment for students in Cameroon by reviewing related work on
how classroom design affect learning outcomes of students.
Method: This is a narrative review study in which peer-reviewed published
research articles were reviewed. The articles were screened based on the title,
abstract and full-text articles. 40 citations were screened of which 31 were
excluded after the title and abstract were screened. 25 articles were then
retrieved for reading and after reading through, 12 articles were found to be
relevant to the critical review process of this study.
Result: Of all the design elements that make up the classroom, the
environmental variables (temperature, acoustics, and lighting) have been the
most studied individually. The SIN principles using the EB model; gives
more indepth analysis and robust outcomes of the impact classroom design
have on students' learning.
Conclusion: From literatures, it is anticipated that the built environment of
the classrooms will have a great impact on students' academic performance,
health and wellbeing. Therefore, imbibing these approaches before designing
classrooms in Cameroon and understanding factors that influence student
learning comfort; may go a long way to impact students learning outcomes.
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS INFLUENCING CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION PR...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Abstract: Background: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective interventions with proven strategies to reach
the vulnerable populations. It is also a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life threatening infectious diseases.
It also prevents illness, disability and deaths from vaccine preventable diseases averting estimated 2-3 million deaths
each year.
Method: A descriptive survey research design was adopted, one hundred 100 nursing mothers were used for the
study. The instruments used for the study was a self-structured questionnaire. Simple random sampling technique
was used to select the sample for the study. Data collected were analysed using frequency, counts and percentage
table for demographic information.
Result: The findings of the study revealed that behaviour/attitude of healthcare workers and lack of enough
information were determinants of incomplete routine immunization, while life style, religion and belief were not
determinants of incomplete routine immunization. However, level of education, distance to health facility, life style,
religion and belief were jointly determinants of incomplete routine immunization among nursing mothers in Jericho
specialist hospital.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study; it is therefore recommended that State Government and
Philanthropists should assist in building more health care facilities close to the communities for easy accessibility.
Effort should be geared towards public campaign using local dialect to encourage them to complete routine
immunization. In addition, community mobilization should be strengthening especially among nursing mothers to
be fully informed about the merits of completing the routine immunization and to avert childhood morbidity and
mortality in our society.
Background: Self-medication is a wide spread practice among construction
workers who experience a range of physical injuries, pain, and
musculosketal. Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drug that is
commonly used to relive pain, fever and inflammation.
Methodology: This research aimed to investigate the side effects associated
with self-medication of diclofenac sodium among construction workers in
Rasfodd Nigeria limited Lagos, Nigeria. A Descriptive design was adopted
for this study. A total of 150 participants were surveyed using a structured
questionnaire to gather information on self-medication practices, knowledge
of diclofenac sodium side effects, and reported health outcomes.
Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of self-medication among
construction workers, with 62.7% of participants engaging in this practice.
The main reasons cited for self-medication were the easy availability of
diclofenac sodium without a prescription and the desire for immediate pain
relief. However, the study also found a lack of awareness about the potential
side effects of diclofenac sodium which is 98%, with only 2% of participants
demonstrating sufficient knowledge. Several health risks associated with
self-medication were reported, including stomach upset which is 18.7%,
headache 40% and other adverse drug interactions were recorded.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for comprehensive
interventions, including educational campaigns, collaboration between
healthcare professionals and construction companies, and stronger regulatory
measures to ensure responsible medication practices. By addressing these
issues, the well-being and safety of construction workers can be enhanced,
reducing the potential health risks associated with self-medication
The world today faces a myriad of urgent challenges that transcend disciplinary boundaries.
The World Economic Forum's emphasis on these multidisciplinary issues highlights the
interconnected nature of our globalized world. Solutions demand collaboration, innovation,
and integrated approaches across various sectors. By fostering partnerships between
governments, businesses, academia, and civil society, the international community can work
towards a more sustainable, equitable, and prosperous future for all. The urgency of these
challenges underscores the need for immediate action and a collective commitment to finding
solutions that transcend borders and disciplines
With respect to this, IHSRAN is calling on all academics and researchers in all disciplines to
enhance the impact of their research by publishing in the renowned IHSRA Journal of Global
Issues and Interdisciplinary Studies.
Become part of our distinguished community of intellectual leaders and contribute to shaping
the future of global comprehension. Present your manuscript today and make your mark in
the world of academia. Let's collaboratively explore the crossroads of knowledge and propel
positive transformations across various fields.
The key objectives of IHSRAN are to influence the future of Global research and policy
making while contributing to the advancement in sharing insights that bridge disciplines and
tackle the complex challenges of our interconnected world; on a global scale
MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME AMONG OBSTETRIC REFERRALS: A CASE STUDY OF THE BA...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Abstract: Background: maternal/foetal mortality and morbidity could be reduced by making use of timely
consultations, an efficient referral system, basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care to pregnant women
and their new-borns. This study was carried out in other to compare maternofoetal outcome and to evaluate the
types of delays experienced by women.
The main objective was to evaluate maternal and foetal outcome of obstetric referrals.
Method: A case control study was carried out. All pregnant women that were referred, consented and met with the
inclusion criteria were recruited as cases, while those who came to deliver on their own were recruited as the controls.
Data were collected on pretested questionnaires. The chi square test was used as nonparametric test.
Result: Most of the participants 75.4% (n=49) were found between 15-30 years. The majority (n=35, 53.8%) of
pregnant women were referred from health centres. Cases with at least one delay was twice that of the controls (cases
42, 64.6% controls 22, 33.8% p value =0.00). 6.2 %and 9.8 %babies delivered from cases and control group
respectively were born dead. Admission in the Neonatal intensive care unit was in greater proportion for the babies
delivered from cases than the controls (cases 15, 23.1% controls 9, 13.8% p value=0.175). Most of the women
delivered through ceserian section (cases 27, 41.5% controls 32, 49.2% p value =0.378). No maternal mortality was
recorded. 60% of the women spent 7-14days in the hospital.
Conclusion: for non-referred pregnant women, maternal outcome is poor but foetal outcome is better.
The Impact of Poverty on Under 5 Children in Rural Communities of the West Af...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Background: Under 5 children mortality is a significant
public health issue in West Africa, where poverty is
prevalent. Poverty is a complex and multifaceted issue that
affects various aspects of life, including health outcomes.
The impact of poverty on under 5 children mortality has
been extensively studied in West Africa, and this review
aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
findings of these studies.
