This document provides a statistical profile and overview of the Black visible minority population in Canada based on data from the 2011 National Household Survey. Some key points: - Nearly 945,700 individuals identified as Black, representing 15.1% of the visible minority population and 2.9% of the total Canadian population. - The Black population is younger on average than other groups, with 27% being under 14 years old. Most Blacks live in urban centers like Toronto and Montreal. - On average, the Black population earns less income and experiences higher unemployment and poverty rates than other Canadians. They are also overrepresented in certain industries and underrepresented at higher levels of education attainment. - A

1. A Pro&ile of Black Visible Minority
in Canada
Source
Sta*s*cs Canada - 2011 Na*onal Household Survey. Catalogue Number 99-010-
X2011038.
“Black-led Businesses In Toronto: Building Opportuni*es for Growth and Prosperity”
Karim Souidi

2. Visible Minority De&inition
• The people who iden,fy themselves as a visible minority
comprise 1 of 4 groups designated under the Employment
Equity Act.
• The Employment Equity Act defines as visible minori,es
'persons, other than Aboriginal persons, who are non-
Caucasian in race or non-white in color.' The visible minority
popula,on consists mainly of the following groups: South
Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, La,n American, Arab,
Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.
• The other three designated groups under the Employment
Equity Act are women, Aboriginal people and people with
disabili,es.

3. Visible Minority Population
• Nearly 6,264,800 people iden,fied themselves as a member
of a visible minority group. They represented 19.1% of the
total popula,on. Of these visible minori,es, 30.9% were born
in Canada and 65.1% were born outside the country and came
to live in Canada as immigrants.
• Combined, the three largest visible minority groups-South
Asians, Chinese and Blacks-accounted for 61.3% of the visible
minority popula,on in 2011.

4. Demographics

5. Black Population by Region
• Just under 945,700 individuals iden,fied themselves as Blacks,
the third largest group. They made up 15.1% of the visible
minority popula,on and 2.9% of the total popula,on.

6. Origins of Black Population
• In 2011, 29.8% of Blacks reported mul,ple ethnic origins. The
top ancestral origins among Blacks were Caribbean and
African such as Jamaican (22.8%), Hai,an (13.9%), Somali
(4.4%) and Trinidadian/Tobagonian (3.7%).
• These origins were reported by Blacks either alone or with
other origins. There were also Blacks who reported Bri,sh
Isles (10.9%), Canadian (10.8%) and French (4.3%) origins.

7. Origin of Black Immigrants
(Continents)

8. Origin of Black Immigrants
(Countries)

9. Black Population by Period of
Immigration
7.7%
16.0%
15.1%
22.4%
38.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Before 1971 1971 to 1980 1981 to 1990 1991 to 2000 2001 to 2011

10. Most blacks lived in urban centers
• Among the Black popula,on, 42.0% lived in Toronto, and
22.9% in Montréal.
• In Montréal, Blacks were the largest visible minority group,
accoun,ng for 28.4% of its visible minority popula,on. Blacks
were followed by Arabs (19.7%) and La,n Americans (12.9%)

11. Black population is young
• Blacks, which had a median age of 29.5 years, were the
youngest visible minority group. Among Blacks, 27.0% were
aged 14 and under, compared with 17.0% of the total
popula,on and 21.5% of the overall visible minority
popula,on.

12. Employment & Income

13. Total labour force aged 15 years and over
by class of worker
94%
6%
89%
11%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Employee Self-employed
Blacks Canada

14. Average Income of Blacks vs. All Canadians
$23,074
$27,810 $27,334
$33,998
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
Median aKer-tax income Average aKer-tax income
Blacks Canada

15. Population aged 15 years and over who worked full
year, full time and with employment income in 2010
$40,794
$47,596 $47,868
$58,129
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Median employment income in 2010 $ Average employment income in 2010 $
Blacks Canada

16. Income Distribution Blacks vs. Canada
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
Blacks Canada

17. Composition of total income in 2010 of
population 15 years and over
Blacks Canada
Composi,on of total income in 2010 of popula,on 15 years and over 100.0% 100.0%
Market income 83.4% 87.6%
Employment income 77.7% 74.7%
Wages and salaries 75.1% 70.3%
Self-employment income 2.6% 4.4%
Investment income 1.3% 4.6%
Re,rement pensions, superannua,on and annui,es 3.2% 6.7%
Other money income 1.3% 1.7%
Government transfer payments 16.6% 12.4%
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits 2.3% 3.5%
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement 2.4% 3.1%
Employment Insurance benefits 2.4% 1.8%
Child benefits 4.0% 1.5%
Other income from government sources 5.5% 2.6%

