The document presents an overview of shock as a systemic state of low tissue perfusion affecting cellular respiration, leading to a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. It describes four stages of shock: hypoperfusion, compensatory, decompensatory, and irreversible, highlighting the neuroendocrine responses and mechanisms involved in maintaining organ perfusion. Failure in compensatory mechanisms ultimately results in multi-organ failure due to disrupted cellular metabolism.

1. Presented by
Cadet Linn Htet

2. Shock is a systemic state of low tissue perfusion that is inade quate
for normal cellular respiration.
With insufficient delivery of oxygen and glucose, cells switch from
aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
If perfusion is not restored in a timely fashion, cell death ensues.

3. 1. Stage of hypoperfusion and hypoxia
2. Stage of compensatory shock
3. Stage of decompensatory (progressive) shock
4. Stage of irreversible (refractory) shock

4. Aerobic metabolism changes to anaerobic leading to lactic acidosis
(metabolic acidosis).

5. It is neuroendocrine response to maintain the perfusion of vital
organs likebrain, lungsandheart.
Noradrenaline, renin-angiotensin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
gets activated causing vasoconstriction of organs like gastro-
intestinal, kidney to divert the blood to heart, lungs and brain.

6. Here compensatory mechanism fails; cell perfusion decreases
causing raised intracellular sodium but low intracellular potassium.
Microcirculation fails beginning the failure of kidneys, liver and
lungs.

7. Cellular ATP metabolism is lost completely leading into MODS and
MOF (multiorgan failure).

9. Thank you so much
for your attention.