The .pdf file was then Exported to Microsoft Word, all text was highlite selected and using right click menu over the selected text, “Translate” was selected. The translated document has not been edited for grammar or context. Page 1 is in the original russain, page 2 begins the Microsoft translation in english.

1. 1
03-03-2019
This document is a translation from Russian to English using Microsoft Translator.
The original Russian document was .pdf downloaded from:
https://exploders.info/#
The .pdf file was then Exported to Microsoft Word, all text was highlite selected and using right click menu over the
selected text, “Translate” was selected. The translated document has not been edited for grammar or context. Page 1 is in
the original russain, page 2 begins the Microsoft translation in english.
Robert Weinheimer
Ordnance Research Analyst Consultant (ORAC)
Technology Transfer Agent
weinheimer@orbitelcom.com
LinkedIn:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/robert-weinheimer-baa78410/
Популярно о взрывчатых веществах
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-
NonCommercial-NoDerivs» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование —
Без производных произведений») 3.0 Непортированная. Чтобы увидеть копию
этой лицензии, посетите http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/.
Москва 2013

2. 2
Popular about explosives
This product is available under the license Creative Commons "Attribution-
NonCommercial-NoDerivs" ("Attribution-Non-commercial use-no derivative
works") 3.0 unported. To see a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/.
Moscow 2013

3. 3
Contents
Preface..................................................................................................................................................4
1. Energy-intensive materials from the legal Point View ....................................................................5
1.1 For those Who Wants Earn on Manufacture Centuries .............................................................5
1.2 For those Who is going to use BB in Criminal Purposes..........................................................6
1.3 The use of explosives in Personal Purposes..............................................................................6
1.4 Production of explosives Of Interest.........................................................................................6
Conclusions.............................................................................................................................................. 8
2. On terrorism and Not Only ..................................................................................................................... 9
Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 12
3. Initiate Centuries (IVV) .................................................................................................................13
3.1 Why IVV Are The IVV...........................................................................................................14
3.2 Susceptibility to Hitting Friction и Tandem ................................................................................. 15
3.3 Explosive Characteristics of the IVV ......................................................................................16
3.4 School Pampering (iodide Nitrogen Chloride Nitrogen Silver Nitride и etc.............................. 17
3.5 Types The IVV........................................................................................................................18
The first IVV in history-the Rattlesnake Mercury....................................................................18
Azides.......................................................................................................................................18
Pickrats и The Stifnatas............................................................................................................19
Tetrazen ....................................................................................................................................19
Salt Dizoonia ............................................................................................................................20
Acetylides.................................................................................................................................20
Peroxides ..................................................................................................................................20
Fashionable Complexes................................................................................................................... 21
3.6 IVV in As BB..........................................................................................................................22
3.7 Use mouseAs an IVV of various Pyrotechnic Mixtures .........................................................23
Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 24
4. Plastic Explosives ..........................................................................................................................24
4.1 Plastic Explosives and Their story ..........................................................................................25
4.2 The Germany................................................................................................................................... 29
4.3 PVV в Uk................................................................................................................................30
4.4 PVV в United States................................................................................................................31
4.5 PVV в Czech republic.............................................................................................................34
4.6 PVV в USSR/Russia ...............................................................................................................36
4.7 PVV в Bulgaria .......................................................................................................................38
4.8 The Other Countries................................................................................................................39
Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 40
5. Low-sensitive explosives...............................................................................................................40
5.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................40
5.2 Ways to Downgrade Sensitivity Centuries..............................................................................44
Special Individual MVV...........................................................................................................44
Introduction The Phlegmatizers ...................................................................................................... 50
Energy-intensive Binders .........................................................................................................51
HuntEars Radicals.....................................................................................................................52
5.3 Mvv в United States................................................................................................................53
5.4 Mvv In France.........................................................................................................................60
5.5 Mvv в Uk.................................................................................................................................61
5.6 Mvv в Australia.......................................................................................................................62
5.7 Mvv в Sweden.........................................................................................................................62

4. 4
5.8 MIF in Germany.............................................................................................................................. 62
5.9 Mvv в USSR/Russia................................................................................................................63
5.10 MIF in Other Countries.........................................................................................................65
Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 66
6. Which Explosives The most powerful?..........................................................................................67
6.1 A brief tour of the history of the very first centuries before the beginning 20 Century..........67
6.2 What is Power Centuries? .......................................................................................................69
Traditional characteristics of explosives: .................................................................................70
Modern characteristics of explosives .......................................................................................74
The ephemeral characteristics of explosives ............................................................................75
6.3 Design and production aspects Highof powerful Centuries....................................................77
6.4 How to increase the capacity of explosives in 20th Century...................................................... 78
6.5 Myths about Powerful Centuries:............................................................................................80
Myth 1 – Self-taught Kulibin Vasya Pupkin cooked in the kitchen bb, by power 2 (5, 10, 20
and etc Time..............................................................................................................................80
Myth 2 – Hexanitrobenzene .....................................................................................................80
Myth 3 – Astrolita.....................................................................................................................81
Myth 4-Plutonium nitrate с Beryllium .....................................................................................82
Myth 5-Furoxana и Tetrazindioxides.......................................................................................82
Myth 6 – HHTDD.....................................................................................................................83
Myth 7 – Polynitrogen profanation ..........................................................................................84
Myth 8 – CL-20 – the most powerful Centuries.......................................................................84
Myth 9 – History с Octane .......................................................................................................85
Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 86

5. 5
Preface
This addition to the Pirospravka focuses on issues KotorS Not considered in detail in the
Pirospravke, but are of some interest to the armory and the public. The affected This In addition,
issues tend to become the subject of speculation on the internet and the media, Danish Tolkovoe
TimesUnderstanding of these topics is a little To whom Manage. Three Individual add-ons Already
have Went out into the light Year Back. However After their Exit Errors and inaccuracies were
observed, That Need Was correct, and the content supplemented. In addition, the Chapter About
legal issues so that the reader does not slide From Clean Scientific Content to the parrot. Also
Introduced 2 more new Chapter That this collection of articles did not look n"Restyled".
The material is presented in a popular science style, so that even inexperienced specialists should
not be bored.
All the given information is taken from the Internet and open literature, at This All sorts of
questionable assertions and speculation. For help in writing and correcting a big thank you to
Artem-U and beta307. Due to the escalation of the copyright situation, as well as for the purpose of
legal legalization of additions to the Pirospravka, this work is distributed on the basis of a
prismLicense of Creative Commons in Russia.
Stas Mikhelson aka Vandal.
Exploders.us
Note:
When using materials from this document, a reference to the exploders.us Required. Forum
exploders.us Is Place Communication Specialists In the Area
Energy-intensive compounds. Author This booklet is not the creator or administrator of the
specified resource, and, like other users of the resource, places on it their works concerning energy-
intensive Materials.