Methods: This review is aqualitative Narrative review in
which systematic review procedures were employed to
search, select, and extract data from overviews that meet
eligibility criteria for this study. The search yielded a total of
1,245 articles; published between 2005 and 2023 in West
Africa, including Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, and Senegal. 78
articles were selected for full-text review, out of which 30
met the inclusion criteria and included in the final analysis.
The studies used different study designs, including crosssectional, cohort, and case-control studies. The sample sizes
ranged from 100 to 10,000 participants.
Results: The findings of the studies showed that poverty has
a significant impact on under 5 children mortality in West
Africa. Children from poor households were more likely to
die before their fifth birthday compared to children from
wealthier households. Poverty also affected the health
outcomes of mothers, which in turn affected the health
outcomes of their children. The studies identified various
factors that contribute to the impact of poverty on under 5
mortality, including malnutrition, lack of access to
healthcare, poor sanitation, and inadequate housing. The
studies also highlighted the role of community-level factors,
such as social support and community participation, in
mitigating the impact of poverty on under 5 mortality.
Conclusion: Poverty affects various aspects of life,
including access to healthcare, nutrition, and basic
amenities, which in turn affects the health outcomes of
children. Community-based interventions that address the
underlying causes of poverty and improve access to
healthcare and basic amenities should be strengthened,
designed better and implemented in collaboration with
stakeholders to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability.
Further research is needed to identify effective interventions
that can improve health outcomes in impoverished
communities.
MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME AMONG OBSTETRIC REFERRALS: A CASE STUDY OF THE BA...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Background: maternal/foetal mortality and morbidity could be reduced by making use of timely
consultations, an efficient referral system, basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care to pregnant women
and their new-borns. This study was carried out in other to compare maternofoetal outcome and to evaluate the
types of delays experienced by women.
The main objective was to evaluate maternal and foetal outcome of obstetric referrals.
Method: A case control study was carried out. All pregnant women that were referred, consented and met with the
inclusion criteria were recruited as cases, while those who came to deliver on their own were recruited as the controls.
Data were collected on pretested questionnaires. The chi square test was used as nonparametric test.
Result: Most of the participants 75.4% (n=49) were found between 15-30 years. The majority (n=35, 53.8%) of
pregnant women were referred from health centres. Cases with at least one delay was twice that of the controls (cases
42, 64.6% controls 22, 33.8% p value =0.00). 6.2 %and 9.8 %babies delivered from cases and control group
respectively were born dead. Admission in the Neonatal intensive care unit was in greater proportion for the babies
delivered from cases than the controls (cases 15, 23.1% controls 9, 13.8% p value=0.175). Most of the women
delivered through ceserian section (cases 27, 41.5% controls 32, 49.2% p value =0.378). No maternal mortality was
recorded. 60% of the women spent 7-14days in the hospital.
Conclusion: for non-referred pregnant women, maternal outcome is poor but foetal outcome is better.
Keywords: Obstetrics, Referrals, Haemorrhage, Infection, Outcome.
Assessment of Mothers' Knowledge and use of Oral Rehydration Therapy for Dia...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Diarrhoea disease is the second leading cause of death in
children under 5 years old, and is responsible for killing about 300, 000
children annually in Nigeria. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is the preferred
treatment for fluid and electrolyte losses due to diarrhoea in children with
mild to moderate dehydration. This study aimed to assess the knowledge
and use of ORT in the management of diarrhoea in children under 5 years
at Seventh Day Adventist Hospital (SDAH, Ife).
Epidemiology is the science and practice which describes and explains disease patterns in populations,
and puts this knowledge to use to improve health. The central paradigm of epidemiology is that patterns
of disease in populations may be analyzed systematically to provide understanding of the causes and
control of disease. Epidemiology seeks out the differences and similarities ('compare and contrast') in
the disease patterns of populations to gain new knowledge. Valid measurement of the frequency of
disease and factors which may influence disease, and are therefore potential explanations for the
observed patterns, is crucial to the epidemiological goal. The focus of epidemiology is on the pattern of
disease and ill-health in the population. Epidemiology combines elements of clinical, biological, social
and ecological sciences. Epidemiology is dependent on clinical practice and sciences to make a
diagnosis, the starting point of our work. The goal of epidemiology as a science is to understand the
causes of disease variation and use this to improve the health of populations and individuals. The goal of
epidemiology as a practice is preventing and controlling disease, guiding health and health care policy
and planning, and improving health care in individuals. Epidemiological variables should meet the
purposes of epidemiology. Epidemiology is based on theories.
This book is a product of a
gift that God has given to Evangelist Gabriel Jeremiah Oruikor for the
purpose of Training of children .
The writing of “SHAPING GOD`S ARROWS” itself came by a direct
inspiration of the Holy spirit to bless several thousands and Evang.
Gabriel message has encouraged countless ministers of the
Gospel and parents, in the area of Teaching and training of
children evangelists .
Proverb 22; 6 “Train up a child in the way he should go; and when
he is old, he will not depart from it.
Training children is different from teaching child, hence training
involves parent ,then it is a divine assignment with responsibility
of according assistance to shape them to develop their
personalities .The parents are not just to bring children in the
world ,but also to bring them to the knowledge of God, through
instructions and informations.
If you don`t want shame, disgrace or pain in your heart at old age
as a parent ,Read this book for deeper revelation and be obedient
to God`s instruction by training up your children and you are the
one that will eat the fruit of your children tomorrow.
Thank Evang. Gabriel for the release of the gift of the mighty
anointing of the Holy spirit UPON your life, to the body of Christ
and your Generation. Amen
Our world is filled with catastrophes and endemic
diseases. The world is suffering from spiritual
problem and it is only spiritual and not political that
we can get solution. Our political elites cannot
solve our problems but only Jesus can do it.
Apostle Paul wrote to the Christians in Colossians,
“In whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in
the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to
God the father through Him” (Col. 3:17)
Everything we do as Christians should stem from
acts of worship. People in ministry heal the sick,
cast out demons and spend countless sessions
doing counseling for those confused or seeking
direction. Also, they spend quality time for prayer
meetings and various services.
The pastors and other ministers in the church
preach the gospel steadily to people and make
sure that church conferences, activities and
retreats is in order. We pray and fast in
preparation for impartation, we seek God’s face, kneeling to God for spiritual maturity. All these we
do in the church but how many of you worship God
in your job, places, and factories?
