This document provides instructions for a group science experiment to determine if carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis. It outlines background information on using iodine solution to test for the presence of starch after photosynthesis, safety precautions, required materials, and the procedure which involves destarching leaves from a plant with exposure to CO2 and one without for 72 hours, then testing both leaves for starch with iodine solution. Students are to complete the experiment, follow formatting guidelines, and include a cover page, references, and contents page. The assignment is due on November 18, 2012 and late submissions will be penalized 10%.
Photosynthesis definition states that the process exclusively takes place in the chloroplasts through photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and xanthophyll. All green plants and a few other autotrophic organisms utilize photosynthesis to synthesize nutrients by using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. The by-product of the photosynthesis process is oxygen.Let us have a detailed look at the process, reaction and importance of photosynthesis.
What Is Photosynthesis in Biology?
The word “photosynthesis” is derived from the Greek words phōs (pronounced: “fos”) and σύνθεσις (pronounced: “synthesis“)Phōs means “light” and σύνθεσις means, “combining together.” This means “combining together with the help of light.”
Photosynthesis also applies to other organisms besides green plants. These include several prokaryotes such as cyanobacteria, purple bacteria and green sulfur bacteria. These organisms exhibit photosynthesis just like green plantsThe glucose produced during photosynthesis is then used to fuel various cellular activities. The by-product of this physio-chemical process is oxygen.
Photosynthesis Reaction
A visual representation of the photosynthesis reaction
Photosynthesis is also used by algae to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Oxygen is liberated as a by-product and light is considered as a major factor to complete the process of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis occurs when plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Leaves contain microscopic cellular organelles known as chloroplasts.
Each chloroplast contains a green-coloured pigment called chlorophyll. Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules whereas carbon dioxide and oxygen enter through the tiny pores of stomata located in the epidermis of leaves.
Another by-product of photosynthesis is sugars such as glucose and fructose.
These sugars are then sent to the roots, stems, leaves, fruits, flowers and seeds. In other words, these sugars are used by the plants as an energy source, which helps them to grow. These sugar molecules then combine with each other to form more complex carbohydrates like cellulose and starch. The cellulose is considered as the structural material that is used in plant cell walls.
Also Read: Photosynthesis in Higher plants
Where Does This Process Occur?
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plants and blue-green algae. All green parts of a plant, including the green stems, green leaves, and sepals – floral parts comprise of chloroplasts – green colour plastids. These cell organelles are present only in plant cells and are located within the mesophyll cells of leaves.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis process requires several factors such as:
Light Intensity: Increased light intensity results in a higher rate of photosynthesis. On the other hand, low light intensity results in a lower rate of photosynthesis.
The concentration of CO2: Higher conce
Week 2 AssignmentAssignment The Stevens Company is converting f.docxmelbruce90096
Week 2 Assignment
Assignment: The Stevens Company is converting from the SQL Server database to the Oracle® database.
Using the sample shown below, create a Risk Information Sheet for at least five risks that might be encountered during the conversion.
Risk Information Sheet
Risk id: PO2-4-32
Date: March 4, 2014
Probability: 80%
Impact: High
Description:
Over 70% of the software components scheduled for reuse will be integrated into the application. The remaining functionality will have to be custom developed.
Refinement/Context:
· Certain reusable components were developed by a third party with no knowledge of internal design standards.
· Certain reusable components have been implemented in a language that is not supported on the target environment.
Mitigation/Monitoring:
· Contact third party to determine conformance to design standards.
· Check to see if language support can be acquired.
Management/Contingency Plan/Trigger:
· Develop a revised schedule assuming that 18 additional components will have to be built.
· Trigger: Mitigation steps unproductive as of March 30, 2014
Current Status:
In process
Originator:
Jane Manager
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<img src="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/52668d02e4b0f593739ec2b6/t/53d13504e4b0d732cf485abd/1406219591452/Plants.gif" alt="Plants.gif" />
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other organisms (i.e. cyanobacteria and algae) convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy. In the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) undergo a series of chemical reactions initiated by light energy to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2).