6. 6
1. Energy-intensiveE materials from the legal point of view.
Inexperienced individuals and students are urged to
avoid all kinds of frivolous experiments with explosives: those
who do not cope with at least basic chemical operationsTo
abandon such entertainments, the consequence of which is the
Injury.
Dr. Alfred Stetbaker. Zurich. 1933.
In the Russian Federation, as in all countries of the world, free circulation of explosives is
prohibited, Propellants And the turnover of pyrotechnics is limited. OfNako Discussion of energy-
intensive materials (in Including Explosives) is not prohibited unless sensitive information is
affected.
To have People Not created false judgments about these issues, Author Tried to warn the reader
than him Can Threaten PEvery recipe for the manufacture of explosives. Although Discussion of
explosives legally, for the practical application, storage and manufacture of energy-intensive
materials comes criminal liability. And if the reader decided on the kitchen Suddenly "Weld
explosives" (from interest or Guided Any ZamiThe Clearly To present all possible consequences.
First, it should Give Yourself Report That in the event of an explosion, except for the most
unlucky
"Cooks" may suffer the surrounding People. For example, the bearing walls may collapse or the
substance Can Explode when transported, as in an explosion Bus In the Tolyatti In 2007 Year.
Instead of being limited to reminding that all actions with BB Will Be prosecuted by Law The
author decided to Lucidly Explain to the reader how it usually Happens On Practice.
A person attempting to manufacture an explosive device usually wants to achieve the following:
1. Try Earn On Sale Explosive Substances
2. Use Explosives In criminal Purposes
3. Use Explosives In personal Purposes
4. Make Explosives Of Curiosity
1.1 For Those who Wants Earn on Manufacture Centuries
As a rule, the attempt to earn on the sale of explosives is made by young people who are not too
burdened with life experience (and intellect). The fact is that the market of improvised explosives
and devices is extremely limited. Contrary to RasprostranOpinion, criminal structures and terrorists,
as a rule, have their own "specialists", as well as sources of acquisition of explosives and Wu.
Besides, to contact a person from outside for such structures is a big risk to reveal himself.
Townsfolk ExplosiveTka Kind of like it's not needed. Typically, conventional People Not The
That Samelok – industrial explosive devices are afraid. But Based on From their representations
vigilant citizens will necessarily inform representatives of law enforcement bodies about the person,
Which one seem to realizeWhats Sell Homemade"Bomb".
In general, such "Samoelkins" are typical "clients" of law enforcement agencies. Police
representatives are very fond of business with the sale of explosives and AllT. K. This is a criminal
case with almost 100% disclosure. Young people who хTake away Earn on Explosives Usually Take
Red-handed Already have On the first sales attempt. They are Art. 222 and

7. 7
223 of the Russian Criminal Code. namely the illicit manufacture, storage, sale of ammunition and
explosives (up to eight years, if gangbang. RealBut-the year of 2-3 will be Nakut).
1.2 For Those who is going to use BB inCriminal Purposes
If the reader is going to use explosives for criminal purposes, for example, to avenge the
offender-it is also quite doubtful in terms of successful completion of the event. First, in order to
successfully use IEDs, you need to be a good specialistIn this area. And if you are such a specialist,
it is likely that you are already registered with the law enforcement agencies and will be revealed in
the course of investigative actions. Such cases are usually disclosed quite easily, because of the
special specifics-nSo many crimes are committed with explosives.
Many cases are known When Summer Lovers, From Thieves, place on their household plots self-
made streamers and booby traps. However If the thief repects or Kill Dachnick except Art. 222 The
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation will also attempt to kill. Whether the lost crop of a
strawberry prospect from ten years to spend in places not so remote-it is necessary to solve to the
Dačnick. Although It is worth mentioning that in most cases, these gardenersare being drained
themselves, When Returning to the spring, forget about the established stretching. As a result, they
receive the term real or conditional practically on even Place.
1.3 Use Explosives In personal Purposes
For personal purposes, use BB rather Hard. Explosives It's not an iron or a punch. Typically,
these personal goals are confined to the jamming of fish and explosive A Corchika Stumps. At the
department Htosa Muctr Them. Periodic Goes Bike as one professor Korcheval Stumps on Backyard
the site in an explosive way. It should be understood that Him Had a real chance Close To get
acquainted with the domestic "justice". However Korcheval He's stumps still in shaggy Year When
The atmosphere with BB was not Such Tense as it is now. Too AreMy concern is the jamming of
the fish.
1.4 Production of explosives Of Interest
Pyrotechnics-Amateurs and "just interested"... Perhaps the most numerous of individuals with
"playful handles". On the internet there are many forums, groups in social networkOn energy-
intensive materials. It is worth warning that most of these resources, if So Not directly controlled by
law enforcement agencies and special services, the So That's right Has In the social structure of the
resource of their representatives. and 90% of "just interested" are highlighted in the first days of
their stay. Although Putting "on a pencil" in practice is usually not enough to threaten the amateur
pyrotechnics, in the case of some high-profile crimes associated with energy-intensive materials,
"interested" withAre potentially vulnerable and can get into the Development. Even if individual
"amateurs" have not committed serious crimes, they can close the hole in the reporting, or untwist
for money. Especially on the internet are tracked "intentions"Participants.
БConditionally, representatives of law enforcement agencies understand that to close such sites,
in most cases it is impractical, because in their place there will be other similar. It is much easier to
try to control such resources and identify potentiallyAnd more "dangerous" individuals.
Some young citizens, in full seriousness, think that their interest in energy-intensive materials
can be met by "law enforcement agencies" with understanding and

8. 8
Even Offer Work or Study by accordancedirection. Perhaps such cases have occurred in the past,
but now the situation has changed. Previously, the production of energy-intensive materials from
interest was engaged only really enthusiastic People T. K. Information and reagents were difficult
toor receive. Such facts were sporadic and, in view of the lack of "social order" and terrorism in the
country, "interested" could not Break Life, and even help – Suddenly Really Such a self-taught Prove
to be a useful defense Induof the
Now the situation is different: With the advent of the Internet information about explosives
became available to any curious Subject Reagents appeared in the free sale (Although In general that
quite a large assortment of explosives can be made andHousehold chemicals. With reagents, just
deal with chemists-enthusiasts, not Actors who Just need a "bomb"). Interested Explosives has
become much more Because To achieve Result already It was not necessary to sit in the library and
consistently evolve through trial and error. It was enough to go to the appropriate Site, download
Method Call the chemical companies and voila... Therefore, at the present time "law enforcement
authorities"X Citizens Easier Catch and plant. The They increase the disclosure, Then As a
work/study aid, the disclosure is not Increases. In addition, it should be understood that law
enforcement System
is a bureaucratic state mechanism, not a recruitment agency.
Attentive fellow citizens reading the above paragraph can reproach the author:
"Here, write about the negativity of the dissemination of information about explosives in the
Internet, but it itself and P". Such fellow citizens need to understand clearly that on the background
of numerous sites with long-laid recipes of artisanal "explosives", the Pirosedit will be more useful
than harm, because it is a scientific electronic publication and gives food for the MozNot a blunt
guide for schoolchildren. Therefore, to prohibit the dissemination of information about explosives
in the Internet-a double-edged sword. Due to the extremely limited circulation of modern
specialized literature on energy-intensive materials, now even SPOf the defence industry, much of
the open information is obtained from the Internet.
It should also be noted Such Just a moment that if Any Fool will read in the Internet the
instruction how to make Bomb Collect All And get caught by the police, The Author Instructions
can Too To prosecute as a partner. It is worth explaining that this applies To Only "Detailed
Methods", Where is Step Methodology Manufacturing: From Explosives up to Specific Explosive
device and in the Which AttendCertain signs that allow them to be classified as "Manuals". The
truth here it is necessary to mention The Fact That the source of "detailed methods" needs to be
found and, even more difficult, to prove It "Authorship". If the information is taken from the open
literature, Then this Legal and is just a Science-Chemistry.
In general, "just investigators" are very fond of untwisting police representatives in Agreement
Detection. For example, you know the case When Staff Police (Then the More militia) urged the
expert to recognize the "SurThe Ionic The bomber ", withdrawn from teenagers as All With ready-
hitting elements. As you know, such a clap contains pyrotechnical composition and pebbles,
wrapped in Foil. When Impact About hard surface, pebbles Collide And "Surkovok Bomb"
AimsWith a loud Cotton. The police insisted on recognizing Pebbles Ready Striking elements.
Those who produce energy-intensive materials in artisanal conditions are not Rarely Become
victims of accidents, etc. They are driven by curiosity in the absence of proper Skills and
experience. To Example Training Students Specialization in synthesis and work with explosives is
carefully worked out, consistently and accompanied by a multitude of