How many of you discuss or share the good news
about Jesus there? How many of you pastors
equip the saints not to depend on you but sent out
to share good news in their job places? Hear what,
Jesus said, “What shall I liken the men of this
generation; what are they like?
They are like unto children sitting in the market
place, and calling one to another and saying,
we are piped unto you and ye have not
danced; we have mourned to you, and ye have
not wept” (Luke 7:31-32). Can you imagine little
children in the market place, they don’t know road
to their homes; all they would do is crying for help
of direction.
That is what Jesus said, that the people in your
job places are like. That means they don’t know
Christ, but no one seeks to show them the way of
Christ. Christians today do not hold down secured
work and even try to share their faith with others.
In the beginning God created heaven and earth
and everything that is in it.
Psalm 24:1 “The earth is the Lord’s and the
fullness thereof; The world and they that dwell
therein (KJV)
Our God is the sole founder of everything that ever
existed, and even before He laid his foundation,
He had already have them programmed.
After God created man in His own image, God
ordained man to be wealthy – holistically. Look at
this scripture, Gen. 1:28; “And God blessed them
and God said unto them (man and woman), be
fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth
and subdue it; and have dominion over the
fish of the sea and over the fowl of the air and
over every living thing that moveth upon the
earth”.
From the above scripture, God originally blessed
all man’s seeds and not some seeds.
It is now a common knowledge that teenagers and
youths of our generation are faced with great
challenges. The development scored safer in the
communication and media industries is not
helping matters. Praise God where iniquity
abound, grace receives a boost, but sin being a
great hindrances to grace must be checkmate;
abounding grace must be given her place.
The creator of all things; the great master designer
God made all things beautiful in order to return
praises unto Himself. He determined the times
and seasons, gave the boundaries of human
habitations. In His love furnished His prime
creation (man) with the manual to run the affairs
of the earth while he oversees all things from the
heavens.
His love covered us from all grounds and gave us
all things freely to enjoy. And in Him all things
consists –and maintains their existence. Sexuality
being part of His fundamental bonding principles
in human co-existence must be fully understood
to be appreciated.
Drugs are gotten from Animals, Plants and Minerals. By products of
animals, including humans, are a source for drugs because they contain
hormones that can be reclaimed and given to patients who need
increased hormonal levels to maintain homeostasis. For example,
Premarin is a drug that contains estrogen that is recovered from mare
urine. This is used as hormonal therapy to manage menopausal
symptoms. Insulin is another hormonal drug that is used to regulate
blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Insulin can be
recovered from humans using DNA technology.
A number of plants have medicinal qualities and have been used for
centuries as natural remedies for injuries and illnesses. Pharmaceutical
firms harvest these plants and transform them into drugs that have a
specific purity and strength sufficient to treat diseases. An example of a
drug that comes from a plant is digitalis. Digitalis is made from leaves
of the foxglove plant and is used to treat congestive heart failure and
cardiac arrhythmias
Basically, Clinical pharmacology is the science of drug use to manage
illnesses in humans. General medical practitioners and Clinicians of all
specialties prescribe drugs in their daily routines. Also, students in
health sciences are expected to have sound knowledge in Clinical
pharmacology because it form the basis of their studies. If drugs are not
used properly in therapeutic practices, it become very dangerous for the
effectiveness of the practice as lives would be in danger.
Dr. ORUIKOR GABRIEL JEREMIAH, decided to present a textbook
that would summarize the practice of using drugs in a simple format to
assist health sciences in the basic knowledge of drugs usage for
humans.
The book entitle “POCKET SYSTEMIC AND CLINICAL
PHARMACOLOGY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES FIRST EDITION” is
well prepared to serve its vulnerable purpose of studies in clinical
Pharmacology. However, this first edition does not cover all the
pharmacology of the human systems, its selective which include: Drugs
acting on GIT, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, BLOOD, AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. It’s believed that subsequent editions would
cover other systems.
The author also discussed the principles of basic Pharmacology and
toxicology.
Its my pleasure to have a review of this book written by Dr ORUIKOR
GABRIEL JEREMIAH. I place my thumb up on this for all health
science and medical students to use this book because the approaches
here in this book are simplified ,current and comprehensive.
One of the most critical and sexiest aspects of life is the
reproductive health.
Humans are able to reproduce and increase numerically in their
kinds as a recompense of reproduction.
If life must continue, then this subject must be a priority in
everyday studies to enhance quality life and maintain the
highest level of functioning reproductively.
It is worthy of acknowledgement that many are living silently
in the world of reproductive health disaster and filled with
reproductive challenges ignorantly. While some are just
adamant of it, others are bereft of the knowledge and the right
key to obtain reproductive health.
Also there are lots of diseases and abnormally planned families
which have given rise to scarcity of resources leading to poverty
and poor life status.
It is based on the aforementioned perspectives and concepts
that the author of this book, Dr. Oruikor Gabriel Jeremiah, a
seasonal medical practitioner placed his ink here.
The book, “COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND FAMILY PLANNING “
provide analytical and innovative approaches for the
understanding of this subject ,and as well as to create
awareness, educate and offer solutions to many of the ever
asked questions on reproductive life improvement
It is often said “Good things are always bitter to
achieve”. Natural materials played major roles in
our wellness. Fruits are good as agreed and
known by many peoples. But the true values of
some fruits are not known by many people.
Most of the contents found in some drugs used for
health care and treatment of illnesses or diseases
are derived from fruits.
The importance of maintaining good health can’t
be stressed enough. A healthy body sets the
stage for your day-to-day well-being and
determines how well you’ll age. It also allows you
to live an active and more full life, which means
you’ll have a better quality of life as you age.
Maintaining a healthy body is the best way to have
an active and full life.
A healthy body requires a mix of a balanced diet,
regular exercise, quality sleep, mindfulness and,
of course, a healthy lifestyle.
Maintaining a healthy body is the best way to have
an active and full life. It’s the most important thing
you can do to stay healthy as you age
Historically, the term “Disease” is widely known to many persons as
written by many scholars who have taken their researchers in this angle.
Disease affect members of the public which include the community. So
it’s worthy to address it in the community using community health
principles.