As sunlight shines down on plants, water is absorbed by the root system of the plant. Water is carried up by an internal plumbing system, known as the vascular tissue, up to the photosynthetic tissue (i.e. the leaves).
In the leaves, water brought up from the vascular tissue absorbs into the photosynthetic leaf cells via simple or facilitated diffusion. Carbon dioxide (a gas) diffuses into the leaf directly through specialized mouth-shaped cells, known as guard cells. The holes made by guard cells are called stomata. Carbon dioxide and water go through a series of chemical reactions in the chloroplasts of plants to produce glucose with oxygen as a byproduct.
In the leaf of the plant, there are several different tissues. The upper and lower most tissues are composed of small, boxed-shaped cells known as the epidermis. These cells excrete a waxy substance on the outside of the epidermis, known as a cuticle. The cuticle’s function is to prevent water loss in plants. Cuticles are so effective at preventing water loss, plants had to develop a mechanism for getting carbon dioxide gas into the leaf. Guard cells are able to open and close .
Photosynthesis definition states that the process exclusively takes place in the chloroplasts through photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and xanthophyll. All green plants and a few other autotrophic organisms utilize photosynthesis to synthesize nutrients by using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. The by-product of the photosynthesis process is oxygen.Let us have a detailed look at the process, reaction and importance of photosynthesis.
What Is Photosynthesis in Biology?
The word “photosynthesis” is derived from the Greek words phōs (pronounced: “fos”) and σύνθεσις (pronounced: “synthesis“)Phōs means “light” and σύνθεσις means, “combining together.” This means “combining together with the help of light.”
Photosynthesis also applies to other organisms besides green plants. These include several prokaryotes such as cyanobacteria, purple bacteria and green sulfur bacteria. These organisms exhibit photosynthesis just like green plantsThe glucose produced during photosynthesis is then used to fuel various cellular activities. The by-product of this physio-chemical process is oxygen.
Photosynthesis Reaction
A visual representation of the photosynthesis reaction
Photosynthesis is also used by algae to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Oxygen is liberated as a by-product and light is considered as a major factor to complete the process of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis occurs when plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Leaves contain microscopic cellular organelles known as chloroplasts.
Each chloroplast contains a green-coloured pigment called chlorophyll. Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules whereas carbon dioxide and oxygen enter through the tiny pores of stomata located in the epidermis of leaves.
Another by-product of photosynthesis is sugars such as glucose and fructose.
These sugars are then sent to the roots, stems, leaves, fruits, flowers and seeds. In other words, these sugars are used by the plants as an energy source, which helps them to grow. These sugar molecules then combine with each other to form more complex carbohydrates like cellulose and starch. The cellulose is considered as the structural material that is used in plant cell walls.
Also Read: Photosynthesis in Higher plants
Where Does This Process Occur?
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plants and blue-green algae. All green parts of a plant, including the green stems, green leaves, and sepals – floral parts comprise of chloroplasts – green colour plastids. These cell organelles are present only in plant cells and are located within the mesophyll cells of leaves.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis process requires several factors such as:
Light Intensity: Increased light intensity results in a higher rate of photosynthesis. On the other hand, low light intensity results in a lower rate of photosynthesis.
The concentration of CO2: Higher conce
Week 2 AssignmentAssignment The Stevens Company is converting f.docxmelbruce90096
Week 2 Assignment
Assignment: The Stevens Company is converting from the SQL Server database to the Oracle® database.
Using the sample shown below, create a Risk Information Sheet for at least five risks that might be encountered during the conversion.
Risk Information Sheet
Risk id: PO2-4-32
Date: March 4, 2014
Probability: 80%
Impact: High
Description:
Over 70% of the software components scheduled for reuse will be integrated into the application. The remaining functionality will have to be custom developed.
Refinement/Context:
· Certain reusable components were developed by a third party with no knowledge of internal design standards.