9. 9
Given teacherExamples and stories of accidents. Amateurs subtract from the Internet various
recipes and immediately embody them based on their own ideas about safety, starting their
acquaintance with the most dangerous materials. Individuals remaining in the aliveAfter their
experiments immediately pass into the category of
"Experienced" and even begin to teach "newcomers", as well as move further in the development of
new more "sophisticated" materials. Although, in fact, in view of the gaps in knowledge about the
different types of substancesOr remain prone to accidents. Often the "experienced" dulls the feeling
of danger. For example, a person known on the forum, based on his own experience with EGDN
decided that this material is not particularly dangerous and it will beTo rub in a mortar with other
substances. In the explosion of 15 g of the mixture he lost his hand.
The accident occurred with another man known in certain circles. After removing 50 g of lead
azide from the Ecsiator, he noticed that lead azide is in the form of adhesiveof lumps. When he tried
to gently crush these lumps with a plastic cup burst exploded. The man lost his eyes and several
phalanges.
Finally the author These lines, got serious Burns Face and hands, When After rubbing in the
moistened state of the PyroTechnical mixture on the basis of barium peroxide, decided to scrape
carefully the remnants of the mixture, which are attached to the mortar, using a teaspoon. In the
Result The whole mass was ignited.
It is worth mentioning the storage Propellants Without a license. Gunpowder According to
legislatorsRussian Federation Classified as explosives. And if for the Brizanni BB (Although In
theory), forensics experts have some tests for a minimum quantity that can create a damaging Effect
The For Gunpowder this No. Accordingly, if the reader is simpleOf the building cartridge, he
Already have is in danger of criminal liability. The reader immediately Say That it's nonsense,
However Familiar The author of the Pirosedits was convicted for storing 8.7 g of smoke powder and
1.5, the smokeless. Any citizen who senses in vv Understands That this amount will suffice only for
a couple of firecrackers (By no means Not the most powerful), however, the man got 2 Year and 1
month of conditional term.
The production of pyrotechnic products is also illegal. However It's worth realizing that if You
Organize Illegal Production Pyrotechnic Products с To Sale Then you Soon Interested in Competent
Bodies. If you make a dozen petard and a couple Missiles And not Will About This Distributed at
each Corner As well as not Will Sell to friends, The responsibility, Rather Just Will The
consequences of the use of these products, rather than the Art. 222 and 223 of the Russian Criminal
Code. Even if you were stopped Staff The police can say that all these items are bought for Angle In
the unknown ChineseAnd you have no idea of their illegal origin. Also It is not possible for these
products to be Similar For Real ammo – Otherwise Get out Already have Not Can. Even if the
improvised Petarda Like On the regular product, this "self-made" expert-criminalisT can recognize
All Based on of purely formal traits. Given that honest, competent experts in the police is not
enough, and the desire to earn on pyrotechnics or, in the extreme case, to increase the disclosure of
many, it is likely that the lover of pyrotechnics onTrying to breed or prosecute. This is also
facilitated by the interesting circumstance that forensic experts in the Trials Guided No longer
Legislative Acts, and their departmental documents and instructions, Based on Of Which To
Example Centuries Can be recognized by any material Which one When heated in vitro gives Flash.
Conclusions
And now think, whether it is necessary to "substitute" with prospect to spend a couple of years in
Colony And Split up All my life. After all, with Elevation In the passport about the criminal record
(let

10. 10
Even conditional) you are unlikely to Then Will find a little bit decent Work. And this Fact. Why? ...
It's very simple. Employer When Looks at this Elevation Immediately thinks the following:-maybe a
guy and a decent, and Suddenly He will be asked to Anything To steal or try to put on the
employer's money. In addition, a person with a criminal record may be offended by a decision
Employer Revenge and etc Accordingly, the employer concludes What for Me these potential
problems?
-It is easier to take another (not judged) "and refuses to work. BeThere are many of them now, so
the employer has a big choice.
In addition to criminal prosecution, you may Anything Tear Or kill when Unsuccessful
Experience. Try to squeeze your fingers into Fist and fix Scotch And Then Do all of your usual
activities during the day. Now imagine that Will For the rest of my life. And if you knock out more
and Eyes? Even if the methods found on the Internet are all described in detail, Always remains a
chance of error or notSchastny case independent of actionPerson.
Literature:
1. exploders.us
2. Criminal Code Russia.
3. Communication with law enforcement officialsStructures.
2. On terrorism and not only
It's scary to live today
and I'll climb under the
bed
And until everything calms
down.
I know all I have to do is find
the culprits, punish
Those Who Scares our peaceful citizens
it's time Destroy
Go Vote For Those Who Promises a For
Such As я Store My Hole
Let Will Uncle Sam, Christ and even Putin I Be
them to love until I die
Song "everyman" group "Naeve". Album
"The reverse side of Love", 2006
In modern society it is customary to avoid discussing the problem of terrorism. This problem is
usually driven deep into the Consciousness of the layman, generating only unconscious fears and
phobias. The author believes that it is useful and necessary to say that the main goal of the
terrorists-to sow fear, has not been achieved.
In order to adequately understand the problem of terrorism, a little Abstract.
If we consider modern society (not important, feudal, capitalist or communist) within a particular
state, there are always two classes of population:
1. Financial and politicalElite.
2. Simple People Otherwise People (Here Refers, in Including Middle class, middle-and small-
business representatives, small-scale officials andEmployees).
This structure has been and will always be, because only it ensures the sustainable development
of the State and society, from primitive-communal feetAbout, to the modern and beyond. The
financial and political elite is the most powerful and the most small; Ordinary people