A disease causes us discomfort or an uneasy feeling, which may or may
not necessarily give a pain sensation. Although “disease-free” and
“being healthy” are terms that are often correlated, they are completely
different. There is more to “being healthy” than just being “diseasefree”. Certain signs and symptoms are used to diagnose a particular
disease. And, presence of a particular disease can lead to an unhealthy
life.
For people who have taken a career in Health sciences or students in
health sciences who would eventually graduate to be health
Practitioners, disease management eventually becomes their priority. So
it’s crucial and beneficial to understand the science and art of
preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the
organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public
and private, communities and individuals.
This book entitled “ MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED DISEASES IN
COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE SETTINGS 1st edition “ is well written
to enable the readers become familiar with how to promote and protect
the health of people and the communities where they live, learn, work and play.
The book entitled "THE ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN BODY
SYSTEMS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT" is a book with
multiple uses, But Primarily for students in health sciences and
biological sciences, who are studying the following courses:
Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, public health, Physiotherapy,
Medical laboratory science, Biochemistry, Anatomy,
Physiology, and others.
This book is also useful for individuals who want to
understand how their body systems basically works and live
healthy.
The writer covered some vital areas needed for the above
students in other textbooks, such as the concept of health, the
human systems and basic functions, Nutritional values and
concepts. Some aspects of mental health and ill health. The
book also explained clearly how human beings can naturally
improve their health and prevent sickness.
It's worthy to appreciate that many authors have written on
the above subjects or areas. But the scope and depths of these
books vary and some of the authors presented it in a very
complex form, making it difficult for so many readers to
comprehend. Some of these books, the authors bombarded
with much details with no simplification. This becomes more
tedious for readers who do not have much time to cover it.
Knowledge of Cervical Cancer among Women of Reproductive Age in Ibadan North...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Nigeria has one of the highest rates of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both the human
papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) and cervical screening are effective
prevention strategies against both HPV infection and cervical cancer. Lack
of awareness, limited knowledge, limited decision-making agency, lack of spousal support and stigma are barriers to uptake of these preventive
measures.
Cervical cancer is a deadly disease claiming the lives of many women in
developing countries due to late presentation which might be influenced by a lack of knowledge of the disease and its prevention.
This descriptive study examined the knowledge assessment of Cervical cancer among women of reproductive age (15-49), about cervical cancer, its prevention, and their utilization of Pap smear screening; using a convenience sample of 426 women in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Women voluntarily completed a structured questionnaire.
Results showed that women who participated in the study were
aware of cervical cancer (77%; n=328) but many (62.9%; n= 268) were
unaware of Pap smears as the screening tests for cervical cancer. Although 41.3% (n=176) were knowledgeable about cervical cancer, risk factors and prevention, only 9.4% (n=40) had Pap smear tests done.
Health care professionals, need to intensify efforts to increase
awareness about cervical cancer screening, and encourage women through the different clinics to use these services. The benefits of screening and early diagnosis of cervical cancer should be emphasized to enhance the utilization of cervical cancer screening services.
Every human has organs that have similar function in reproduction. These organs combined together to form reproductive systems. For effective functions to be achieved, they must be maintained adequately.
The reproductive organs are one of the most sensitive organs of the human body and proper care has to be taken in order to
protect oneself from the suffering caused by the various reproductive issues, and also to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) to come close. Taking proper care of the
reproductive health is needed in order to have a safe and satisfying sexual life. It is also a necessity for having healthy children.
Reproductive health is important for psychological well-being in addition to its physical necessities. It is very important for
safe sexual reproduction that can be defined as the natural way of producing the young ones, where two parental organisms are
involved in a course of events. Organisms that undergo sexual reproduction include humans, birds, reptiles, animals, insects as well as plants.
Reproductive health ensures that people can have a satisfying and safe sex life, they are capable of reproducing and have the
freedom to make a decision regarding when and how often to perform it. Male reproductive health, as well as, female reproductive health are important aspects of the overall
reproductive system as both are equally important to create a new organism Reproductive health also deals to prevent themselves from getting any sexually transmitted diseases or infections (STDs or
STIs). STDs (or STIs) are diseases that are mainly spread by sexual intercourse and these diseases can be seriously dangerous as a cure to some of them had not been found ye.
The importance of reproductive health is for a healthy state ofphysical and mental conditions in the human body where the proper functioning of reproductive organs takes place. All phases of reproduction can take place safely when reproductive health is well taken care of. And it ultimately results in the
formation of new offspring or a whole new organism.
The three components of reproductive health are - family planning, sexual health, and maternal health.
This book is a manual for students in health sciences and biological sciences who need a simplified, but comprehensive guide on reproductive system, family planning and
reproductive health. The author of this book used both scientific and medical approaches to discuss all the parameters necessary for the understanding of these subjects.
It is worthy of acceptance that the subjects in this book are not new because many researchers and authors have written on
them, but most of their books are not readily understood by many students and readers due to the voracious approaches, hence the birth of this book in a simplified way to meet the
students and readers need was necessary.
Also, just as these subjects are not new, the author employed and built his writing from other authors.
MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME AMONG OBSTETRIC REFERRALS: A CASE STUDY OF THE BA...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Background: maternal/foetal mortality and morbidity could be reduced by making use of timely
consultations, an efficient referral system, basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care to pregnant women
and their new-borns. This study was carried out in other to compare maternofoetal outcome and to evaluate the
types of delays experienced by women.
The main objective was to evaluate maternal and foetal outcome of obstetric referrals.
Method: A case control study was carried out. All pregnant women that were referred, consented and met with the
inclusion criteria were recruited as cases, while those who came to deliver on their own were recruited as the controls.
Data were collected on pretested questionnaires. The chi square test was used as nonparametric test.
Result: Most of the participants 75.4% (n=49) were found between 15-30 years. The majority (n=35, 53.8%) of
pregnant women were referred from health centres. Cases with at least one delay was twice that of the controls (cases
42, 64.6% controls 22, 33.8% p value =0.00). 6.2 %and 9.8 %babies delivered from cases and control group
respectively were born dead. Admission in the Neonatal intensive care unit was in greater proportion for the babies
delivered from cases than the controls (cases 15, 23.1% controls 9, 13.8% p value=0.175). Most of the women
delivered through ceserian section (cases 27, 41.5% controls 32, 49.2% p value =0.378). No maternal mortality was
recorded. 60% of the women spent 7-14days in the hospital.
Conclusion: for non-referred pregnant women, maternal outcome is poor but foetal outcome is better.
