Power Point PR B.Inggris 12 Ed. 2019.pptx

•
Offering Services
/Help
•
“May I help you?
”,
“What can I do for
you?”,
“What if?”
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Daftar Isi

Read and practice the following dialog.
Offering Services/Help
Shop assistant : Can I help you find something?
Mawar : Yes. I want to look for a book about making
conversations in Japanese.
Shop assistant : What is the exact title?
Mawar : I don’t know for sure. Can you show me where I
can find such a book?
Shop assistant : It’s on the shelves on the corner in the foreign
language section.
Mawar : O.K., thanks. Is there any discount for every
purchase?
Shop assistant : Yes. This month we offer ten percents discounts
for all items.
Mawar : Great. Then, may I see the catalog?
Shop assistant : Sure. You can use this computer to check our
books.
Mawar : Yes. Thank you.
Shop assistant : Is there anything else I can help, Miss?
Mawar : No, thanks.
Shop assistant : Alright. Happy shopping, Miss.

Answer the following questions based on the previous
dialog.
1. What is the dialog about?
2. Where does the dialog take place?
3. Who are the speakers?
4. Pay attention to the sentences in bold. What do they express?
5. What modals are used in the sentences in bold?

The following are expressions of offering services/help and
the responses.
Offering Services/Help Responding
• May I help you?
• What if I help you carry the bag?
• Can I help you solve the exercise?
• May I check your computer?
• Do you mind if I take you home?
• Do you mind if I make you lunch
tomorrow?
Accepting
• Yes, please.
• Certainly. Thank you.
• No, I don’t mind at all.
Declining
• No, thanks. I can manage it
myself.
• I’m sorry, you may not.
• That would be nice, but I can
handle it myself. Thanks.
Back to Chapter I

“May I help you?”, “What can I do
for you?”, “What if …?”
Function:
To make an offer
Examples:
1. May I help you lift the tables, please?
2. You look very sad. What can I do for you?
3. What if we arrange the books in your room, Sir?
Usage:
“May …?” and “What can …?” use modals.
“May …?”, “What can …?”, and “What if …?” are followed by
sentences with verbs base.

1. Andra : I am going to the computer fair this afternoon.
Karen : Are you going with your friends?
Andra : No.
Karen : ______________________ I went there two days ago, but I
forgot to buy a USB stick.
Andra : ______________________
Karen : Don’t mention it.
2. Aska : Wow, that’s a big suitcase! It must be heavy.
______________________
Gani : ________
3. Lisa : What’s wrong with you, Dian? You look upset!
Dian : I’d like to go to a pharmacy, but my motorcycle’s tire is flat.
Lisa : ________________ I am going to a pharmacy too.
Dian : ________________________
4. Barry : Have you finished your English paper?
Nela : No, I haven’t. My computer is broken, so I haven’t typed it
yet.
Barry : Sorry to hear that. _______________________________
Complete the following dialogs with suitable expressions of offering and responses.
Then, practice the dialogs with a friend.
Sure, I’d love to. Thanks.
What if I accompany you?
Thanks.
I’ll give you a ride.
Let me help you move it.
What a coincidence! Thanks.
If you don’t mind, you may use mine.
May I? Thank you.

Create dialogs based on the following situations.
Then, practice the dialogs with your friends.
Do the exercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 8–12.
1. When you are having a trip and staying in a hotel, you want to go to the
nearest shopping center. You don’t know where it is, so you ask the hotel
receptionist. It’s not very far, but you can go by bus or taxi. You are
reluctant to go for a walk in such a midday. The receptionist offers to call a
taxi for you.
2. When you are hanging out in a mall, you meet a little boy crying. He lost his
mother. You offer to help him find his mother.
3. Your mother is making a cake. She has almost finished, except for the
toppings. You offer to help her.
4. Your friend’s brother is suffering from dengue fever and he needs blood
transfusion. Your friend asks you about your blood type, but you have a
different blood type. You offer help to find a person with a similar blood
type.

If conditionals foll
owed by instructi
ons or suggestion
s
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Daftar Isi

Work in groups of three.
What words come into your mind when you hear ‘vacation’?
Share your work with the class.
Do the activities in your PR Bahasa Inggris page 19–
22.
mountain
relax
park
beach
waterfall
scenery
happy
museum

Yudi : Hi, Anneke. I’m going to backpack to Singapore for three days next
holiday. Do you have any suggestions? You have ever visited Singapore,
haven’t you?
Anneke : Well, the most important thing is that if you visit Singapore, don’t
litter. Otherwise, you will be fined. Second, if you’d like to visit its tourist
attractions, please prepare your stamina.
Yudi : Why?
Anneke : To reach those places, you have to walk for long distances from
the train or bus stations.
Yudi : I see. Anything else?
Anneke : Yes. If you are going to explore the country by public
transportation, buy a Singapore tourist pass. You can buy it at Changi
Airport. If you want to buy tickets, board on buses and MRT, or even buy
food, please stand in line. Queuing has become Singaporeans’ habits.
Yudi : What about taking the MRT?
Anneke : If you want to board the MRT, you have to queue on the edge of
the entrance gate. If the train is crowded, you’d better stand up although
two seats on every row are vacant. These reserved seats are for elder or
disable people.
Yudi : Thank you for reminding me of this. It’s very important.
Practice the following dialog.
Pay attention to the sentences in bold.