11. 11
The most numerous group and the least powerful.
The existence of any State is a complex system ofRelations between these Two Sectors of
society. Periodically the first press the second, Then The dictatorship is flourishing, the second is
Soon Annoying and they are carrying down the first Then It is called a revolution (individual
representatives of the people are nominated by their own elites and the process continues), or the
latter are forced to heed their opinion — in This Case the case is limited Riot Local values or natural
performances. EliteAnd for its normal existence Always Attracts representatives from the second
group (people) to ensure its and general security, thus appears army, police, bureaucratic
bureaucracy and etc Well, that's so, simplistically.
To PervoWorld War II was in a stage of open confrontation. Elites of different countries openly
competed with each other for resources (strong devoured or conquered the weak), later the
confrontation passed into politics and ideology (enmity of the communist andA pitalistic camp). In
the course of ideological confrontation of the elites of different regimes in order to prove the
superiority of the capitalist or communist system, they made different efforts to the population (the
second group): Programs to improve welfare, extension of rights and freedoms, etc.
As a result, a whole generation of the common people, who did not know hunger, war, economic and
political oppression, grew up.
With the fall Soviet Union, taking into account Already have Developed in society ideas of
humanism and democracy confrontingA different phase — economic, and in fact a democratic
option Also That was before the First World War. Instead of a policy and direct military
confrontation that has become meaningless because of the presence of nuclear weapons, the leading
countries have begun to fight for EconOhmic Domination. After all, domination Economic Pulls the
dominance of political, military and other. Elite Already have His Main Economic growth and,
consequently, further enrichment. As you know, Economy Rules зGarou Supply and demand. If
there is demand (consumption), the supply (production) is automatically generated. Therefore, the
leading growth of any national Economy is domestic consumption, That Artificially or naturally (as
To whom Please Laid:) is stimulated/regulated by financial Elites. Such Way и Arose Notorious
"The Society Consumption ".
You ask:-And here terrorism? It's very simple.
In the course of the race for the development of world resources (meaning not Only Natural
Resources, but also capital, intellectual, information resources and etc Elites individual States It
became profitable for national Economy Other States Developed slower or even degraded. This was
achieved both by economic and various subversive methods, such as the Support In other countries
the oppositions of all stripes (in First Radical), as well as openly rebel and terrorist movements. Any
radical change State CssEconomic growth (usually makes the It Negative as after the collapse of the
Soviet Union), and rebel movements Distract Significant financial and Human Resources That are
not spent on development Economy Well on Fight Terrorism/EThe rapid
When This Sometimes it turns out that the phenomenon of terrorism becomes Profitable Not
Only And to the rebels/terrorists themselves, but also to the elites of the very countries Which Such
subversive activities are carried out. Although The presence of terrorism reduces people's
confidence in their ruling elites, Under the brand name Counter-terrorism can be pushed through
various Legislative Acts restricting freedom This The population itself with a view toElite Power
Fastening (the policy of tightening nuts). Terrorism in What The degree Beneficial Law
enforcement structures, etc. On Fight With extremism/terrorism

12. 12
Significant financial flows from the budget which are successfully mastered by various special
services are sent. It is impossible to dismiss the anti-terrorist industry, with billions of turnover and
lobbyists in the government (production of metal detectors, pHigh-tech analyzers costing a few
million, etc.). People here in the account is not taken, because really it does not solve anything (as
practice shows-even in elections and not only at us, but also all over the world). Well, if terrorism is
beneficial inSEM, he lives and thrives and alas, it turns out that this phenomenon is not exceptional,
but natural for the modern model of the world.
Indeed, terrorism does not inflict significant harm on the population, etc. The mathematical
probability of getting on Street under the car Or Poisoned by the Palena Vodka Significantly higher
than the likelihood of being affected by a terrate. Think for yourself — by Streets We are Go Every
day, and the terraces Occur Localized. Cars We see daily and fear not feel, and When Happens
TerrakT-we zomboyaschiku start to ride on Brain...
Task Terrorists and those Who Behind them is completely different than You to be physically
destroyed, namely, to sow fear, to intimidate the people and thereby to exert strong economic,
political and socialInfluence on the population and political elites. As a rule, the most serious
terrorist groups use the religious justification of their activities (in First Turn, radical currents of
Islam). Therefore, the structures That Struggling with terrorShould be taken into account Special
Psychology of a religious fanatic. From the point of view of "jihad" terrorist activity (not Whether
successful or not) is perceived by the terrorist as a mere intermediate And a completely
meaningless state "on the Way to paradise". This is It is rather difficult to understand the Christian
way of thinking, so tightening the response against terrorists is even Account Give nothing (a person
with a Christian mindset these measures would be intimidated, and a religious fanatic they Only
mobilized). Behind the example MovesNumber Should not be: in many terrorist attacks in the
Caucasus, bandit formations did not even care Preparation Ways Waste. They are essentially
indifferent, they will survive or No. The sense of self-preservation of terrorists is certainly present
so it is often suppressed by hard religious propaganda and narcotic drugs. Therefore, the direct and
massive use of force against terrorists is not a true Access With Point View of Destruction
Terrorism as a phenomenon, it only drives the problem deeper.
Terrorism can be used by elites and against their own population. For example, if you want to
push the Any Questionable Law Or Distract Population From What Serious impending problem,
terrorism can be exploited as a Tool. No matter how this happens, the security forces will
specifically create
"Artificial breach" in its anti-terrorist defense, or will become the initiators of the terrarium (For
some reason, the video, placed on a yotube, on which the profile of the winged rocket got
somewhere and the rapid disappearance of this movie from the Internet in a few hours is
remembered. You understand...).
NecSome naïve citizens (especially from the deep Soviet Union) can exclaim-"How can this be?
Destroy your own? " (Education on slogans:
"The people and the party are united!") In fact, the elites are brewed in their own juice, at best,
withTaxes and do not hinder to live the people (really such countries less than fingers on a hand, for
example the Netherlands), in the worst-except taxes still teach this people to live and actively
intervene in all aspects of existence. From their totally pragmatic point of view: tIt is simply a
means to solve any serious political problem, even at the cost of a dozen lives. As the saying goes,
"the purpose justifies the means."
Although the financial and political elites have other, more humane levers of influence on the
populationE and, first of all:-manipulation with the help of mass media.

