This document outlines the key parties and processes involved in international trade. It discusses importers and exporters, freight forwarders, customs brokers, and international bankers. It also covers important documents like contracts, invoices, certificates of origin, and customs forms. Key terms and concepts around shipping and customs like Incoterms, bonded warehouses, free trade zones, tariffs, and quotas are also defined.

1. PARTIES INVOLVED IN
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
IMPORTER AND EXPORTER
FREIGHT FORWARDER
CUSTOMS BROKER
INTERNATIONAL BANKER
CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS

2. FREIGHT FORWARDERS
 DEAL WITH FREIGHT
 INTERNATIONAL DEALINGS
 SAVE TIME AND MONEY
 AGENT - CARGO FROM ORIGIN TO DESTINATION
 EXTERNAL SHIPPING DEPARTMENT FOR SMALL CO.
 ADVISERS, STRATEGISTS, FREIGHT CARRIERS
 EFFECT PROFIT MARGIN OF FOREIGN SALES

3. CUSTOMS BROKERS
 RESPONSIBLE TO IMPORTER AND GOVERNMENT
 DEPOSIT DUTY AT CUSTOMS
 KNOWLEDGE, HONESTY AND STRICT ATTITUDE TO
PAPERWORK

4. INTERNATIONAL BANKERS
 VISIT THOSE WHO PROVIDE INTERNATIONAL SERVICES
AND HAVE BRANCHES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
 ASK FOR FEES AND LIST OF CHARGES FOR METHODS
OF PAYMENT

5. CONTRACTS
 AGREEMENT ON THE SALE OR PURCHASE OF GOODS
OR SERVICES
 CONTENTS:
 INFO ABOUT SELLER AND BUYER, ITEMS, PRICE
QUANTITY, METHOD OF PAYMENT- CURRENCY-,
PLACE AND DATE OF ISSUING AND AVAILABILITY
 REQUIREMENTS ON DELIVERY, PLACE AND DATE
 REGULATIONS

6. DOCUMENTS
 PRO-FORMA INVOICE - QUOTATIONS
 CONSIDERATIONS:
 TYPE OF MARKET AND GRADE OF SPECIFICATIONS,
BACKGROUND EXPORTER’S BUSINESS AND DURATION
 EXPORT PRICE LIST (EXW PRICES)
 COMMERCIAL INVOICE (OFFICIAL AND KEY DOCUMENT
USED AS EVIDENCE OF VALUE. TERMS OF SALE AND
ORIGIN OF CARGO IMPORTANT. NO SPECIFIC FORMAT)

7. INCOTERMS
 IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS RESPONSIBILITIES
 EXW: BASIC DELIVERY CLAUSE. GOODS AVAILABLE AT
YOUR LOCATION FOR BUYER TO PICK AND TRANSPORT,
PACKED, BANDED AND LABELLED.
 FCA: + LOADING GOODS ON BOARD TRUCK.
 FAS: + TRANSPORTING TO PORT RECEIVED BY AGENT
 FOB: + ARRANGEMENTS SHIPPING BY OCEAN
(WHARFAGE FOR LOADING ON BOARD VESSEL AND
FREIGHT FORWARDER’S BILL)

8. INCOTERMS
 CFR: IF OCEAN FREIGHT INCLUDED AND PAID.
“PREPAID” BASIS NOT “FREIGHT COLLECT”
 CIF: + A MARINE INSURANCE POLICY
 DAP: PREVIOUS TERM “DDU” AND “DAF”
 DAT: PREVIOUS TERMS “DES” AND “DEQ”
 DDP: + DESTINATION INCLUDING DUTY AT
CUSTOMS
 CPT, CIP (FREIGHT, INSURANCE INLAND)

9. CUSTOMS
 CUSTOMS BROKER: AGENT WORKING ALONE OR AS
PART OF A COMPANY.
 TASKS: PAPERWORK, PROVIDING ADVICE, FILLING
DOCUMENTS, DEPOSITING DUTIES, OBTAINING
BONDS, ARRANGING DELIVERY, OBTAINING
DRAWBACK.
 WORK OF CUSTOMS: COLLECT IMPORT-EXPORT
DUTIES AND STATISTICS, ISSUE IMPORT-EXPORT
LICENCES

10. CUSTOMS
 PROCESS: ENTRY FOR COMSUMPTION OR DEPOSITED
IN ….
 BONDED WAREHOUSES WITHIN CUSTOMS TERRITORY
MERCHANDISE PLACED UP TO 5 YEARS WITHOUT
DUTY. CLEANING, REPACKING AND SORTING
 FREE TRADE ZONE OUTSIDE CUSTOMS TERRITORY.
GOODS PAY NO TARIFF OR UNDER GUARANTEE
(BOND) NOT TO ENTER THE DOMESTIC MARKET.
GOODS ALTERED, ASSEMBLED, MANUFACTURED

11. CUSTOMS
 PROCESS: VALUATION TO APPLY TARIFF, INVOICES
USED TO ASSES DUTY AND GOODS EXAMINED TO
DETERMINE SUITABILITY.
 VALIDATION: CHECKING CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS
THROUGH THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SYSTEM -BTN-
(COMMODITY DESCRIPTION AND CODING)
 AUTHORIZATION AFTER CHECKING DOC.
 LIQUIDATION AFTER ACCEPTANCE OF ENTERING.
 BONDS- DRAWBACK- IMPORT QUOTAS
 PREFERENCES: CEILINGS OR TARIFF QUOTAS. DOC
EUR 1 AND FORM A

12. CUSTOMS DOCUMENTS
 IMPORT-EXPORT LICENCES (RESTRICTED GOODS,
ANTIQUES, CULTURAL, HISTORICAL GOODS)
 COMMERCIAL INVOICES- CONSULAR INVOICES
 CERTIFICATES OF ORIGIN
 CUSTOMS ENTRY FORMS
 PHYTOSANITARY CERTIFICATE (CONFORM FOREIGN
QUARANTINE IMPORT REGULATIONS)
 SANITARY CERTIFICATE
 SINGLE ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENT (SAD) BETWEEN
EU AND COUNTRIES OUTSIDE EU. 8 FORMS