Pay attention to the following sentences.
1. If you visit Singapore, don’t litter.
2. If you’d like to visit its tourist attractions, please prepare your stamina.
3. If you are going to explore the country by public transportation, buy a Singapore
tourist pass.
Those sentences are used to order or give suggestions in conditional sentences.
Conditional sentences have different purposes. Read the following examples.
Do the activities in your PR Bahasa Inggris
page 24–34.
Back Chapter to II
If Conditionals Followed by
Imperatives/Suggestions
Pattern Sentences
If clause + an imperative If you are going to explore the country by public transportation, buy a
Singapore tourist pass.
If clause + a suggestion If you visit Singapore, you may not litter.
If clause + a general truth If you don’t bring any beverages during your tour, you will be thirsty.
If clause + a reminder If you’d like to visit its tourist attractions, you must prepare your
stamina.
If clause + a dream/wish If you have spare money, you can buy delicious chocolate as souvenirs.

Captions Related to
Pictures/Tables/ G
raphs/Diagrams
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Daftar Isi

Look at the following pictures.
Captions Related to Pictures/Tables/Graphs/Diagrams
1 2
3

Complete the following table based on the pictures
on the previous slide.
Element Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3
Content
Purpose
Target readers
Characteristics
Type of text

Read and understand the following information.
Picture 2 is an example of a caption.
Definition:
A title, short explanation or description accompanying an illustration or
a photograph
The form:
A piece of text appearing on a cinema or television screen as part of
a film or broadcast, titles or headings of legal documents, or articles in
magazines
Now, discuss the criteria of a good caption.
If you want to learn more about captions, you can log on to
https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/7-tips-for-creating-engaging-
social-media-captions/523897/
.

Read the captions.
What is the message of each?
2
Do the activity in your PR Bahasa Inggris on page 43.
1
DON’T GIVE UP!
The beginning is
always
the hardest.
Life rewards those
who work hard at
it. You get a limited number
of chances in life
to do something big.
When they come,
take them.

Read and understand the following caption.
In pairs, create a conversation about the caption.
Use the clues as the guideline.
Do the activities in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 46-48.
You have the patience,
the strength, and the passion
to achieve your ambitions,
your goals and your dreams.
All you need to do is
TRY.
Clues:
1. The opinions about athe caption. Is it bad or good. Why?
2. The message of the caption.
Back to Chapter III

Special Texts
in the Form of J
ob Application
Letters
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Daftar Isi

Job Application Letter
Read the following form.

Answer the following questions based on the previous text.
1. Who was the application letter addressed to?
2. Who wrote the letter?
3. Why did the applicant write the letter?
4. What position did the applicant apply for?
5. How did the applicant get the information about the job vacancy?
6. What is the applicant’s educational background?
7. How did the applicant gain his practical automotive skills?
8. What is the applicant’s competence?
9. Why does the position suit the applicant?
10. What is the applicant ready for?

a. vacancy b. under pressure c. chance
d. Personnel Manager e. sincerely f. requirements
g. graduated h. hardworking i. proficient
j. transcript k. skills l. vacant
Personal Manager
vacancy
requirements
graduated
skills
under pressure
proficient
hardworking
chance
sincerely
Complete the following letter with suitable words.

Passive Voice
Example:
I can be reached by phone or e-mail any
time.
The active sentence:
You can reach me by phone or e-mail any
time.
A sentence is passive when the subject is the receiver of the action.
Subject + be + past participle + object/complement
When changing active sentences into passive ones, note the following:
1. The subject of an active sentence becomes the object of its passive
form, usually preceded by the preposition “by”.
2. The object of an active sentence becomes the subject of its passive
form.
3. The verb is changed into be + past participle (Verb 3). The forms of
“be” depend on the tenses and subjects of the sentence, whether
they are singular or plural.
4. You don’t have to mention the “by” agent when it’s not important.
Read the following information.

knowledge about products.
object
discovers
verb
by Research and Development.
object
Knowledge about products
subject
1. The products are improved (by this department).
Research and Development
subject
is discovered
verb
2. It also creates new products.
(by it).
object
are also created
verb
New products
subject
The department
subject
improves
verb
the products.
object
Change the following sentences into active/passive.
Study the changes below.
Do the activities in your PR Bahasa Inggris on page 60.

Resumes/CV
What is the difference?
Do the activities in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 63─66.
Back to Chapter IV

•
News Item Te
xts
•
Direct and Ind
irect Speech
Back to
Daftar Isi
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/?action=click&contentCollection=
undefined&region=TopBar&module=HomePage-Title&pgtype =collection
(April 16, 2019)

News Item Text
One of the world’s rarest turtles, a Yangtze giant softshell, has died in
China, leaving just three remaining.
Also known as Rafetus Swinhoei, the female turtle died in the Suzhou zoo
in southern China.
Experts had tried to artificially inseminate the creature, which was over 90
years old, for a fifth time shortly before she died.
The species is critically endangered due to hunting, overfishing, and the
destruction of its habitat.
One male is left in the Chinese zoo while two other turtles live in the wild
in Vietnam. The elusive nature of the turtle means it has been difficult to identify the
latter’s gender.
Local staff and international experts had attempted to artificially
inseminate the female 24 hours before she died.
They said, “There were no complications from the operation and she had
been in fine health after the procedure, but deteriorated the next day.”
The cause of her death is being investigated and the turtle’s ovarian tissue
was collected for future research.
Adopted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47932731 (April 15, 2019)
One of Four Remaining Yangtze Turtles Dies in China
Read the following text.

1. What is the purpose of the text?
2. What is the text about?
3. Who were involved?
4. Where did the event occur?
5. Why did it occur?
6. What is the first paragraph about?
7. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
8. What is the purpose of the rest paragraphs?
9. Why is there a sentence written between the quotation
marks (paragraph 7)? What do you call such a sentences?
10. What tense is mostly used in the text? Why does it use the
tense?
Answer the following questions based on the text.