13. 13
In general in the society of consumption of any kind of manipulation with brains of "masses" are
very fashionable. Look at the shelves of bookstores-how many shelves are occupied by books on
natural, developing onAnd how many textbooks on psychology. Brains powder on every corner,
because the modern consumer has become quite legible and the key to the success of the packaging
of their goods was not its quality, price Or in general the need of the product to the buyer and
progressA marketing program aimed at the brains of a potential consumer. Remember the press
"leaks" of photos of the notorious "iphone" or another "stealing the prototype from an Apple
employee"? It's all from this opera. And aggressive advertising on theThe drawer? And it is only
flowers...
Thanks to the media, a clear association was standing in the subconscious of modern man:
"Terrorism = Explosives = Evil. Here It is worth realizing that to divide the world into good and
evil, on black and white in Eyes Everyman very Profitable To the ruling elites. It is easier to declare
a regime or another country an "evil empire", to specify Who's Here Enemy And Who Friend and
the attention of the people From Internal problems Machine will not switch To where It should be in
the idea. But in reality, the world is only onceShades of Grey. Yes, terrorists often use Explosives
Or even poisons — but these are tools. Other, much more serious instruments of influence are:
Ideology, attraction of elements of religion and money. Therefore, to associate explosives with
Terrorism and universal evil is meaningless. With the help of VV there are many good deeds:
extraction of minerals (feeding Economy), Construction in difficult conditions, demolition of
dilapidated buildings, elimination of ice-jams, metal processing and repair Large metal structures.
and the volumes of explosives employed in these industries repeatedly surpass the volumes of
explosives used in wars andThe terraces.
Conclusions
In the context of globalization, terrorism has become another instrument of influence of some
States On others, as well as on their own population. This is not Means That directly every terrarium
is planned by elites against their own citizens. In most cases, elitesare interested in that in their
territory these terraces just did not have (especially in the countries, Where is There are rebel and
terrorist movements that systematically Population).
From all this it should be noted that since the
second poloGuilt of the 20th century, terrorism
from the unsystematic protest of a few marginal
singles has become a global phenomenon that
travels the world (so-called international
terrorism). The elites of different countries use
this phenomenon both in their disassembly and
with theTo justify to the population
"Tightening of nuts", so the eradication of
terrorism will not take place until the modern
Global Political
Economic structureWorld.
The problem of terrorism can be viewed not
Only From the position of "conspiracy theory".
Key Role in the modern perception and
The media play a role in fuelling terrorism.
Journalists always hunt for fried facts. In any
RiInjector 1: A picture found on the Internet.
Unfortunately, who the author-did not find, but he
respect.

14. 14
Competing media tend to be in place a little earlier, a little closer and illuminate the incident a little
more than a competitor. InfoI am beginning to shuffled in the media and society, there is a positive
feedback, which leads to the fact that the role of the event in the consciousness of man is
catastrophically hyperbosalized.
Of course, fear of terrorism is not worth it, because if you are afraid toI am affected by a terrorist
attack, the task of potential terrorists has already been accomplished. The probability of being
injured in an accident or being stabbed by bullies in the alley is much higher.
Therefore, instead of a bottle of beer with friends in the yard, read more books, WSelf-education.
This will allow you to rise above the gray mass, understand the processes taking place around and
become really clever and Badass Conscious citizen of his country. The most optimistic option is to
make good money from yourTheir intellectual abilitiesAnd not at the expense of the cunning. Be
not like everyone-it is not your avatar in VC from some tropical Tmutarakani, not a little known
gang in the playlist and not evenings spent in the fitness center, and your special, Nezand sober
thinking.
Literature:
1. Carl Marx. Capital. M.: Politizdat. 1983.
2. Krysko v.g. Secrets Psychological War Goal Tasks
Methods forms, experience). Minsk 1999.
3. Vladimir Lisichkin Leonid McPherson. Third World Information and
Psychological warfare. Moscow, 1999Thursday,.
4. Busygin I.M., Zakharov A. A. Socio-political Lexicon /Institute of International Studies-M.:
Mgimo- University 2009. - 276With.
5. http://www.ferra.ru/ru/mobile/news/2010/04/30/kto-zalojil-prototip-iphone-4g-jurnalistam-
brayan-hogan-nahodchivyy-posetitel-bara/
6. http://www.ferra.ru/ru/mobile/news/2011/09/01/apple-loses-another-iphone-prototype/
7. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD
%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_
%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC
8. http://lurkmore.to/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F
% D1% 89% D0% B8% D0% three
9. http://lurkmore.to/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD
10. http://perevodika.ru/articles/21295.html
11. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4
3. Initiating explosives (IVV)
Perhaps the most controversial group of explosives (BB) of all existing. About IVV Broken so
many copies, so much has been said, and the number of torn fingers and embossed eyes only
increases.
In Wikipedia write: IVV is the individual Substance or mixture, easily exploding under the
action of simple initial impulse (shock, friction, Ray of Fire) with the release of energy sufficient
for ignition or detonation of blasting explosives. The characteristic feature of initiating explosivesis
the easy transition of combustion into an explosion in the conditions in which such a transition for
secondary explosives does not occur.
It's all right here.

15. 15
3.1 Why IVV are The IVV
Main feature of the IVV is the presence Some Typical chemical groups that destabilize the
Molecule In other words, by Which Activation energy in the decay reaction Molecules IVV is very
small. Thus, even such weak influences as: not Too SilS ' Blow Friction Nakol, becomes sufficient
to overcome the potential barrier of sustainability Molecules And it starts collapsing with the release
of energy. If thermal decomposition of the Brizanni BB is dominated by heat mechanisms
(acceleration of reaction of the SamorThrough the progressive accumulation of heat), The At
decomposition IVV significant role begin to play accelerating processes autocatalion reaction
products decomposition. Therefore all IVV thermally decompose with noticeably greater self-
acceleration, rather than breezeExplosives, Often With Cotton or even detonation.
It can be seen that many ivv are a combination of heavy metal of the type of lead or mercury
with organic or energy-intensive acid residue. In this case, heavy metal is a kind of "catand
contributes to lowering the activation energy. For example, it is well known that azide lung metal-
sodium at ignited only slightly cracked, while the lead azide-detonizes.
Ability to decompose with strong self-acceleration pre-The possibility of Easy transition
Combustion of IVV into detonation (PGA). Critical condition of this transition Is the length of the
parcel Pgd. For Some The IVV This one The plot is a couple of millimeters, for others-more. First,
normal, layered combustion TransitionsT In Convective, When Spreading the burning front Happens
Not From of the BB layer to Another Layer, and by penetrating hot gases into the gaps between the
particles. In the After all, Front Convective Combustion "breaks" into the detonation Wave. IVV
with Small Pgd able to detonate From Of the flame in small quantities and with a sharp Sound Then
As IVV with a large Pgd Under these conditions Only Flare up (often with weak Cotton). To reduce
the area Pgd Enough to reduce the outflow of gases From Charge. In industry This is achieved by
pressing the IVV into a special metal cup or placing the charge in the Shell. The main characteristic
of the IVV as initiating is the minimum initiating charge (this parameter is still Called
"Initiating capacity"). ThisThe minimum amount of IVV capable of Cause Detonation in the
blasting explosives. Naturally, this minimum amount depends on many factors: Cup The
composition, degree and character of pressing, particle size and etc T. C. All subversive works are
carried out with the help of the Detonator № 8 (CD № 8), then usually the minimum initiating
charge is determined in the conditions typical for the manufacture This capsuleI am. Varies Only
Presence/absence of a cup, type of IVV and kind of Bvv.
Table 1. Comparative har-Ka initiating ability of the main IVV for the detonization of 0.4 of
the city of Teon.
Pressure. The kg/cm2
0 2000 2000 2000 2000
Pressure. Pressing of the IVV. kg/cm2
0 0 500 1000 2000
The IVV Min. Number of initiator G.
Lead azide (non-crystallised) 0.04 0.17 0.05 0.05 0.04
Lead azide (crystallised) 0.015 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.01
Silver azide 0.005 0.11 0.005 0.005 0.005
Rattlesnake Mercury 0.3 0.33 Loss of initiating power
for this chargeTetrazen 0.16 0.25
Lead Tritrtorciate 0.55 1.0

