The document discusses rules for forming possessive case in English. It notes that names ending in s form the possessive with just an apostrophe, as in "Charles' wife". For singular nouns, the possessive is formed with 's, and for plural nouns it's formed with es'. When multiple people possess the same thing, the possessive 's is added to the last possessor only. When each possessor has their own thing, 's is added to each possessor.

1. POSSESSIVE CASE

2. Personal names ending in “s” can make the possessive with an apostrophe without an extra ”s” . We can say either Charles ’s wife was at the party with him. (more common) or Charles ’ wife was at the party with him. (less common)

3. Commonly the possessive is made with apostrophe without an extra “s”. Socrates ’ speeches Hercules ’ labors Venus ’ beauty

4. The possessive is formed with ‘s (singular ) or es’ (plural): The boss ’ s office is full of work to do. The boss es ’ offices are on the third floor.

5. When there are more than one possessor that own the same belonging , we add ‘s after the last possessor: John, Lucas and Carol ’s mother is here to talk to you. (The woman has 3 children: John, Lucas and Carol and is their mother.)

6. If there are more than one possessor , but each one owns a different belonging , we add ‘s after each possessor: Robert ’s and Luca ’s cars are parked over there. (Robert has one car and Lucas has another)

7. Which is more common? a) Hans’s mother b) Hans’ mother

8. Which is more common? Hans ’s mother More common with ‘s

9. Which is more common? a) Venus’s life b) Venus’ life

10. Which is more common? b) Venus ’ life ( classical name)

11. Who do they belong to? Carol and Alice ’s brothers are here. Carol ’s and Alice’ s brothers are here.

12. Who do they belong to? Carol and Alice ’s brothers are here. (They are probably sisters and have 2 or more brothers, who are here.)

13. Carol ’s and Alice ’s brothers are here. (Carol has a brother and Alice has a brother as well. Both of them are here.)