Study the following structure of a news item text on the
following slide.
PURPOSE
To inform readers or listeners about events of the day. The events are
considered newsworthy or important.
STRUCTURE
• Headline : the tittle of
the news
• Summary of events : the
elaboration of what happened, to whom
and in what circumstance
• Quotes : the exact words that
people have said or written in the news
News Item Text

The following is the information from the previous text,
dealing with the structure of a news item text.
Parts of the Text Information from the Text
Headline One of Four Remaining Yangtze Turtles Dies in China
Summary of
Events
Who? A Yangtze giant softshell, one of the world’s rarest turtles.
What? A Yangtze giant softshell has died in China.
Where? In the Suzhou zoo in southern China
When?
24 hours after local staff and international experts had
attempted to artificially inseminate the female turtle.
Why? The cause of her death is being investigated.
Quotes
They said, “There were no complications from the operation
and she had been in fine health after the procedure, but
deteriorated the next day.”
Study the identification of its text structure in your PR Bahasa Inggris
on pages 85–86.
Back to Chapter V

Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Cindy says, “I like ice cream.” Cindy says that she likes ice cream.
Leon said, “I am living in Surabaya.” Leon said that he was living in Surabaya.
Mr. Dodit said, “I bought a car yesterday.”
Mr. Dodit said that he had bought a car the day
before.
Read the following sentences.
Study the changes of the sentences, from direct into indirect speech.
What can you conclude?
1. Change the subject in the reported clause based on the speaker, such as
'Cindy' into 'she'.
2. If the reporting verb is in present tense (say, tell, state, remark, explain), we
don't change the tense in the indirect/reported speech.
3. If the reporting verb is in past tense, we usually change the tense in the
indirect/reported speech.
4. Change the adverbs of time and places (yesterday, the day before).
For further information about how to change direct into indirect speech,
open your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 86–87.

Change the following direct sentences into indirect ones.
1. Amel said, “I know his name and address.”
2. She told me, “Please wait here until I return.”
3. The stuntman told the audience, “Don’t try this at home.”
4. Ernez asked me, “Do you understand the rules of the game?”
5. Mr. Gandung said, “I’ve been working here since I was 25.”
6. The teacher said, “The students are listening to me carefully.”
7. Dini and Arya asked us, “Are you going anywhere at the weekend?”
8. The students said, “We haven’t been to the art gallery for a long time.”
9. My manager asked, “Will you be able to present the monthly report
tomorrow?”
10. An eye witness told the inquiry, “At the time of the accident, the train was
traveling at about 20 kph.”

Read the following texts.
Biodiesel Fuel: Alternative for a Green Tomorrow
Biodiesel in simple words is an advanced form of Biofuel. It refers to an animal
or vegetable fat based renewable fuel, made up of a long chain of chemical compounds
like propyl, ethyl, methyl, etc. Created by chemically treating vegetable oil or animal fat
with alcohol generating compounds, biodiesel is believed to be the revolution that is
helping several countries overcome their dependency on diesel. It can be operated in any
diesel engine with little or no modification to the engine or the fuel system.
Biodiesel is a solution for our green concerns. The emissions are lower as
compared to those from diesel (petroleum). A detailed explanation would state that
biodiesel, reduces unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and other gases as
compared to petroleum diesel. In the United States of America, it is produced on a large
scale in a bid to reduce dependency on other countries for oil needs. This had led to
several green jobs being created and has also contributed to the economy.
It produces less carbon output and few pollutants than traditional petroleum
products. When compared to petroleum diesel, biodiesel produces less soot (particulate
matter), carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide. Pollution from oil
causes more air pollution and many people fall sick every day. With the use of biodiesel,
people have got huge health benefits as they need to spend less money on healthcare
products.
So, what can you conclude about biodiesel? I think it is really alternative fuel
for our green concerns in the future.
Adopted from: https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/what-is-biodiesel.php (April 18, 2019)
Text 1

Text 2
Agriculture Ministry Launches Trial for B100 Biodiesel Fuel
The Agriculture Ministry started on Monday the trial period for the use of 100-
percent biodiesel (B100) of fuel that uses fatty acid methyl ester from crude palm oil
(CPO) in a move that expands its reach within the domestic palm oil market and reduces
the dependency on imported fossil fuels.
Agriculture Minister Amran Sulaiman said during the event that the trial would
involve 50 of the ministry’s official cars and tractors.
He said B100 fuel allowed vehicles to travel 13.1 kilometers per liter, which was
more efficient than using Solar-branded fossil fuels that limited travel to 9.6 kilometers
per liter.
In early testing, cars that used B100 fuel could travel 6,000 kilometers in total,
he added.
The ministry also began discussing the possible mass production of B100 fuel
with state-owned enterprises and private companies. Amran estimated the commercial
price of B100 to be around Rp 8,000 (57 US cents) per liter.
“Users should not only think about cutting costs, but they have also to think
about protecting the environment. B100 produces less pollution than diesel [fossil] fuels,”
he said on the sidelines of the launch.
Amran expressed hope that the widespread use of B100 could be implemented
to cut imports of fossil fuels and boost the domestic use of CPO amid the European
Union’s campaign against the commodity.
Adopted from: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/04/15/agriculture-ministry-launches-trial-for-b100-biodiesel-
fuel.html (April 15, 2019)

Compare the two previous texts.
Identify the social functions, text structures, and language features of
each text.
Aspect Text 1 Text 2
Purpose
Text structure
Language
features

Complete the following table based on the news item text on
the previous slide.
Parts of the Text Information from the Text
Headline
Summary of
Events
Who?
What?
Where?
When?
Why?
Quotes
To check your understanding about news item texts, do the
activities in your PR Bahasa Inggris on pages 91–94.
Back to Chapter V

•
News Item Tex
ts
•
Present Perfec
t Tense
Back to
Daftar Isi

News Item Texts
Indonesia Floods: Dozens Dead in Papua Province
At least 73 people have been dead and more than 60 are missing in
flash floods in Indonesia’s eastern province of Papua.
Rescue workers are struggling to reach remote parts of the province,
and there are fears the number of dead may rise. Roads have been
blocked by landslides and fallen trees, and floodwaters have damaged two
bridges and more than 100 houses.
More than 4,000 people have been forced from their homes, and some
are sheltering in government offices.
Local residents said torrential rain began on Saturday evening and
continued into the night, triggering mudslides and flash floods.
Continue reading in the next slide.