Keywords: Obstetrics, Referrals, Haemorrhage, Infection, Outcome.
Assessment of Mothers' Knowledge and use of Oral Rehydration Therapy for Dia...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Diarrhoea disease is the second leading cause of death in
children under 5 years old, and is responsible for killing about 300, 000
children annually in Nigeria. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is the preferred
treatment for fluid and electrolyte losses due to diarrhoea in children with
mild to moderate dehydration. This study aimed to assess the knowledge
and use of ORT in the management of diarrhoea in children under 5 years
at Seventh Day Adventist Hospital (SDAH, Ife).
Epidemiology is the science and practice which describes and explains disease patterns in populations,
and puts this knowledge to use to improve health. The central paradigm of epidemiology is that patterns
of disease in populations may be analyzed systematically to provide understanding of the causes and
control of disease. Epidemiology seeks out the differences and similarities ('compare and contrast') in
the disease patterns of populations to gain new knowledge. Valid measurement of the frequency of
disease and factors which may influence disease, and are therefore potential explanations for the
observed patterns, is crucial to the epidemiological goal. The focus of epidemiology is on the pattern of
disease and ill-health in the population. Epidemiology combines elements of clinical, biological, social
and ecological sciences. Epidemiology is dependent on clinical practice and sciences to make a
diagnosis, the starting point of our work. The goal of epidemiology as a science is to understand the
causes of disease variation and use this to improve the health of populations and individuals. The goal of
epidemiology as a practice is preventing and controlling disease, guiding health and health care policy
and planning, and improving health care in individuals. Epidemiological variables should meet the
purposes of epidemiology. Epidemiology is based on theories.
This book is a product of a
gift that God has given to Evangelist Gabriel Jeremiah Oruikor for the
purpose of Training of children .
The writing of “SHAPING GOD`S ARROWS” itself came by a direct
inspiration of the Holy spirit to bless several thousands and Evang.
Gabriel message has encouraged countless ministers of the
Gospel and parents, in the area of Teaching and training of
children evangelists .
Proverb 22; 6 “Train up a child in the way he should go; and when
he is old, he will not depart from it.
Training children is different from teaching child, hence training
involves parent ,then it is a divine assignment with responsibility
of according assistance to shape them to develop their
personalities .The parents are not just to bring children in the
world ,but also to bring them to the knowledge of God, through
instructions and informations.
If you don`t want shame, disgrace or pain in your heart at old age
as a parent ,Read this book for deeper revelation and be obedient
to God`s instruction by training up your children and you are the
one that will eat the fruit of your children tomorrow.
Thank Evang. Gabriel for the release of the gift of the mighty
anointing of the Holy spirit UPON your life, to the body of Christ
and your Generation. Amen
Our world is filled with catastrophes and endemic
diseases. The world is suffering from spiritual
problem and it is only spiritual and not political that
we can get solution. Our political elites cannot
solve our problems but only Jesus can do it.
Apostle Paul wrote to the Christians in Colossians,
“In whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in
the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to
God the father through Him” (Col. 3:17)
Everything we do as Christians should stem from
acts of worship. People in ministry heal the sick,
cast out demons and spend countless sessions
doing counseling for those confused or seeking
direction. Also, they spend quality time for prayer
meetings and various services.
The pastors and other ministers in the church
preach the gospel steadily to people and make
sure that church conferences, activities and
retreats is in order. We pray and fast in
preparation for impartation, we seek God’s face, kneeling to God for spiritual maturity. All these we
do in the church but how many of you worship God
in your job, places, and factories?
How many of you discuss or share the good news
about Jesus there? How many of you pastors
equip the saints not to depend on you but sent out
to share good news in their job places? Hear what,
Jesus said, “What shall I liken the men of this
generation; what are they like?
They are like unto children sitting in the market
place, and calling one to another and saying,
we are piped unto you and ye have not
danced; we have mourned to you, and ye have
not wept” (Luke 7:31-32). Can you imagine little
children in the market place, they don’t know road
to their homes; all they would do is crying for help
of direction.
That is what Jesus said, that the people in your
job places are like. That means they don’t know
Christ, but no one seeks to show them the way of
Christ. Christians today do not hold down secured
work and even try to share their faith with others.
In the beginning God created heaven and earth
and everything that is in it.
Psalm 24:1 “The earth is the Lord’s and the
fullness thereof; The world and they that dwell
therein (KJV)
Our God is the sole founder of everything that ever
existed, and even before He laid his foundation,
He had already have them programmed.
After God created man in His own image, God
ordained man to be wealthy – holistically. Look at
this scripture, Gen. 1:28; “And God blessed them
and God said unto them (man and woman), be
fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth
and subdue it; and have dominion over the
fish of the sea and over the fowl of the air and
over every living thing that moveth upon the
earth”.
From the above scripture, God originally blessed
all man’s seeds and not some seeds.
It is now a common knowledge that teenagers and
youths of our generation are faced with great
challenges. The development scored safer in the
communication and media industries is not
helping matters. Praise God where iniquity
abound, grace receives a boost, but sin being a
great hindrances to grace must be checkmate;
abounding grace must be given her place.
The creator of all things; the great master designer
God made all things beautiful in order to return
praises unto Himself. He determined the times
and seasons, gave the boundaries of human
habitations. In His love furnished His prime
creation (man) with the manual to run the affairs
of the earth while he oversees all things from the
heavens.
His love covered us from all grounds and gave us
all things freely to enjoy. And in Him all things
consists –and maintains their existence. Sexuality
being part of His fundamental bonding principles
in human co-existence must be fully understood
to be appreciated.
Drugs are gotten from Animals, Plants and Minerals. By products of
animals, including humans, are a source for drugs because they contain
hormones that can be reclaimed and given to patients who need
increased hormonal levels to maintain homeostasis. For example,
Premarin is a drug that contains estrogen that is recovered from mare
urine. This is used as hormonal therapy to manage menopausal
symptoms. Insulin is another hormonal drug that is used to regulate
blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Insulin can be
recovered from humans using DNA technology.