16. 16
The minimum triggering charge for typical BBB used in a CD is almost independent of the
power of the IVV.
IVV, minimum initiating charge Which Exceeds 1 G usually belong to the category of "pseudo-
initiates." And if the "true" IVV is used to exciteI'm detonation in blasting explosives, The It is
more expedient to apply pseudo-initiating explosives in different mixtures for Impact or electric
ignition, etc. When Shock The impact of their burning front does not have time to disperse to the
detonation wave, respectively, their Destructive effect on the located Near Materials Minimum and
the thermal Maximum.
3.2 Susceptibility to Hitting Friction and Tandem
Sensitivity to shock and friction in practice is determined by the fall of the load of a certain mass
on a small attachment of explosives. The sensitivity to mechanical effects is probabilistic, which
can be demonstrated by the pattern
2. H0 - is called the lower limit of sensitivity-i.e. it is the maximum height of the fall of the cargo,
in which none of the tests occurred. Accordingly H100 is the upper limit, i.e. the minimum height
of drop of cargo at the catAll the samples worked. N50-half worked. Usually for each height do 6
experiments. In foreign literature is often limited to the sensitivity of H50. However, if you take 2
different bb (v1 and V2) with the same H50, it often turns out that their H0 And H100 do not
coincide therefore in the domestic practice also take into account the lower limit, as the indicator of
safety in treatment with this explosives.
Figure 2 Dependence of the height of the falling load on the probableFor two different explosives.
Once again it is necessary to underline probabilistic character of sensitivity to mechanical
influences. By This Methods Measurement of sensitivity to Hitting and friction applied to the BBB
is not Too Fit to the IVV. SuchP: Let's say H50 for bb = 80 cm, and for IVV – 2 cm. It turns out that
if the measurement of sensitivity of the BB appeared error in 1 cm, The It's not Too A lot, compared
to 80 cm (it is slightly more than 1%), Then As for IVV This one 1 cm is 50% that theEven
noticeable. For this reason, the sensitivity of IVV is better defined on other devices thanBvv.
When it comes to such scanty energies of activating IVV, the sensitivity of the real product
affects everything from the size of crystals and the way of manufacture, to completely random and
unplanned factors. The most significant parameter affecting the Sensitivity are the size and shape of
the crystals. As a rule, large crystals of the majority of IVV detonate spontaneously. Consequently,
all

17. 17
IVV is extremely dangerous in circulation. Their unplanned explosion Can Happen (and Sometimes
happens) Even in cases When On all objective parameters of the explosion should not be. In
industry this "insidious" property of IVV is foreseen and unplanned inIn the manufacture of CD and
KV-quite banal phenomenon, the production process is almost non-influencing. On the contrary,
Already ready Products of IVV demonstrate a sufficiently high level ofSecurity.
Some citizens-Pyromans seriously believe that Univis an ordinary hammer. They say that if the
lead azide is not reliably triggered by a hammer, then it is absolutely safe. Unfortunately, the
hammer is too coarse a tool designed to clogI have nails, not for such delicate tasks as determining
the sensitivity of IVV. This can demonstrate the following experience: If you put a small hitch on a
steel plate and hit a hammer, the explosion is unlikely to occur. However, if this steel A plate to
drill a small deepening, to fill in it a little ivv, to insert in a hole a dowel with slightly dulled end
and it is rather easy to strike on a dowel, that is a big probability that the charge of IVV will work.
The fact is that when struck by a hammerThe right angle when hitting (to blow on a pile of IVV) is
not so easy. Often the blow is taken by the entire plane of the hammer, the area of the hammer's
shock is hundreds times more than the area of the head of the dowel, hence the force of impact per
unit area Surface is extremely low.
In general, our experience with Dubelem more corresponds to the test on Nakul. In the layman's
view, Nakol, It's akin to Tykanya Needle In the charge of explosives, However It's not that. In
military equipment Nakol And Blow Concepts are very Similar. Their OTLThe Including that the
working part The knee The sting is a truncated Cone And Drummer Has a hemispherical Head. In
addition The knee And Shock caps Have a different design. In the Capsule Action of charge IVC
Happens Through thin withFoil, Then As in Shock The side is forced to overcome the resistance of a
sufficiently strong bottom Capsule. Therefore Nakol It's not Only Blow, But also the effect of
friction in the process of fading of the IVV layer. This allows To design the knee Mechanisms are
very кIn the For example typical The knee Mechanism is a fuse for hand grenades, and Impact —
Shock Rifle trigger mechanism.
Now about the sensitivity to friction: within certain limits sensitivity to friction and sensitivity to
the impact of any IVV is not depend on each other, it is connected with different nature of
deformation: at impact-mainly compression, at friction-shift. Sensitivity to friction is measured by
quite intricate methods, so we will skip its discussion. In the past for rough and SubThe evaluation
of the sensitivity to friction was used by porcelain mortars. For comparison, IVV type of organic
peroxides already under weak pressure pestle explode, for the lead azide to push harder, while the
TCN (conditionally can be considered the most sensualOnly when the pressure is sufficiently strong
(the pieces are often dropped from the mortar). Other Bibb type Melinite or TNT to test in a mortar
does not react at all.
3.3 Explosive Characteristics The IVV
People unfamiliar with explosives Usually there is an established opinion that the more sensitive
to shock and friction of explosives, the more powerful it is. There is a rationale at the level of
household logic: if a lot of energy, it is held badly. In fact this assertion has some fairOnly for the
Brizanni vv, which does not contain various destabilizing chemical groups and which are
substances of the same class — roughly speaking — nitrocompounds. In the world of IVV the
sensitivity to mechanical influences is not connectedWell with the power of their explosion, and

