The document presents an overview of hydrogen fuel cells, detailing their invention, operation, types, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It highlights the environmental benefits of fuel cells and their potential to replace traditional gasoline and diesel vehicles. The conclusion emphasizes the need for ongoing research to reduce costs and improve longevity for widespread adoption in future energy systems.

1. PRESENTATION ON HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
 PREPARED BY:- RAHUL KUMAR
 DEPARTMENT :-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Year – 3rd
(180013095031)

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 The invention of the fuel cell
 Why we need hydrogen fuel cell ?
 How does a fuel cell work
 Types of fuel cell
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Application
 Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
 Hydrogen fuel cell product
 Major organizations working on the hydrogen fuel cell
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
 A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device .
 A fuel cell converts the chemical hydrogen and oxygen into
water and in the process it produces electricity .
 A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a
chemical reaction .
 It is much like a battery that can be recharged while you
are drawing power from it .
 It provides a dc voltage that can be used to power motors ,
lights and any number of electrical appliances .

4. THE INVENTION OF FUEL CELL
“Sir William Grove invented the first
fuel cell in February 1839.
Grove Knew that water could be split into
hydrogen and oxygen by sending an
electric current through it (a process
called electrolysis ).He hypothesized that
by reversing the procedure you could
produce electricity and water .”
SIR William Robert Grove
“ SIR William Robert Grove ”

5. WHY WE NEED HYDROGEN FUEL CELL ?
 Due to energy crisis all over the world .
 Due to the issue of global warming .
 Fuel cell provides an alternate efficient non polluting
power source that produces no noise and no moving part .
Due to the unavailability of different renewable sources at
each and every place due to geographic condition .

6. HOW DOES A FUEL CELL WORK ?
 The process begins when hydrogen molecules enter the
anode .
 The catalyst coating separates hydrogen’s negatively
charged electrons from the positively charged protons .
 The electrolyte allows the protons to pass through to
the cathode and the electrons are directed through an
external circuit which creates electrical current .
 While electrons pass through the external circuit ,
oxygen molecules pass through the cathode .
 The oxygen and the protons combine with the electron
after they have passed through the external circuit .
 When the oxygen and the protons combine with the
electrons it produces water and heat as only exhaust .

7. TYPES OF FUEL CELL
 Molten carbonate fuel cell
 Solid oxide fuel cell
 Bio fuel cell
 Phosphoric acid fuel cell
Alkaline fuel cell

8. MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELL
 molten carbonate fuel cell are high temperature fuel cell that
operate at 600 celsius and above .
 molten carbonate fuel cell are currently being developed for
natural gas ,biogas and coal based power plants for electrical
utility .
 Use in military applications .

9. SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL
This type of fuel cell are flexibility ,low emission and
relatively low cost .
 Due to High operating temperature longer start - up times
.
Use in stationary power generation for home application .

10. BIO FUEL CELL
 It is also know as microbial fuel cell .
 We can generate the electricity by using bacteria
and high energy oxidant such as O2 .
 Use in low power generation .

11. PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELL
It is the type of fuel cell that uses liquid phosphoric acid as
an electrolyte .
They were the first fuel cell to be commercialized .
 PAFC have been used for stationary power generation with
output in the 100KW to 400KW .
 It also finding application in large vehicles such as buses.

12. ALKALINE FUEL CELL
 It is one of the most developed fuel cell technologies .
 It consume hydrogen and pure oxygen to produce
water , heat and electricity .
 NASA has used alkaline fuel cell since the mid –
1960s, in the Apollo – series missions and on the space
shuttle .

13. ADVANTAGES
Hydrogen fuel cell system are environmentally .
High conversion efficiency .
Extremely low emission .
Noise less operation so readily accepted in residential areas .
It has no moving parts .
 availability to use at any location .so less transmission & distribution
losses.
No requirement of cooling tower as conventional plants .
Less space requirement as compared to conventional plants .

14. DISADVANTAGES
Initial cost of installation is higher .
The energy storage of fuel cell is twice than
conventional sources of energy .
Energy produce by one fuel cell is around 0.7 volt.
Low service life .

15. APPLICATION
The application of fuel cell may be discussed in the following areas .
Domestic power .
Power station .
Automotive vehicles .
Several electronic devices.
Fuel cell are also used as primary or backup sources of electricity in many remote
areas .
They have been used to power many space expeditions including the apollo space
program .

16. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLES
HONDA CLARITY fuel
cell car launched by
Honda in 14 December
2017 in India .
HYUNDAI NEXO
FUEL CELL CAR
Launched date - 15
October 2021 in India
TOYOTA MIRAI
fuel cell car
Launched date – 15
December 2021 in
India
Tata motors developed first
hydrogen fuel cell bus in
India .
Launched date – January
2018 .

17. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL PRODUCT
Hydrogen fuel cell Hydrogen fuel cell motorbike
laptop
Hydrogen fuel cell mobile

18. MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS WORKING ON THE
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
Council of scientific & industrial research labs (working on
hydrogen fuel cell cars ).
Indian institute of technology .
Bharat heavy electricals limited (50 – kilowatt phosphoric acid
fuel cell has been developed by BHEL).
National thermal power corporation limited (on February 2021
fuel cell bus service start from Delhi to Jaipur route by NTPC .

19. CONCLUSION
The above discussion prove the existence of huge market for fuel cell.
Fuel cell vehicles will start to replace gas ,petrol and diesel engine
vehicles in future.
Research and development should be aimed at reducing cost and
increasing life for hydrogen fuel cell .
Future cities can be planned on fuel cell system for their power and
energy requirements .