Here are the characteristics and traits of the main characters in the short story "Big Sister" by Consorcio Borje: Inciang: - The older sister and "big sister" of the story. - Works hard to support the family and take care of her younger sister Itong after their mother passes away. - Selfless, responsible, caring, and devoted to providing for her family. Itong: - The younger sister. - Dependent on Inciang for care and support after their mother's death. - Innocent, naive, and still a child. Their father: - Absent from much of the story after the death of his wife.

5. P R E N S S I O D E

6. I N G Y U L L B Y C B E R

7. N E I R O V M N T L A E N
I S U E S S

8. T A G E N E E
Y C N G A N E P R

9. E S A M
X S E
E G M R R A I A

12. POSITION
PAPER
A position paper is an essay that
expresses a position on an issue. It
gives arguments that support the
opinion of the writer based on the
facts collected.

13. A position paper presents an arguable opinion
about an issue. The goal of a position paper is to
convince the audience that your opinion is valid
and worth listening to. Ideas that you are
considering need to be carefully examined in
choosing a topic, developing your argument, and
organizing your paper.
POSITION
PAPER

14. It is very important to ensure that
you are addressing all sides of the
issue and presenting it in a manner
that is easy for your audience to
understand. Your job is to take one
side of the argument and persuade
your audience that you have well-
founded knowledge of the topic
being presented.

15. It is important to support your
argument with evidence to ensure
the validity of your claims, as well
as to address the counterclaims to
show that you are well informed
about both sides.

16. To take a side on a subject, you should first establish the plausibility
of a topic that interests you. Ask yourself the following questions to
ensure that you will be able to present a strong argument:
 Is it a real issue, with genuine controversy and uncertainty?
 Can you distinctly identify two positions?
 Are you personally interested in advocating one of these
positions?
 Is the issue narrow enough to be manageable?
Issue Criteria

17. Once your topic is selected, you should do some research on the
subject matter. While you may already have an opinion on your
topic and an idea about which side of the argument you want to
take, you need to ensure that your position is well supported.
Listing out the pro and con sides of the topic will help you examine
your ability to support your counterclaims, along with a list of
supporting evidence for both sides.
Analyzing an Issue and
Developing an Argument

18.  Factual Knowledge - Information that is verifiable and agreed
upon by almost everyone.
 Statistical Inferences - Interpretation and examples of an
accumulation of facts.
 Informed Opinion - Opinion developed through research and/or
expertise of the claim.
 Personal Testimony - Personal experience related by a
knowledgeable party
Supporting evidence includes the
following:

19. Once you have made your pro and con lists,
compare the information side by side.
Considering your audience, as well as your own viewpoint,
choose the position you will take.

20.  Who is your audience?
 What do they believe?
 Where do they stand on the issue?
 How are their interests involved?
 What evidence is likely to be effective with them?
In considering the audience, ask
yourself the following questions:

21.  Is your topic interesting?
 Can you manage the material within the specifications set by the
instructor?
 Does your topic assert something specific and propose a plan of
action?
 Do you have enough material to support your opinion?
In determining your viewpoint, ask
yourself the following:

22. 1. The audience knows where you stand.
2. The thesis is located in the two strongest places, first and last.
3. It is the most common form of academic argument used
Your introduction should lead up to a
thesis that organizes the rest of your
paper. There are three advantages to
leading with the thesis:

24. Introductio
n
Conclusio
n
Body

25. Introduction
You have to introduce the topic, and then
provide history or background of the
issue. You may also describe the issue on-
hand so do your research.

26. Body
Now, you can restate both sides of the
argument, summarize the three
arguments made in your essay. Lastly,
provide a call for action.

27. Conclusion
You have to state the opposing argument by briefly describing
them. You may also include details that support the opposing
claim. Then, after writing the counter argument, now write your
argument and give your point of view. Provide evidence that
support your claim. Now you state your second argument followed
by your third argument. Make sure to provide details that support
the argument given.

28. Evaluation:
In a ¼ sheet of paper, identify which
method of characterization is utilized
by the writer in the given scenario:

29. 1. On his head he wore a helmet shaped like an eagle. On his shoulder perched two black
ravens called Memory and Thought. And at his feet crouched two snarling wolves.
2. The fair elves had promised they would help his children of the earth. The elves were
tiny people who lived between heaven and earth. They were so small that they flit
about doing their work unseen.
3. Even the dwarfs, who lived in the heart of the mountains, agreed to help. They forged
iron and metals, made tools and weapons.
4. All seem to be going well. Odin found it hard to think of evil times. But he knew that
the frost giants were only waiting for the chance to bring trouble to his children. They
were the ones who brought cold and ice to the world and shook the earth in anger.
5. “The price of one drink from this well is not cheap,” Mimir said. “And once you have
drunk and gazed into the mirror of life, you may wish you had not. For sorrow and
death as well as joy are pictured there so you should think again before you ask to
drink.”

30. 1. On his head he wore a helmet shaped like an eagle. On his shoulder perched two black
ravens called Memory and Thought. And at his feet crouched two snarling wolves.
(Physical description)
2. The fair elves had promised they would help his children of the earth. The elves were
tiny people who lived between heaven and earth. They were so small that they flit
about doing their work unseen. (Physical Description)
3. Even the dwarfs, who lived in the heart of the mountains, agreed to help. They forged
iron and metals, made tools and weapons. (Actions/Behavior/Attitude)
4. All seem to be going well. Odin found it hard to think of evil times. But he knew that
the frost giants were only waiting for the chance to bring trouble to his children. They
were the ones who brought cold and ice to the world and shook the earth in anger.
(Inner Thoughts)
5. “The price of one drink from this well is not cheap,” Mimir said. “And once you have
drunk and gazed into the mirror of life, you may wish you had not. For sorrow and
death as well as joy are pictured there so you should think again before you ask to
drink.” (Speech)

31. Assignment
Read the Filipino short story “BIG
SISTER” by Consorcio Borje and describe
the characteristics and traits of Inciang,
Itong, and their father.