“Our house was flooded with thick mud. We immediately grabbed our
valuables and ran to a neighbor’s [two-storey] house to seek refuge,”
mother-of-two Lili Puji Hastuti told AFP news agency. “It’s hard to get out
of the area because many roads are blocked. I’m worried, sad, and scared
all at once.”
The search for victims continues in the town of Sentani, one of the
worst affected areas. At least 51 people were killed in the town, national
disaster agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho told Reuters news
agency.
Another seven confirmed deaths were in the nearby provincial capital
Jayapura, Mr. Nugroho added.
However, a five-month-old baby was rescued in the city after being
trapped under the rubble for hours, according to the military. The baby
was later reunited with his family. His father survived but his mother’s
whereabouts is unknown.
Adopted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47602836 (April 10, 2019)

3. Where can you find such a text?
4. What is such a text called?
5. What elements does the text have?
6. What makes the news in the text credible?

Generic structure:
1. Headline : the tittle of the
news;
2. Summary of events : the
elaboration of what happened, to whom,
and in what circumstance;
3. Quotes : the exact words that
people have said or written in the news.
The previous text is a news item text.
Purpose:
To inform listeners or readers about events of the day. The events
are considered newsworthy or important.
Back to Chapter VI

Present Perfect Tense
Function:
To indicate a link between the present and the past. The
time of the action is before now, and we are often more interested in the result
than in the action itself.
Usage and Examples:
• An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.
Example: I have lived in Lombok since 1984.
• An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.
Example: She has been to the cinema twice this week.
• A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now.
Example: We have visited Jakarta several times.
• An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by ‘just’.
Example: I have just finished my work.
• An action when the time is not important.
Example: He has read ‘War and Peace’.
Pattern:
has/have + past participle

New Species of Ancient Human Discovered in Philippines Cave
A new species of ancient human, thought to have been under 4ft tall and adapted
to climbing trees, has been discovered in the Philippines, providing a twist in the story
of human evolution.
The specimen, named Homo Luzonensis, was excavated from Callao cave on Luzon
island in the northern Philippines and has been dated to 50,000-67,000 years ago –
when our own ancestors and the Neanderthals were spreading across Europe and into
Asia.
Florent Détroit, of the Natural History Museum in Paris and the paper’s first author,
said, “The discovery provided the latest challenge to the fairly straightforward
prevalent narrative of human evolution.”
It was once thought that no humans left Africa until about 1.5 million years ago,
when a large-bodied ancient human called Homo erectus set off on a dispersal that
ultimately allowed it to occupy territory spanning Africa and Spain, China and
Indonesia.
“We now know that it was a much more complex evolutionary history, with several
distinct species contemporaneous with Homo sapiens, interbreeding events,
extinctions,” said Détroit. “Homo Luzonensis is one of those species and we will
[increasingly see] that a few thousand years back in time, Homo sapiens was definitely
not alone on Earth.”

The excavation did not yield a complete skeleton: seven teeth, two hand bones,
three foot bones, and one thigh bone were found, thought to belong to two adults
and one child. Nevertheless, the fossils provide intriguing clues to the appearance
and lifestyle of Homo Luzonensis.
The tiny teeth suggest the human would have been shorter than 4ft tall – possibly
even shorter than another ancient species, Homo floresiensis, sometimes called the
“hobbit”, also found in south-east Asia and dating to about the same period. Most
intriguing was the presence of a curved toe bone, which closely resembled the
anatomy of far more ancient species such as Australopithecus, known only in Africa.
Normally this anatomy would indicate a mixed lifestyle with an ability to walk on
two legs and climb trees. One possibility is that this primitive trait reappeared once
the species had become isolated on the island. “Maybe the way they were walking
was distinct,” said Détroit. “This is something we plan to work on in the near future.”
It is not known whether the new species, along with the ‘hobbit’, represents
earlier dispersals from Africa than Homo erectus, or whether they are descendants
who later shrank and evolved new anatomical traits.
Another mystery is how they arrived at Luzon, a large island that has never been
connected to the mainland by a land bridge. One possibility is that the early humans
set out to sea intentionally on some form of raft; another is that they were washed
there in relatively large numbers due to a natural event such as a tsunami.
Adopted from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/apr/10/new-species-of-ancient-human-homo-
luzonensis-discovered-in-philippines-cave (April 11, 2019)

Complete the following table based on the previous text.
Main event
Participants
Location
Source of News
Statement(s)
from the source

Work in pairs.
Write a news item text based on the following outline.
Main event A discount for LPG Bright Gas
Participants Pertamina
Time April 21-22 (in commemoration of Kartini Day)
Source of News Fajriyah Usman, Pertamina corporate communication vice
president
Statement(s)
from the source
– “The amount is limited at 2,100 canisters each day, while
each customer is limited to two canisters,” said Pertamina
corporate communication vice president Fajriyah Usman in
a statement.
– She said, “Refills of LPG Bright Gas canisters were also
eligible for the discount. The discount was available in
areas located no farther than 60 kilometers from refill
stations.”
– Fajriyah said, “Orders needed to placed ahead of time for
the discount offer through its call center 135, hotline
(Pertamina 1-500-000) or email pcc@pertamina.com.

