The document discusses ship drag reduction techniques. It summarizes that the International Maritime Organization (IMO) established the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) to improve ship energy efficiency. The EEDI sets minimum efficiency standards for different ship types and sizes. Ship drag arises from various components like viscous drag, wave-making resistance, and air resistance. Developing new methods to reduce ship drag is an active area of research.

1. Ship’s Drag Reduction
Kumar Saurabh (2023AMZ8082)
Dept. of Applied Mechanics
IIT Delhi

2. Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) is an
international regulatory framework that lays
down a minimum energy efficiency level
requirement on commercial shipping, defined
per capacity mile for different ship types and
sizes.
Applicable ship types include tankers, bulk
carriers, gas carriers, general cargo ships,
container ships, refrigerated cargo carriers, and
combination carriers.
EEDI were formulated by IMO as amendments
to its interim guidelines MARPOL (Marine
Pollution) ANNEX VI at in 2011 and enforced
from January 2013 onward.
Therefore, developing new drag reduction
techniques for shipping is an active area of
research worldwide.
Ship Drag Reduction 2
IMO’s Energy Efficiency Design
Index (EEDI)
EEDI

3. COMPONENTS OF
SHIP’s DRAG
Ship Drag Reduction 3
Larsson and Baba (1996)- Decomposition of Ship Resistance
All these resistance components usually
interact and most of them cannot be
measured individually. (Schneekluth
185)

4. VISCOUS DRAG
Ship Drag Reduction 4
Full scale ships move at high Rn, higher %L of Ship moving under
turbulent regime
Model Scale ships move at low Rn, higher %L of model moving under
laminar regime, will give lower estimate of resistance at model scale
Therefore, upon scaling to full scale will lead to under-prediction of total
resistance
Hence, ITTC recommends use of Sand Strips / Studs at appropriate
location on the model

5. VISCOUS DRAG
Ship Drag Reduction 5
Full scale ships move at high Rn, higher %L of Ship moving under turbulent regime
Model Scale ships move at low Rn, higher %L of model moving under laminar regime, will give
lower estimate of resistance at model scale
Therefore, upon scaling to full scale will lead to under-prediction of total resistance
Hence, ITTC recommends use of Sand Strips / Studs at appropriate location on the model

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10. THANK YOU!
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