A number of plants have medicinal qualities and have been used for
centuries as natural remedies for injuries and illnesses. Pharmaceutical
firms harvest these plants and transform them into drugs that have a
specific purity and strength sufficient to treat diseases. An example of a
drug that comes from a plant is digitalis. Digitalis is made from leaves
of the foxglove plant and is used to treat congestive heart failure and
cardiac arrhythmias
Basically, Clinical pharmacology is the science of drug use to manage
illnesses in humans. General medical practitioners and Clinicians of all
specialties prescribe drugs in their daily routines. Also, students in
health sciences are expected to have sound knowledge in Clinical
pharmacology because it form the basis of their studies. If drugs are not
used properly in therapeutic practices, it become very dangerous for the
effectiveness of the practice as lives would be in danger.
Dr. ORUIKOR GABRIEL JEREMIAH, decided to present a textbook
that would summarize the practice of using drugs in a simple format to
assist health sciences in the basic knowledge of drugs usage for
humans.
The book entitle “POCKET SYSTEMIC AND CLINICAL
PHARMACOLOGY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES FIRST EDITION” is
well prepared to serve its vulnerable purpose of studies in clinical
Pharmacology. However, this first edition does not cover all the
pharmacology of the human systems, its selective which include: Drugs
acting on GIT, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, BLOOD, AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. It’s believed that subsequent editions would
cover other systems.
The author also discussed the principles of basic Pharmacology and
toxicology.
Its my pleasure to have a review of this book written by Dr ORUIKOR
GABRIEL JEREMIAH. I place my thumb up on this for all health
science and medical students to use this book because the approaches
here in this book are simplified ,current and comprehensive.
One of the most critical and sexiest aspects of life is the
reproductive health.
Humans are able to reproduce and increase numerically in their
kinds as a recompense of reproduction.
If life must continue, then this subject must be a priority in
everyday studies to enhance quality life and maintain the
highest level of functioning reproductively.
It is worthy of acknowledgement that many are living silently
in the world of reproductive health disaster and filled with
reproductive challenges ignorantly. While some are just
adamant of it, others are bereft of the knowledge and the right
key to obtain reproductive health.
Also there are lots of diseases and abnormally planned families
which have given rise to scarcity of resources leading to poverty
and poor life status.
It is based on the aforementioned perspectives and concepts
that the author of this book, Dr. Oruikor Gabriel Jeremiah, a
seasonal medical practitioner placed his ink here.
The book, “COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND FAMILY PLANNING “
provide analytical and innovative approaches for the
understanding of this subject ,and as well as to create
awareness, educate and offer solutions to many of the ever
asked questions on reproductive life improvement
It is often said “Good things are always bitter to
achieve”. Natural materials played major roles in
our wellness. Fruits are good as agreed and
known by many peoples. But the true values of
some fruits are not known by many people.
Most of the contents found in some drugs used for
health care and treatment of illnesses or diseases
are derived from fruits.
The importance of maintaining good health can’t
be stressed enough. A healthy body sets the
stage for your day-to-day well-being and
determines how well you’ll age. It also allows you
to live an active and more full life, which means
you’ll have a better quality of life as you age.
Maintaining a healthy body is the best way to have
an active and full life.
A healthy body requires a mix of a balanced diet,
regular exercise, quality sleep, mindfulness and,
of course, a healthy lifestyle.
Maintaining a healthy body is the best way to have
an active and full life. It’s the most important thing
you can do to stay healthy as you age
Historically, the term “Disease” is widely known to many persons as
written by many scholars who have taken their researchers in this angle.
Disease affect members of the public which include the community. So
it’s worthy to address it in the community using community health
principles.
A disease causes us discomfort or an uneasy feeling, which may or may
not necessarily give a pain sensation. Although “disease-free” and
“being healthy” are terms that are often correlated, they are completely
different. There is more to “being healthy” than just being “diseasefree”. Certain signs and symptoms are used to diagnose a particular
disease. And, presence of a particular disease can lead to an unhealthy
life.
For people who have taken a career in Health sciences or students in
health sciences who would eventually graduate to be health
Practitioners, disease management eventually becomes their priority. So
it’s crucial and beneficial to understand the science and art of
preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the
organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public
and private, communities and individuals.
This book entitled “ MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED DISEASES IN
COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE SETTINGS 1st edition “ is well written
to enable the readers become familiar with how to promote and protect
the health of people and the communities where they live, learn, work and play.
The book entitled "THE ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN BODY
SYSTEMS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT" is a book with
multiple uses, But Primarily for students in health sciences and
biological sciences, who are studying the following courses:
Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, public health, Physiotherapy,
Medical laboratory science, Biochemistry, Anatomy,
Physiology, and others.
This book is also useful for individuals who want to
understand how their body systems basically works and live
healthy.
The writer covered some vital areas needed for the above
students in other textbooks, such as the concept of health, the
human systems and basic functions, Nutritional values and
concepts. Some aspects of mental health and ill health. The
book also explained clearly how human beings can naturally
improve their health and prevent sickness.
It's worthy to appreciate that many authors have written on
the above subjects or areas. But the scope and depths of these
books vary and some of the authors presented it in a very
complex form, making it difficult for so many readers to
comprehend. Some of these books, the authors bombarded
with much details with no simplification. This becomes more
tedious for readers who do not have much time to cover it.
Knowledge of Cervical Cancer among Women of Reproductive Age in Ibadan North...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Nigeria has one of the highest rates of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both the human
papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) and cervical screening are effective
prevention strategies against both HPV infection and cervical cancer. Lack
of awareness, limited knowledge, limited decision-making agency, lack of spousal support and stigma are barriers to uptake of these preventive
measures.
Cervical cancer is a deadly disease claiming the lives of many women in
developing countries due to late presentation which might be influenced by a lack of knowledge of the disease and its prevention.
This descriptive study examined the knowledge assessment of Cervical cancer among women of reproductive age (15-49), about cervical cancer, its prevention, and their utilization of Pap smear screening; using a convenience sample of 426 women in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Women voluntarily completed a structured questionnaire.
Results showed that women who participated in the study were
aware of cervical cancer (77%; n=328) but many (62.9%; n= 268) were
unaware of Pap smears as the screening tests for cervical cancer. Although 41.3% (n=176) were knowledgeable about cervical cancer, risk factors and prevention, only 9.4% (n=40) had Pap smear tests done.
Health care professionals, need to intensify efforts to increase
awareness about cervical cancer screening, and encourage women through the different clinics to use these services. The benefits of screening and early diagnosis of cervical cancer should be emphasized to enhance the utilization of cervical cancer screening services.