•Spoken and
Written Ne
ws Item Tex
ts
•Nouns Endi
ng with - io
n
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Daftar Isi

Global Warming Disrupts Recovery of Coral Reefs
The damage caused to the Great Barrier Reef by global warming has compromised
the capacity of corals to recover, according to new research published today in Nature.
Professor Terry Hughes, Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef
Studies at James Cook University (JCU), said dead corals don’t make babies. The number
of new corals settling on the Great Barrier Reef has declined by 89 percent following the
unprecedented loss of adult corals from global warming in 2016 and 2017.
The unique study measured how many adult corals survived along the length of the
world’s largest reef system following extreme heat stress, and how many new corals they
produced to replenish the Great Barrier Reef in 2018. The loss of adults resulted in a crash
in coral replenishment compared to levels measured in previous years before mass coral
bleaching.
Co-author, Professor Andrew Baird, said the number of coral larvae that are produced
each year, and where they travel to before settling on a reef, are vital components of the
resilience of the Great Barrier Reef. Our study shows that reef resilience is now severely
compromised by global warming.
So far, the Great Barrier Reef has experienced four mass bleaching events due to
global warming, in 1998, 2002, and back-to-back in 2016 and 2017. Scientists predict that
the gap between pairs of coral bleaching events will continue to shrink as global warming
intensifies.
Hughes said there’s only one way to fix this problem and that’s to tackle the root cause
of global heating by reducing net greenhouse gas emissions to zero as quickly as possible.
Adopted from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190403135052.htm (April 6, 2019)
Written News Item Text

Answer the following questions.
2. How does global warming disrupt coral reefs?
3. What did Professor Hughes say about dead corals?
4. What did Professor Hughes’ study measure about?
5. What was the result of the study?
Do the excercises in your PR Bahasa Inggris on page 122

The previous text is a news item in written form.
• newsworthy event(s) which relate(s) the event(s) in a
summary form;
• background events which elaborate what happened,
to whom and in what circumstances; and
• sources which admit comments from participants,
eyewitnesses or authorities on the events.
The structure of a news item text consists of:
Function:
To inform the readers about events of the day which are
considered newsworthy or important.
Back to Chapter VII

Nouns Ending with -ion
Read the sentences and study the words in bold.
1. Recently, the start up company did a collaboration with Indonesian Charm
Generation (GenPI) ....
2. Don Kardono, tourism minister’s special staff in media and communication, ....
The words in bold are nouns which are formed by verbs added with suffix
–ion. It shows an act, a process, state or condition. The word
‘collaboration’ is formed by the verb ‘collaborate’ + –ion and ‘communication’ is
formed by the verb ‘communicate’ + –ion.
Here are other examples of nouns formed by verbs + –ion.
action
addition
calculation
calibration
degeneration
discussion
election
elevation
fusion
fruition
graduation
hesitation
implementation
mediation
navigation
operation
plantation
reaction
separation

Read the text.
Underline the nouns ending with –ion.
Good afternoon, everyone. This is 101.1 FM Coffee Break with your host, Naya Indriani, bringing you the
newest updates of our nation. Without wasting any more time, let’s start with our news.
Finally, after waiting for a quite long time, the new Jakarta MRT or Mass Rapid Transit has operated. Jakarta
has begun the commercial operation of its first metro line, with many hoping it will ease the notorious traffic in
our capital. The new line is the first phase of a larger MRT project, covering a 16km route so far. It follows two
weeks of a trial run where people could use the trains for free.
Hopefully, this can cover other public transport initiatives’ failure to ease traffic, as most people still use
private vehicles.
The new MRT is a significant step for Indonesia’s capital where there have been discussions about an
underground metro dating back to 1985. The second phase is expected to be completed in 2024 with
additional extensions planned for later.
As we know, before the launch of the MRT, Jakarta already had public transport systems in operation, such
as the Trans Jakarta bus rapid transit and a commuter train. However, those mass transport systems have
failed to become the first option for Jakarta residents. Only 20% of Jakarta’s population use public
transportation for their daily commute.
According to director of Jakarta’s new MRT, shifting people from private cars to the MRT will be a real
challenge. He also urges the Jakarta metropolitan government to issue several regulations that will force
residents to leave their cars and motorbikes at home. In other words, Jakarta’s metro cannot be the only
solution to the heavy traffic problems. Parking tariffs and car sales tax should be increased, and there should
be a toll road system.
I personally welcome the new MRT system. What are your opinions about them? Is it beneficial or will it add
more problems to Jakarta? Leave your comments on twitter @101.1 FMCoffeeBreak. Thank you.
Adopted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47769724?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cmj34zmw7vmt/
indonesia&link_location=live-reporting-story (April 6, 2019)

Answer the following questions based on the text, orally.
1. Who is Naya Indriani?
2. What is the name of the program?
3. What is the topic of the news?
4. What is expected from the new MRT?
5. What is the purpose by giving free ride for the first two
weeks?

The world’s most endangered orangutans could be pushed towards extinction
after an Indonesian court approved a controversial dam project, say campaigners.
The 22 trillion rupiah (£1.15bn; $1.5bn) dam will be built in North Sumatra’s
Batang Toru forest.
The region is home to the Tapanuli orangutans, which were only identified as a
new species in 2017. Only 800 of them remain in the wild and they all live in this
ecosystem.
One scientist, who acted as an expert witness in the case, said that the move
would “put the orangutans on a firm path to extinction”.
The billion-dollar hydropower dam, scheduled for completion in 2022, will be
constructed in the heart of the Batang Toru rainforest, which is also home to agile
gibbons and Sumatran tigers.
Read the news carefully.
Present the news using your own words.
Act like a radio broadcaster.