18. 18
is determined by the chemical nature of the substance, which can be demonstrated by the following
table:
Table 2. The sensitivity and power of typical ivv, compared to the BB.
The IVV Carg
o g.
Upper
Limit
mm
Lower
limit mm
Crushing
effect,% of
TNT
Detonation
speed m/s
(max.)
Fugun
ness,
ML
Rattlesnake Mercury 600 80-85 50-55 49-55 5400 110
Tetrazen 600 65 45 40-70 5300 155
The GTTD 600 210 140 99 5100 340
Lead azide 975 235 70 37-40 5300 110
Silver azide 914 245 150 40-43 4400 115
Pbtnr 1215 >250 140 27-53 5200 130
Trotil (BB) H50 = 80 cm (load 2 kg) 100 6900 285
Hexogen (BB) H50 = 35 cm (load 2 kg) 140 8350 490
In fact, the power parameters of IVV-a thing rather mediocre, not carrying semantic load
because these compounds are meant to be used in small quantities and only to initiate the brizannye
vv.
3.4 School Pampering (iodine) Nitrogen Chloride Nitrogen Silver
Nitride and etc
And now we begin to study the material-the substances themselves. In Internets and every
"Kukbukah" You can find descriptions of the synthesis of many ultra-sensitive materials: nitrogen
chloride, Iodide Nitrogen, silver nitride and etc With regard to these substances, it should be said
that such compounds are usually not Relate because How their safe use is not simply difficult, but
impossible. For example:-When opening the nitrogen chloride, the weight of theThe chemist Pierre-
Louis Dulong lost three fingers and Eyes Although As an experienced chemist Kept All precautions.
In the technique these substances are not used, But Have Some Popularity among Schoolchildren
and persons beginning to be interested inChemistry.
As a rule, these substances are very easy to manufacture. Chloride nitrogen can be made by
flowing chlorine into a solution of ammonia or some ammonium salt, where it falls in the form of a
layer of heavy liquid exploding at VzbaltyvaWith some materials, and sometimes on its own.
Another rather amusing representative of the class of such compounds is iodine nitrogen-a favorite
tool of school hooligans and naturalists. It gets merged nAlcohol and iodine crystals. Although the
substance is a little bit, its quantity is sometimes sufficient to damage the eyes or fingers. The
substance is comparatively safe in a damp condition, but at Podsyhania explodes from the slightest
touch. During the explosion, the violet pairs of iodine are emitted, and some of the grains of the
unreacted or overmoistened product scatter and then crack underfoot. In practice, it is impossible to
use ionic nitrogen-its temperature of explosion is 29 ° с. That is, when heated to this temperature,
the substance immediately explodes. The storage of iodide nitrogen is not subject, because it
quickly decomposes/evaporates, both wet and dry (if it does not have time to explode
spontaneously).
The mostTypical representatives of the class of highly sensitive compounds, although in fact
such substances are much more.

19. 19
3.5 Types The IVV
The first IVV in history-the Rattlesnake Mercury
The grey mercury (in the common "rattlesnake") was discovered by Baron von KunkAt the end
of the 17th century. Practical interest on the background of the then level of development of the
substance was not, so it was immediately forgotten. The second discovery was at the beginning of
the 19th century at the dawn of the appearance of the Kapsyoignators (KV). The Rattling Mercury
PlatoonFrom a non-lethal impact and therefore it is possible to produce a drip composition on its
basis.
The most rattlesnake mercury differs not shibko an outstanding flammable effect, therefore for
Kapsyeniči-igniters (KV) it mix with oxidants and combustibility. Most XAn example of this is the
triple mixture of mercury, beryllium salt and antimony sulfide, which has already 150 years to
equip kv to separate types of hand guns.
In 1867, Alfred Nobel invented the Cap-detonator (CD)-The source of the detonation impulesFor
its dynamite (before that nitroglycerin and Dynamite tried to initiate the charges of smoke powder,
lowered into a test tube with nitroglycerine, which resulted in systematic failures and incomplete
explosions).
The Rattlesnake has a rather small initiating ability, high price and bad resistance at elevated
temperature and humidity. To all this it is possible to add danger of production for health of
workers. According to exploders.us Enough once Inhale the vapors emitted by the synthesis of
mercury, and after some time all the teeth will be cut. Due to the scarcity of this product, low
efficiency and durability in the late 19th century, numerous attempts were made to replace the
mercury in the KV and Kd more appropriate components. At this stage, it is possible to assume that
the Rattlesnake mercury is completely superseded by the Asian and the lead stifnate.
The main method of obtaining is the merging of Mercury nitrate solutions in the medium nitric
acid with ethyl alcohol. After the stormsThe reaction and the allocation of all fumes fall product
crystals. Although the book of Bagala says that acetone is not suitable for the replacement of
alcohol, the author of these lines managed to get a white modification of mercury by merging the
solution of nitrate mercury in a strongly rZbavlennoj nitrogen acid and acetone. After two days
white explosive crystals were deposited on the walls of the glass.
It should be noted that the attempt to synthesize mercury, according to the method of the
cookbook anarchist often ends in an explosion, so be AkkuAnd do not believe any idiotic and
provocative sources of information.
Azides
Lead azide (in common "Asplomb") at the moment-the only ivv for the equipment of caps-
detonators in conventional military equipment. On the one hand, the azide lead is not so Sensitive to
Hitting and friction as a rattlesnake Mercury. With Another The risk of handling it, which is stronger
than for most other ivv, depends on the From Nuances of production technology. Therefore, all the
books on IVV abound with examples of accidents with this AveA spiritual So budding chemists,
sometimes afraid of the synthesis of Azida lead. In the past, indeed, a lot of incidents have been
associated with lead Asian, From Explosions during crystallization, up to random explosions for no
apparent reason. Accordingly, the work to replaceof Mercury on lead azide have been stretched
since the It Opening in 1891 Thursday,. Up to 30s The years 20th century. Lead azide, obtained from
Observance Modern technological norms – very good ivv, sufficiently heat-resistant and safe. When
storing the azide lead postCovered with a protective film, That

20. 20
Decreases its susceptibility to flame.
The literature states that the lead azide is extremely Hard Decomposes without Transition Into the
detonation, indeed, even a piece of a product the size of a floorOf the match head, Being Placed on
the bottom of the beer jar, at the action of the beam of fire detonizes and this jar Punches. Although
The author happened One Time to see the burning of 1.2 g of Dextrin-lead azida of bulk density,
wrapped in Paper. This is extremely rareThe phenomenon was accompanied by a voluminous Flash
Orange color, highlighting Yellow Smoke (apparently lead oxides) and глуховатым "Pškom".
Although Small pieces This The same product was confidently detonted From Matches.
In the independent form of lead azide practically does not apply, in Including The sense that the
majority of explosive devices have insufficient sensitivity to the Hitting And a ray of flame. So In
the first case, Him Add Few Percent of Tetrazen, And in Second – Lead Stiffata (often in the form
of regular Podpreski). In addition to Azida and lead Stiffata, the regular CD contains Brizanny BB –
Hexogen or TCN, T. These BBB are much more powerful The Azide But Not в Power Detonate
From Primary Influences.
Should Also mention the Silver azide, which is, you can say, the ideal ivv for initiating
detonation. Its minimum triggering charge is even smaller than that of the applomb, and the
sensitivity to the shock is noticeably lower. The only downside of silver Azida
Price. In nWhich countries of silver azide is used in small-sized detonators of special purpose.
Azide cadmium – is used in domestic shot-blasting equipment because of its efficiency and good
heat resistance.
There is still a great number OIn organic azides. In the past, a certain interest was cyurtriazide. In
the course of practical working out its negative sides connected with volatility already at room
temperature; The substance was re-crystallized even in sealedWith a sharp increase in sensitivity to
impact. The application does not seem to have. In addition, the Asian cation is an integral part of
some complex compounds with explosive properties. Articles about similar things are regularly
printed by the Chinese.
Pickrats and Stiffats
By its nature, the pickrats and stiffats are very Similar. They are not usually considered to be full-
fledged ivv because of the large area Transition Combustion in the detonation and Called
"Pseudo-initiating". But Pikrats and Stifnats possess high sensitiveThermal effects and flame, and
are quite susceptible to Hitting. The rate of burning of these substances is very high and they burn
with a volumetric flame that predetermined the use of stifnates in Drums Compositions. These
compounds explode from Hit But The crushing effect is comparatively low-it allows to keep the
integrity of the kapsiers-igniters. The second area of application is to give the lead Asian properties
a reliable trigger From Of the Fire beam (fuses). The third is the initiating charge in the Any Kind
Nand elements of Pyroautomatics. The lead stiffath is very sensitive to static electricity discharges
and therefore Requires Appropriate precautionary measures.
The lead Stifnat is also known as Teneres and TLDC.
The Pikrat of lead is less susceptible to shock than stifnat and therefore in modern technology
finds limited use.
Tetrazen
Tetrazen is difficult to call a full-fledged ivv because of the rather Low Chemical and Thermal
Resistance. As и The Stiffnat Lead It Relatingт к Class Pseudo-Initiating Centuries