Every human has organs that have similar function in reproduction. These organs combined together to form reproductive systems. For effective functions to be achieved, they must be maintained adequately.
The reproductive organs are one of the most sensitive organs of the human body and proper care has to be taken in order to
protect oneself from the suffering caused by the various reproductive issues, and also to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) to come close. Taking proper care of the
reproductive health is needed in order to have a safe and satisfying sexual life. It is also a necessity for having healthy children.
Reproductive health is important for psychological well-being in addition to its physical necessities. It is very important for
safe sexual reproduction that can be defined as the natural way of producing the young ones, where two parental organisms are
involved in a course of events. Organisms that undergo sexual reproduction include humans, birds, reptiles, animals, insects as well as plants.
Reproductive health ensures that people can have a satisfying and safe sex life, they are capable of reproducing and have the
freedom to make a decision regarding when and how often to perform it. Male reproductive health, as well as, female reproductive health are important aspects of the overall
reproductive system as both are equally important to create a new organism Reproductive health also deals to prevent themselves from getting any sexually transmitted diseases or infections (STDs or
STIs). STDs (or STIs) are diseases that are mainly spread by sexual intercourse and these diseases can be seriously dangerous as a cure to some of them had not been found ye.
The importance of reproductive health is for a healthy state ofphysical and mental conditions in the human body where the proper functioning of reproductive organs takes place. All phases of reproduction can take place safely when reproductive health is well taken care of. And it ultimately results in the
formation of new offspring or a whole new organism.
The three components of reproductive health are - family planning, sexual health, and maternal health.
This book is a manual for students in health sciences and biological sciences who need a simplified, but comprehensive guide on reproductive system, family planning and
reproductive health. The author of this book used both scientific and medical approaches to discuss all the parameters necessary for the understanding of these subjects.
It is worthy of acceptance that the subjects in this book are not new because many researchers and authors have written on
them, but most of their books are not readily understood by many students and readers due to the voracious approaches, hence the birth of this book in a simplified way to meet the
students and readers need was necessary.
Also, just as these subjects are not new, the author employed and built his writing from other authors.
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h
ob
yo
n
ew
a
yo
r
t
h
eo
t
h
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
dme
,
I
a
p
p
r
e
c
i
a
t
e
y
o
u
.
17. O
R
U
I
K
O
RG
A
B
R
I
E
L
J
E
R
E
MI
A
H
1
7
P
R
I
N
C
I
P
L
E
SF
O
RMA
I
N
T
A
I
N
I
N
GH
E
A
L
T
H
YR
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
s
oh
i
g
h
l
y
,
i
t
’
ss
a
dt
h
a
tt
h
e
r
ea
r
es
oma
n
yb
e
l
i
e
v
e
r
s
w
h
o h
a
v
e h
u
r
t
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n
g o
rb
r
o
k
e
n r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
s
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n
y
C
h
r
i
s
t
i
a
n h
o
me
s h
a
v
e b
e
e
n s
h
a
t
t
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d b
yd
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v
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r
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e
.
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o
mew
h
os
t
a
yma
r
r
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da
r
eu
n
h
a
p
p
y
.
T
h
e
ya
r
el
i
v
i
n
g
i
nas
i
l
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n
c
ew
o
r
l
df
i
l
l
e
dw
i
t
hn
e
g
a
t
i
v
es
mi
l
e
s.
T
h
e
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r
h
o
me
sa
r
eat
e
n
s
eb
a
t
t
l
eg
r
o
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n
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o
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al
o
v
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n
gr
e
f
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g
e
.
Ma
n
y
C
h
r
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s
t
i
a
np
a
r
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n
t
s
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r
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o
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d
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h
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r
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me
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m c
h
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r
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h t
o c
h
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r
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h
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v
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g a t
r
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g
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d
.
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k
n
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w o
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h
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s
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h
o w
o
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ts
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e
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k t
o o
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f
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r
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e
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s
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n
d w
r
o
n
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st
h
a
t
h
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v
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k
e
np
l
a
c
e
.
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a
d
l
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,
t
h
el
o
v
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n
gf
a
mi
l
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e
s
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g
e
n
u
i
n
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f
r
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n
d
s
h
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p
s
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a
n
dh
e
a
l
t
h
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e
l
a
t
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o
n
s
h
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p
st
h
a
tw
ew
a
n
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mo
s
t
o
u
t
o
f
l
i
f
e
o
f
t
e
ne
l
u
d
e
u
s
.
S
oa
l
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
sa
sl
o
n
ga
si
t
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n
v
o
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v
e
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h
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s
t
i
a
n
s
mu
s
t
f
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l
o
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o
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'
s
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
k
e
y
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
l
o
v
e
.
25. O
R
U
I
K
O
RG
A
B
R
I
E
L
J
E
R
E
MI
A
H
2
5
P
R
I
N
C
I
P
L
E
SF
O
RMA
I
N
T
A
I
N
I
N
GH
E
A
L
T
H
YR
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
i
n
t
o a
n a
r
g
u
me
n
tp
r
o
b
a
b
l
y o
v
e
rs
o
me g
u
y
s a
n
d
i
mme
d
i
a
t
e
l
yt
h
e
i
rf
r
i
e
n
d
s
h
i
p e
n
d
s
.N
o
ts
o
o
n a
f
t
e
r
,
t
h
e
yb
e
g
i
nt
ot
a
l
ka
b
o
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te
a
c
ho
t
h
e
ra
n
dt
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l
l
e
a
c
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o
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r
'
sb
u
s
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n
e
s
st
oo
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h
e
r
p
e
o
p
l
e
.
T
h
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si
st
h
ep
e
r
f
e
c
t
e
x
a
mp
l
eo
fw
h
a
th
a
p
p
e
n
sw
h
e
nw
ed
o
n
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tc
o
n
s
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r
f
r
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n
d
s
h
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pf
r
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mt
h
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r
s
t
s
t
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g
e
.
I
n j
u
mp
i
n
g t
h
e s
t
a
g
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s o
fd
e
v
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l
o
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me
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t
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e c
a
n
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n
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t
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o
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tp
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o
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nama
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rt
h
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o
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p
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o
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o
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e
n
t
l
y
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h
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t
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o
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n t
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r
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o
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l
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me
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t p
r
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n
d n
o s
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d
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n
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y
o
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h
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t
w
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e
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o
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s
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o
t
b
u
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l
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o
u
n
d
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o
ni
t
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b
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t
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r
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k
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g
a
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v
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n
t
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a
l
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l
l
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L
e
t
u
sl
o
o
ka
t
t
h
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i
ns
u
b
j
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t
h
e
r
e
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w
h
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c
hi
sd
i
f
f
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r
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t
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so
f
f
r
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e
n
d
s
h
i
p
.