It is expected to supply electricity to the North Sumatra province and will be
operated by Indonesian firm PT North Sumatra Hydro Energy. The company said
the 510-megawatt dam would provide clean electricity to the region.
Environmental group the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi) had
earlier this year filed a lawsuit against the North Sumatra administration,
challenging its decision to green-light the project.
But the Medan State Administrative Court in North Sumatra has now rejected
the lawsuit, clearing the way for the dam to be built.
Adopted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47451354?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cmj34zmw7vmt/
indonesia&link_location=live-reporting-story (April 6, 2016)
Back to Chapter VII

Procedural Texts:
Recipes
Back to
Daftar Isi

Procedural Text
What is the text about?
Do you want to make a simple breakfast from bread
and fruit? You can make a toast with berries. Just follow
these steps.
First of all, prepare the ingredients. You need three
eggs, a half cup of cup milk, thirty grams of sugar, thirty
grams of butter, six slices of white bread, two cups of
mixed frozen berries, thawed them, and icing sugar.
Now, let’s make it. First, beat the eggs with the milk and sugar. Then,
heat the butter in a frying pan until it is bubbling. Next, dip the bread into
the egg mixture and fry in batches for two to three minutes on each side
until golden brown. After that, slice the bread in half diagonally and place
on serving plates. Last, spoon over the mixed berries and dust with the
icing sugar.
That’s quite easy, right? So, try the recipe!
Adopted from: igloobooks, 30 Minute Meals Over 100 Recipes, Sywell, Igloo Books Ltd, 2013.

1. What is the text called?
3. What are the elements of the text?
4. What are the language features of the text?

Procedural Text Related to a Recipe
The purpose: Describing how to make an item or cook food through a
sequence of actions or steps.
The structure:
• The goal/aim, which is usually the title of the text or stated at the
opening paragraph;
• A list of ingredients or materials, which are needed in conducting the
procedure;
• The steps or methods to be followed in conducting the procedure.
The language feature:
• Use imperative sentences, such as “Warm the tortillas in the oven
for a few minutes.”; “Remove from the oven.”,
• Use time orders or sequencers, such as first, next, then,
after that, finally.

Do the rest exercises in your
PR Bahasa Inggris on pages
142–143.
Back to Chapter VIII
Look at the picture.
Write a recipe that you know using the main ingredient in the picture.

•
Procedural T
exts
•
Imperative S
entences
•
Adverbial Ph
rases
Back to
Daftar Isi

Procedural Texts
How to Clean a Fish Pond
Having a garden fish pond is awesome, but cleaning pond water can be a huge struggle. The
following are several tips on how to keep your pond clean.
You’ll need the materials below.
• Pond cleaning net
• 5 gallon bucket
• Rubber gloves (optional)
• Large container or bucket (if removing the fish)
Follow the steps below.
1. Skim the water surface.
Use your pond cleaning net to skim the top of the water, remove any
floating leaves and other debris from the top of the water.
2. Remove the pump, plants, and decorations.
Removing the pump (be sure to unplug it first) as well as any plants and
decorations from the pond will make it much easier to clean the sides and bottom. At this
time it’s also a good idea to remove any dead leaves from your pond plants.
3. Remove the fish (optional).
Again, this is a totally optional step. If the water is really dirty, smells bad, or
there’s a lot of muck on the bottom, then I would recommend removing the fish before
you start the next step. For light pond cleaning, you can just leave the fish in the pond and safely
skip this step.

4. Clean the bottom of the pond.
To clean the bottom of the pond, use a pond net. Simply
drudge the bottom of the pond, and scoop out all of the leaves and muck that you can. Be sure
to get into all the corners and clean off all any plant shelves, too. You could also try using a
small pond vacuum cleaner or pool skimmer if you have one available to you.
5. Remove overgrowth of algae.
Most pond water algae is beneficial to the fish and the pond
ecosystem. But, if there is an overgrowth of algae, then you’ll want to clean some of that out. A
basic toilet brush works great to clean the sides of the pond when algae overgrowth becomes a
problem.
6. Clean the pond pump and filter.
Clean all of the debris out of the pond pump and filter. It’s a
good idea to fill a 5 gallon bucket with pond water (or use rainwater) to rinse the pump and
filter rather than chlorinated water from the garden hose. Otherwise, the chlorine will kill
beneficial bacteria. You can simply fill up a small bucket with pond water and use it to rinse the
pump and filter. However, if you’re in a hurry, you can just use the hose to give your pond filter
a quick rinse.
7. Put everything back in the pond.
Now that you’re done cleaning the pond, you can put the
pump, plants, decorations, and fish back into the water. If you drained the pond to clean it and
filled it back up with chlorinated water, be sure to let it sit for at least 24 hours before putting
the fish back into it. Chlorinated water will kill your fish and you don’t want that to happen.
Adopted from: https://getbusygardening.com/fish-pond-cleaning/ (April 23, 2019)

2. Why is the text written?
3. What verbs are mostly used in the text? Why does the text
use such verbs?
4. What elements does the text have?
5. How many steps are mentioned in the text?

Generic Structure:
• Goal: describing the name of the
procedure to be
carried out.
• Materials: describing lists of objects which are
needed
(optional).
• Steps: describing the methods or steps to
follow.
The previous text is a procedural text.
Purpose:
To describe how an activity is done or how an object is made
through a sequence of actions or steps.
Back to Chapter IX

Imperative Sentences
Examples:
1. Follow the steps below.
2. Skim the water surface.
3. Remove the pump, plants, and decorations.
4. Remove the fish (optional).
5. Clean the bottom of the pond.
6. Remove overgrowth of algae.
7. Clean the pond pump and filter.
8. Put everything back in the pond.
Pattern:
Verb base + complement
Function:
To give an order or command
Back to Chapter IX