18. Prevalence of Low Income
(After-Tax)
26%
15%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Blacks Canada

19. Unemployment Rate
12.9%
8.0%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Blacks Canada

20. OccupaQon & EducaQon

21. Total labour force population aged 15 years and over
by industry - (NAICS)
Total labour force populaQon aged 15 years and over by industry - (NAICS) Count Percent
All industries 445,210 100.0%
Health care and social assistance 75,295 16.9%
Retail trade 48,505 10.9%
Manufacturing 38,650 8.7%
Administra,ve and support, waste management and remedia,on services 33,785 7.6%
Accommoda,on and food services 31,110 7.0%
Public administra,on 29,560 6.6%
Transporta,on and warehousing 27,595 6.2%
Educa,onal services 25,240 5.7%
Professional, scien,fic and technical services 23,870 5.4%
Finance and insurance 23,315 5.2%
Other services (except public administra,on) 19,800 4.4%
Wholesale trade 16,540 3.7%
Construc,on 16,290 3.7%
Informa,on and cultural industries 14,130 3.2%
Arts, entertainment and recrea,on 7,720 1.7%
Real estate and rental and leasing 6,580 1.5%
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extrac,on 2,480 0.6%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hun,ng 2,335 0.5%
U,li,es 2,035 0.5%
Management of companies and enterprises 370 0.1%

22. Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest
certi&icate, diploma or degree
Total populaQon aged 25 to 64 years by highest cerQficate, diploma or degree Blacks Canada
Total popula,on aged 25 to 64 years by highest cer,ficate, diploma or degree 100.0% 100.0%
No cer,ficate, diploma or degree 11.6% 12.7%
High school diploma or equivalent 22.0% 23.2%
Postsecondary cer,ficate, diploma or degree 66.3% 64.1%
Appren,ceship or trades cer,ficate or diploma 11.7% 18.8%
College, CEGEP or other non-university cer,ficate or diploma 23.5% 33.2%
University cer,ficate or diploma below bachelor level 6.9% 7.6%
University cer,ficate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 24.2% 25.9%
Bachelor's degree 14.2% 16.5%
University cer,ficate, diploma or degree above bachelor level [42] 10.1% 9.4%

23. Survey on Black-led Businesses in Toronto
(2014)
“Black-led Businesses In Toronto: Building
Opportuni*es for Growth and Prosperity”

24. A study conducted by the Black Business and Professionals
Council Advisory Body of the City of Toronto and co-sponsored
by the City of Toronto
• The survey was held over a number of weeks and resulted in representa,ves
from 242 Black-led businesses responding to the ques,onnaire. Of these
respondents, 133 were located in the city of Toronto.
Survey findings include:
• Black-led businesses in Toronto are predominantly focused on professional
services (32% of respondents), which includes business consul,ng, adver,sing
and legal services. Other industries in which the Black business community is
involved are: arts, entertainment and recrea,on (15%) and educa,onal services
(11%).
• Over half of surveyed Black-owned businesses in Toronto (59% of respondents)
have operated for five years or less, of which 32% have operated for up to two
years.
• Almost half (48% of respondents) are self-employed. Only three businesses
employ more than 100 employees (2%). Therefore, almost all businesses
surveyed are small businesses.

25. • A large majority of Black-led business owners (67% of respondents)
are between the ages of 35 and 54. Young entrepreneurs (ranging
from ages 18 to 34) made up only 19% of total respondents. These
individuals are largely engaged in professional services (28%), arts,
entertainment and recrea,on (14%), and educa,onal services (14%).
• The survey found a higher number of responses from Black female
entrepreneurs (54% of respondents) in Toronto. These women focus
on professional services (29%), arts, entertainment and recrea,on
(15%), and educa,onal services (14%).
• Marke,ng (51% of respondents), networking and learning
opportuni,es (51%) and accessing financing (48%) are the three
most common areas where Black-led businesses need support from
the City of Toronto.

26. THANK YOU