· Certain reusable components have been implemented in a language that is not supported on the target environment.
Mitigation/Monitoring:
· Contact third party to determine conformance to design standards.
· Check to see if language support can be acquired.
Management/Contingency Plan/Trigger:
· Develop a revised schedule assuming that 18 additional components will have to be built.
· Trigger: Mitigation steps unproductive as of March 30, 2014
Current Status:
In process
Originator:
Jane Manager
· Home
· Lab Primers
· Instructor Portal
· Weird Science
· Search
· Contact info
The Biology Primer
· Home
· Lab Primers
· Instructor Portal
· Weird Science
· Search
· Contact info
· Menu
<img src="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/52668d02e4b0f593739ec2b6/t/53d13504e4b0d732cf485abd/1406219591452/Plants.gif" alt="Plants.gif" />
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other organisms (i.e. cyanobacteria and algae) convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy. In the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) undergo a series of chemical reactions initiated by light energy to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2).
As sunlight shines down on plants, water is absorbed by the root system of the plant. Water is carried up by an internal plumbing system, known as the vascular tissue, up to the photosynthetic tissue (i.e. the leaves).
In the leaves, water brought up from the vascular tissue absorbs into the photosynthetic leaf cells via simple or facilitated diffusion. Carbon dioxide (a gas) diffuses into the leaf directly through specialized mouth-shaped cells, known as guard cells. The holes made by guard cells are called stomata. Carbon dioxide and water go through a series of chemical reactions in the chloroplasts of plants to produce glucose with oxygen as a byproduct.
In the leaf of the plant, there are several different tissues. The upper and lower most tissues are composed of small, boxed-shaped cells known as the epidermis. These cells excrete a waxy substance on the outside of the epidermis, known as a cuticle. The cuticle’s function is to prevent water loss in plants. Cuticles are so effective at preventing water loss, plants had to develop a mechanism for getting carbon dioxide gas into the leaf. Guard cells are able to open and close .
1. UNIT-6 PHOTOSYMTHESIS PRACTICAL’S
To show that dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis
GRADE 10-12.
SEME SECONDARY SCHOOL.
DUE DATE: 18 /11/2012.
GROUP WORK- SELECT (8) MEMBERS.
LIFE SCIENCES.
NOTICE: LATER SUBMITION 10% WOULD BE SUBTRATED
INSTRUCTIONS:
: Cover page
: Please make every effort to type or use a black pen
: 12 Point font (Arial or Time New Roman)
: Use 1.15 spacing
: Please number your pages
: Staple your practical on top of left corner
: Use picture and diagrams
: Colourfully
: Neatness
: List of references (Bibliography)
: Contents page and Index
(50 marks)
1
2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE PRACTICAL.
1. Summary
To determine whether carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis, a test for starch
could be carried out. When iodine solution is stained on the leaf, the green part of
the leaf will turned blue black. This means that starch is present. If starch is present,
the process of photosynthesis has occurred. From the equation above, glucose is
produce in the process of photosynthesis. However, in plants, glucose is converted
to starch. This is because starch is insoluble in water and it is a large molecule,
which cannot diffuse through the cell membranes.
2
3. 1. Safety aspects
Laboratory white coat
Closed shoes
2. Materials
1. One leaf
2. Beaker
3. Hot pot
4. Petri dish
5. Methylated spirits
6. Iodine solution
7. Forceps
8. White tile
3. Procedure
Two leaves were taken from two different plants. One leaf was taken from a potted
plant which was exposed to the atmosphere that contains carbon dioxide. Another
leaf was taken from a plant that was covered with a plastic bag and contains soda
lime that absorbs carbon dioxide.Destarch the plant by placing it in the dark for 72
hours (over a weekend is good). Small plants may be placed in a cupboard; large
plants can be covered by a polythene bag. The entire plant needs to be covered,
otherwise the products of photosynthesis may be translocated from
photosynthesizing parts of the plant to the covered parts of the plant, and the
destarching will be ineffective.
3