Adverbial Phrases
Definition:
An adverbial phrase is simply a group of two or more words that
functions as an adverb in a sentence. Just as an adverb can modify a verb,
adjective, or another adverb, an adverb phrase of more than one word
can further describe a verb, adverb, or adjective.
Here are the types and examples of adverbial phrases.
Type Adverbial Phrase Sentence
Manner with a rolling pin Mother flats the dough with a rolling pin.
Place next door The man who lives next door is our new neighbor.
Time before Tuesday The students should submit their work before
Tuesday.
Frequency every week Arman visits his grandma every week.
Purpose for his sister,
to buy a laptop
computer
Denny bought a dress for his sister.
Leo saves his pocket money to buy
a laptop computer.
Back to Chapter IX

Identify the structure of the following text.
How to Take Care of Batik
We believe that batik is a process which requires time, energy, and high sense of art to deliver
one piece of batik fabric. Since it is an art piece, special treatments are required. You need to
prepare special soap for batik called lerak or baby shampoo, a washing machine, but it is optional,
and an iron. Pay attention to the following tips for washing batik.
First, separate the darker-colored pieces from lighter-colored ones. Then, wash your batik with
hand wash method using special soap for batik or baby shampoo for best result. For dolls, wallets
and bags, wash on the dirty area only. You may wash your batik with a washing machine, but select
delicate or gentle cycle and use cold water. However, for the first phase of washing the fabric, please
wash by hand.
When washing, you also may not use chlorine bleach, strong detergents, or brighteners. These
chemicals will destroy the wax of the batik. Of course, you don’t want it happen to your precious
batik. You have to remember that you also may not wring or twist the batik to squeeze out the
water.
After that, continue with drying process. For drying process, line drying is recommended. Avoid
direct sunlight and hang to dry in a shady area inside out because the direct sunlight will damage
your batik. When you use a machine dryer, it should be low heat setting and not over dry.
Next, iron your batik. You should also pay attention when ironing. Use warm iron setting and
iron them when still little damp for best result.
Those are the tips for batik treatments, so you will have long lasting batik. That’s quite easy to
maintain your valuable batik. Have a try!
Adopted from: http://www.sweetbatik.com/p/washing-instructions.html (April 24, 2019)

Choose one of the following situations.
Find information related to the chosen situation from the books, the
Internet, or other sources.
Write a procedural text based on the situation.
1. Your friend is going to buy items from an online shop. It is his/her first
experience. Give him/her tips to shop safely.
2. Your friend likes spicy food. However, chilies are occasionally very costly.
He/She wants to grow chili plants in his/her garden. Inform him/her on
how to plant chilies.
3. Your friend has acne on his/her face which makes him/her unconfident.
Help him/her overcome his/her problem.
4. Your friend is overweight. He/She wants to shape his/her body. Give
him/her tips to loose his/her weight.
Back to Chapter IX

• Procedure Text
s
• Adverbial Phras
e
• Imperative Sen
tences
Back to
Daftar Isi

Procedure Texts
How to Make a Computer Animation
Just like a flip-book, computer animation is made up of many slightly different pictures. When
these are played back quickly, it gives the illusion of movement. The animation software needed for this
activity can be downloaded for free from the Internet. You will need:
– Computer or laptop with animation software – Digital camera
– An item for animation (a toy car or modeling clay) – Tripod
Methods:
1. Prepare an object for animation such as a toy car or modeling clay that you have changed into
an object.
2. Start up the animation software on your computer. Attach your camera on the tripod to the
computer via a cable.
3. Place your object for animation such as a toy car on a flat surface and frame it so that the
front part of the toy car is just peeking into the left-hand side of the picture. Check the image
on the computer screen and snap your picture.
4. Move the toy car just a little bit so that more of it is in the shot. Your animation software
should show a faint outline of the last picture, making easier for you to line up.
5. Repeat. Keep moving the object to the right until it disappears out of the shot. Check your
progress to make sure everything is going smoothly and reshoot if you make a mistake.
6. Playback and enjoy your magical moving toy car. Most animation programs also allow you to
add sound and visual to your film.
Adopted from: John Woodward, Necessary Skills and then Some..., New York, Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2014.

2. What is the toy car or modeling clay for?
3. How many steps do we need to do in making the computer
animation?
4. Where did the computer animation probably take place?
5. What thing do we need to download to make the computer
animation?

A procedural text consists of the following elements:
1. the goal, which is usually the title of the text or in the opening
paragraph;
2. a list of ingredients/materials/tools/equipment (optional), which
are needed in conducting the procedure;
3. the steps or methods to be followed in conducting the procedure.
Language Features
The language features of a procedural text are as follows:
1. Use imperative sentences, such as Start up the animation software
on your computer. Attach your camera on the tripod to the computer
via a cable., etc.
2. Use time sequencers, such as first, second, then, after that, later,
finally.

Study the structure of the following procedural text.
Microsoft Word has many features that people seldom notice. One of them is Hyperlink.
The hyperlink helps you move to a location in the same file, in another file, or on a Web page.
You can also add links from texts or graphics to the target location. Like Web pages, Word
documents can include hyperlinks that provide a quick way to perform tasks such as the
following:
• open another document, • download a file, and
• link to a Web site, • send an e-mail message.
GOALS
Here are the steps to insert hyperlinks into a Word document. Open the Insert Hyperlink
dialog box and specify the type of link you want to create. Enter an appropriate destination for
that type of link.
While creating a hyperlink to a document or Web page, called the target, specify whether
the target information should appear in the same window or frame as the active document or
in a new one. You can also make a particular setting, the default for all hyperlinks.
Within a document, hyperlinks appear underlined and in the color specified for hyperlinks
by the document’s theme. Later, jump to the target of the hyperlink by holding down the Ctrl
key and clicking the link. After you click the hyperlink, its color changes to the color specified
for followed hyperlinks.
To edit or remove a hyperlink, select and click Hyperlink in the Links group on the Insert tab
or right-click the selection and then click the appropriate command.
Adopted from: Joyce Cox and Joan Lambert, Step by Step Microsoft Word 2010, The United States of America, Online
Training Solutions, Inc., 2010.
STEPS
Study the identification of procedure text in your PR Bahasa Inggris on
page 176.

