Presentation at the "It`s my game II" conference 2021. About new ways of learning and evidence based coaching in tennis and other sports

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POWER OF DIFFERENCES

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Frercks Hartwig
sports science in Freiburg
educational science in Tübingen
systemic coaching in Stuttgart
speaker Ballschule Heidelberg
licensee Street Racket

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P
in
g
1)evidence based coaching
2)methodical traditionalism
3)developing skills vs instructing skills
4)explicit vs implicit vs differential learning
5)constraints and differences
6)

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Learn to walk

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The backward movement begins from the starting position with a slight
angle and at the same time withdrawing the elbow against the direction
of impact, whereby the forearm is raised parallel to the ground.
The upper body rotates to the right, shifting the body weight onto the left
foot, while the club is guided backwards in a flat upper arc in a loop.
The club is swung down in a small arc and then swung parallel to the hip
axis with increasing acceleration relatively flat forward upwards towards
the incoming ball.
The optimal point of contact is in front of the left hip ... Only shortly
before the point of contact and especially after it does it follow the arm
movement and turn into the frontal position, which enables the arm to
swing the club for a long time in the direction of impact when pulling
through.
Then the racket is swung naturally to the left shoulder "
(DTB 1975)

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"Characteristics of the main action within the striking phase: The club is
swung forwards, slightly upwards, so that the ball gets a little forward spin.
The racket is accelerated to achieve the desired ball speed. The club is
swung far in the direction of the shot for greater accuracy and safety.
The ball is hit at a suitable lateral distance and in front of the body with a
vertical striking surface in order to achieve optimal energy transfer.
Immediately before the meeting, the wrist is brought into a position
corresponding to the take-off speed in order to achieve the highest
possible accuracy. At the meeting point, the grip is strengthened and the
wrist is fixed very briefly ... "
(DTB 1995)

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“While the more play- and action-oriented reform concepts
dominated in school sports and universities, the technique
orientation continued to prevail in the methodological
practice of the associations and clubs. And not only in
tennis, but also in the other racket or return games, as the
curricula of that time show. "
DTB 2020

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Methodical traditionalism
and myths

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queing

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Problems

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"When someone has a hammer in his hand,
then every problem looks like a nail. "
(Paul Watzlawick, cyberneticist and
communication researcher)

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“Don't let rigorous tennis instructor rules influence you.
Rather discover your individual skills, experiment around. I've
broken almost every textbook rule for the past 30 years! "
(Björn Borg, Wimbledon winner)

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"If you think badly of yourself,
anticipates own failure,
gets into stress and
actually fails! "
(Manfred Spitzer, neuroscientist)

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Internal focus
External focus

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Inattentional Blindness

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environment
partners
weather
place
balls
spectateurs
emotions
●.....
Nothing is the same

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„Once the ball is in motion, it comes at you in an infinite
number of angles and speeds; sometimes with more
topspin or backspin, sometimes flatter, sometimes
higher. The difference may be small, microscopic, but
the variations that your body makes - shoulders,
elbows, wrists, hips, ankles, knees - are exactly the
same in every stroke. "(Rafael Nadal)

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solutions

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The Inner Game of Tennis
Timothy Gallwey
1974

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Learning to walk

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“You can think about why children learn the fastest and
most in the first two years of life, even though you don't
listen to the parents and also receive“ little ”instructions
from them. Maybe you just have to replace the
'although' with 'because'. "
(Wolfgang Schöllhorn)

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„Only by doing can the motoric possible solutions for the given
movement tasks be developed. The intention to consciously
control the sequence of movements seems to disrupt rather than
promote the learning process.“ (Gabriele Wulf)1998)

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“Responsibility for
learning and autonomy in
learning are passed on to
the learners. "

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Quelle: Sportunterricht 58/2009

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Differential Learning

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Differential Learning
Variation
-motion geometry
-speed of movement
-rhythm of movement
-playground conditions for the
execution of movements

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“The magic words are variability and flexibility. The more
different demands we face in training and competition, the
more we learn. This is crucial for motor and cognitive
learning"
Daniel Memmert, Professor at the Sports Institute for Training Science and Sports
Informatics, Cologne

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“By now every learning psychologist knows that stubborn repetition
of one and the same sequence of movements doesn't really get you
any further.
In basketball there were two test groups: one threw 5000 times from
the same spot, the other 5000 times from a slightly different position.
And now guess which group has demonstrably improved by 20 to 30
percent?
We think less of repetitive learning of the same situation over and
over again. "
Ralf Rangnick, soccer coach

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goals
field boundaries
rules
partners/opponents
equipment (nets, rackets, balls, ...)
time
information
emotion
variations, constraints

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Developing service technique

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stop and go 1
stop and go 2
stop and go 3
stop and go 4
Gewicht in der linken Hand

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“Let the drill do the talking and
the athlete do the walking”

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More fun
More resistant to stress
More sustainable
More effective
More stable
Motivating

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„...there is no right way to do a
wrong thing.“
Bain/McGown, US-Volleyball-Coaches

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