B
a
s
eo
n
29. O
R
U
I
K
O
RG
A
B
R
I
E
L
J
E
R
E
MI
A
H
2
9
P
R
I
N
C
I
P
L
E
SF
O
RMA
I
N
T
A
I
N
I
N
GH
E
A
L
T
H
YR
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
a
r
ea
c
q
u
a
i
n
t
i
n
gw
i
t
hb
u
td
o
e
s
n
’
th
a
v
eas
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
r
o
l
e
t
op
l
a
y
i
n
y
o
u
r
l
i
f
e
.
Wh
o i
s a
n a
c
q
u
a
i
n
t
a
n
c
e ? A
n a
c
q
u
a
i
n
t
a
n
c
e i
s
s
o
me
o
n
e y
o
u s
p
e
n
d t
i
me w
i
t
h o
n o
c
c
a
s
i
o
n
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r
s
o
me
o
n
ey
o
us
e
eo
f
t
e
no
u
to
fo
b
l
i
g
a
t
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o
nb
u
tn
o
t
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
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l
yd
e
s
i
r
e
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
a
t
i
o
n
st
h
a
t
y
o
us
h
a
r
ea
r
e
t
y
p
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c
a
l
l
y f
o
r
mi
d
a
b
l
e b
u
t g
e
n
e
r
a
l
, l
a
c
k
i
n
g a
n
y
s
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g
n
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f
i
c
a
n
t
p
e
r
s
o
n
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l
c
o
n
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e
c
t
i
o
n
.
2
.C
a
s
u
a
l
F
r
i
e
n
d
s
h
i
p
A
sF
L
O
R
Ea
n
dI
g
o
t
t
ok
n
o
we
a
c
ho
t
h
e
r
t
h
emo
r
e,
w
e
d
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
e
dt
h
a
t
w
eh
a
v
es
i
mi
l
a
r
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s.
S
h
ew
a
s
a
c
t
u
a
l
l
y
k
e
e
p
i
n
ga
n
dd
o
i
n
gs
a
met
h
i
n
g
sI
d
i
do
v
e
r
t
h
e
y
e
a
r
s.o
u
rp
a
s
s
i
o
nw
a
s g
e
t
t
i
n
gmo
r
ea
n
dmo
r
e
b
l
e
n
d
i
n
g w
i
t
h e
a
c
h o
t
h
e
r
. D
u
e t
o o
u
rc
o
mmo
n
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
,
w
e
b
e
g
a
nt
oe
n
j
o
y
e
a
c
ho
t
h
e
r
'
s
c
o
mp
a
n
y
a
n
d
s
h
a
r
i
n
go
u
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
30. O
R
U
I
K
O
RG
A
B
R
I
E
L
J
E
R
E
MI
A
H
3
0
P
R
I
N
C
I
P
L
E
SF
O
RMA
I
N
T
A
I
N
I
N
GH
E
A
L
T
H
YR
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
Wh
a
t
i
sac
a
s
u
a
l
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
h
i
p
? A C
a
s
u
a
l
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
h
i
pi
s
f
o
r
me
d w
h
e
n y
o
u d
i
s
c
o
v
e
r y
o
u h
a
v
e c
o
mmo
n
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s w
i
t
h a
n
o
t
h
e
ri
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
.Y
o
u e
n
j
o
y e
a
c
h
o
t
h
e
r
’
sc
o
mp
a
n
ya
n
da
r
eo
nal
e
v
e
l
w
h
e
r
ey
o
ua
r
e
c
o
mf
o
r
t
a
b
l
es
h
a
r
i
n
gp
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
b
u
td
o
n
o
t
s
e
e
mt
og
oo
u
t
o
f
y
o
u
r
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a
y
t
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e
e
e
a
c
h
o
t
h
e
r
.
T
h
eC
a
s
u
a
l
F
r
i
e
n
di
st
h
es
t
a
g
ew
h
e
r
emo
s
tp
e
o
p
l
e
ma
k
ei
t
t
o
.
I
t
i
st
h
es
t
a
g
ew
h
e
r
eap
e
r
s
o
nc
a
na
c
t
u
a
l
l
y
s
a
y
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
k
n
o
wap
e
r
s
o
n
.
D
u
r
i
n
gt
h
i
s
s
t
a
g
e
,
p
e
o
p
l
e
me
e
t
mo
r
ef
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
yt
h
a
na
c
q
u
a
i
n
t
a
n
c
e
s
,
mo
r
et
h
a
n
l
i
k
e
l
y
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e
c
a
u
s
e t
h
e i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
s a
r
e p
l
a
n
n
e
d
.T
h
e
b
o
n
d
i
n
g f
a
c
t
o
ri
n t
h
i
s s
t
a
g
e r
e
v
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l
v
e
s a
r
o
u
n
d t
h
e
f
r
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e
n
d
s
'
c
o
mmo
ni
n
t
e
r
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s
t
sa
n
da
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
i
nt
h
i
ss
t
a
g
e
,
p
e
o
p
l
ea
r
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e
r
s
o
n
a
l
l
yi
n
v
e
s
t
e
di
ne
a
c
h
o
t
h
e
r
;
t
h
e
ya
r
ea
w
a
r
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fe
a
c
ho
t
h
e
r
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sa
c
h
i
e
v
e
me
n
t
s
a
n
dt
h
e
yg
i
v
ep
r
a
i
s
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n
ds
u
p
p
o
r
t
.
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o
w
e
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
ya
r
e
n
o
te
mo
t
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o
n
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l
l
y i
n
v
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s
t
e
d i
n e
a
c
h o
t
h
e
r
.T
h
i
s i
s
34. O
R
U
I
K
O
RG
A
B
R
I
E
L
J
E
R
E
MI
A
H
3
4
P
R
I
N
C
I
P
L
E
SF
O
RMA
I
N
T
A
I
N
I
N
GH
E
A
L
T
H
YR
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
s
e
e
o
r
t
a
l
k
o
np
h
o
n
e
.
Wh
a
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