Adverbial Phrases
A phrase is two or more words that do not contain the subject-verb pair necessary
to form a clause. Phrases can be very short or quite long. So, an adverbial phrase is the term
for two or more words which play the role of an adverb.
There are five types of adverbial phrases as follows.
Type Adverbial Phrase Sentences
Time during the test
before dawn
• No one is peaking during the test.
• Father has left the house before dawn.
Place over there
right there
• Several students are over there.
• I found your pin right there.
Manner very quietly
fairly enough
• We entered the house very quietly because the baby
was sleeping.
• The opponent regarded the decision fairly enough.
Frequency too often
in a week
• The children go to the park too often.
• The project will be finished in a week.
Purpose for the final
assignment
to clean the glasses
• The students have finished their reports for the final
assignment.
• Mother gave me a piece of cloth to clean the glasses.
Study the identification of adverbial phrases in your PR Bahasa Inggris on page
177.

Arrange the words to form the meaningful sentences.
Then, underline the adverbial phrases.
1. a rest–here–farmers–right–have–usually
2. going–we–home–chatted–before
3. near–to–Uncle Junaedi-house–quite–lives–my
4. a week–Heikal–the tub–twice–cleans
5. my–with–I–guts–do–all–business–my–always
6. done–the renovation–be–any–should–cost–at
7. have–e-mail–you–the file–your–resent–from-?
8. this–from–road–winding–south to north–stretches
9. little–suddenly–my–into–sister–bathroom–ran–a
10. the–basketball–great–playing–players–with–are–efforts

Imperative Sentences
In a procedural text, we use imperatives in order to ask a person to
do an action. Imperatives have no subjects. They begin with verbs base.
Read the following sentences and pay attention to the words in
bold.
1. Prepare an object for animation such as a toy car or modeling
clay that you changed into an object.
2. Start up the animation software on your computer.
3. Attach your camera on the tripod to the computer via a cable.
4. Place your object for animation such as a toy car on a flat surface
and frame it so that the front part of the toy car is just peeking into the
left- hand side of the picture.
5. Check the image on the computer screen and snap your picture.
Study about imperative sentences in your PR Bahasa Inggris
on pages 177−178.

Complete the sentences with suitable verbs from the box
to form logical instructions.
1. _________ at the back row.
2. _________ your work immediately.
3. _________ silent, please.
4. _________ in the river.
5. _________ your hair.
6. _________ your room.
7. _________ with your gadget when you are with your friends.
8. _________ the lamps before leaving the room.
9. _________ your baggage unattended.
10. _________ the instructions carefully before doing the test.
• Keep • Tidy up • Pay attention • Turn off
• Don’t sit • Watch • Comb • Don’t swim
• Don’t leave • Submit • Save • Don’t play
Back to Chapter X
Don’t sit
Submit
Keep
Don’t swim
Comb
Tidy up
Don’t play
Turn off
Don’t leave
Pay attention

Song lyrics
Back to
Daftar Isi

Adopted from: https://genius.com/Kelly-clarkson-never-
enoughlyrics (April 16, 2019)
[Verse]
I’m tryin’ to hold my breath
Let it stay this way
Can’t let this moment end
You set off a dream in me
Getting louder now
Can you hear it echoing?
[Pre-Chorus]
Take my hand Will you share this
with me?
‘Cause darling, without you
[Chorus]
All the shine of a thousand spotlights
All the stars we steal from the night sky
Will never be enough, never be enough
Towers of gold are still too little
These hands could hold the world, but it’ll
Never be enough, never be enough for me
Jawaban:
The song is about someone who always wants to stay with his/her lover.
The proof is in the lyrics in the pre-chorus part.
Do the activities in your PR Bahasa Inggris page 189–191.
Read and understand the song lyrics below.
What is the song about?
Show the proof.

You may find terms which explain something in song lyrics. One of them is
verse. It is where the main back story of the lyrics generally happens, filling in
background information to set up the chorus lyric. Verse lyrics are usually unique
to each verse, like the stanzas of a poem.
You may find other terms, such as intro or introduction, chorus, and bridge.
•What is intro?
•What is chorus?
•What is bridge?
Learning Material
Parts of a Song

Complete the song lyrics with suitable words from the words
on the box. Read your work aloud. Check your answer by
listening to the song from the CD listening played by your
teacher.
At My Best
(By Machine Gun Kelly)
I wrote this song as a message for help
On behalf of anybody finding theirself
I wrote this letter to numb your pain
’Cause everyday I wake up I’m feeling the same
I got issues just like you got issues
I been hurt I seen the (1) ____________ tissue
If I show you would you run away
Do I gotta (2) ____________ ’em for you to wanna stay
Do I, even need you, should I leave you
Do I, gotta be you, just to (3) ____________ you
Do I, say I’m all good, when I (4) ____________ you
Through my, heart, quit tearing mine apart
...
Adopted from: http://www.metrolyrics.com/at-my-
best-lyricsmachine-gun-kelly.html (April 12, 2019)
scar
hide
please
bleed
Do the activities in
your PR Bahasa Inggris
page 191-202.
Back to Chapter XI
Listen and repeat.
1. cause /ka:z/
2. bleed /bli:d/
3. great /greIt/
4. fought /fa:t/
5. scar /ska:r/
6. live /liv/
7. please /pli:z/
8. deserve /di'zE:v/
9. hide /haid/
10. exhibit /ig'zIb.It/

Power Point PR B.Inggris 12 Ed. 2019.pptx

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