21. 21
It is a colorless Needle Crystals (in the literature are indicated as
"Wedge-shaped") with yellowish Shade. It has the greatest susceptibility to Hitting And Tandem
Among the Military equipment. It is not used in its purest form, it is used as Shock modifier And
The knee To increase their sensitivity to the Hitting And Tandem (Introduced in Number of 1 –
15%). Very sensitive to the flame beam, This Pыhaet in Betenmennom RThe Cloud Voznychego
Grey smoke.
Salt Dizoonia
As a rule are benzene rings with the cast-out nitrogroups and one or two dizoonic chemical
groups (-n ≡ N-), capable to form salts.
Most representatives Connections This Class Too Sensitive to mechanical shocks and therefore
not used in the technique. Interest Represent In the First Turn, Dizodinitrophenol (danf, DDNP) and
2.4-Dinitrofenyldianonia Perchlorate. The first substance is used in thenently Commercial KD and
in non-toxic kv do not contain heavy metals. For military interest is not special because of the
limited Terms Storage and relatively low initiating ability. The second substance is very interesting
in terms of combining High initiating ability and not Too high Sensitivity to Hitting However and
loses the initiating ability with strong pressing (re-pressed), reliable data on the It Practical
application No. One Familiar Lost a piece of meat from his leg, When Jumped the puddle with Bag
Salt Dizoonia inPocket.
Acetylides
These substances for military special interest are not Represent But deliver a lot Lulz For
beginners in chemistry because of the ease of synthesis in the presence of elementary laboratory
Equipment And a piece of calcium carbide. Although Comprehensive Acetylenide-nitrate silver has
quite impressive characteristics, it Too Roads at Promand therefore remains Destiny.
Peroxides
On peroxides it is necessary to stop more detailed, after all the basic quantity of self-explosions
is connected with these substances. Acetone peroxide (in the common "Kisa") is used as a notorious
peroxides and Hexethenoltriperoksiddiamine (GMTD). With The possibility of manufacturing these
substances from household chemicals, they have earned a special popularity in various kinds of
naturalists and terrorists. The first substance (acetone peroxide) exists in the form of Dier and inThe
trimmer. The difference between them is in the melting temperature (for Dier-132 ° с, for the
trimmer-97 ° С). by sensitivity to Hitting and friction is very Similar and less sensitive than lead
azide (in Thin Powder). Trimmer Get the interaction of acetone with theThe Hedgehog Hydrogen In
the presence of diluted mineral Acids. When using sulfuric acid of high concentration, a dimer,
intermediate concentrations – a mixture of a dimmer and a trimmer are obtained. When storing the
trimmer obtained from any acid other than the salt NABAround Akin gradual dierization,
accompanied by an increase in melting temperature.
Young Kulibins, noting a sufficiently low melting temperature This Substances, usually try to
fuse Pussycat. Often It ends in an explosion. Rather Burst early or byThe health Happens Anyway
the question Only On Which one Times. If taken Number of About 2 Thursday, The Result This is
traumatic amputation Two Finger, embossed G and easy Injury

22. If more – The Breaks the eardrum and so on, On a growing. Up to the brains smeared on Ceiling. A
small bar "kisi" enough to scratch the fingernail or drop to burst. Spontaneous explosions are known
Drying On the radiator of the central heating, squeezing the wet product with the help of a towel,
touching the Product by being Dressed in synthetic clothes (static electricity), pressing with the help
of domestic press, cutting with scissors of charges and tubes With peroxide and etc Also It is
dangerous to mix the kiss with different binders in order to obtain a monolithic charge and to reduce
the volatility/sensitivity. This is not much of a letdown, But Sensitivity Only Grows and the
treatment of AndKimi
"Products" becomes very dangerous.
One of the main problems associated with the use of the kitty is its volatility, even more accurate
than the flight itself, and the fact that due to the volatility of the product is recrystallizing in the
thickness of the charge (eg in CD) with ROof pretty large crystals which are very dangerous. One
citizen of the conv, in order to investigate this very danger, specifically raised several large (about
3-4 mm) crystals and carried them on paper. A number of crystals during the transferWoke up, one
of which, when falling on the floor, exploded loudly, so draw conclusions.
The GTTD is the only explosive peroxide Which one Seriously considered as IVV for military
(and is still considered as a back-up ivv in case of war). The GTTD Had practical application in
explosive rivets and in kv to civilian weapons. It is non-volatile, but thermally unstable, and at
storage gradually decomposes with the release of bad smelling amines. Sustainability The GTTD
Very influences the degree of purification of the substance. Ok Washed with distilled water – more
thanPosts.
Puzzling The Fact That by subjective tests on sensitivity to Hitting and friction (with the help of
homemade Copra and mortar with pestle), The GTTD Noticeably surpasses Tetrazen
-The most susceptible to furMilitary IVV. Although the official data indicate otherwise.
A number of sources indicate the usefulness of adding phosphate and polyphosphate as storage
stabilizers to peroxides. This data is not confirmed, but it is known that FThe Aspen binds heavy
metals and thus stabilizes hydrogen peroxide.
Organic peroxides are the only ivv with negative warmth of education, which indicates a high
degree of instability of the peroxide fragment and its tendency to decay on the radical mechanism.
Some time ago the network was Information about the existence of the notorious
"Diforonpentperoxide" (DFPP), which supposedly surpassed the power of all IVV combined
(declared speed detonation 9000 m/s), was not bat and made of the same substances as Kisa. In fact,
DiforonpentapeRoxide was the "duck" of the Cold War era.
New-Fashion complexes
The danger in handling the IVV remains extremely High Even for specialized industrial
production, forcing researchers to Start Search for such ivv, That would be not tare susceptible to
Hitting and friction, as a regular, but in Too Time possessed a sufficiently high initiating ability. It is
logical to assume, that such ivv on the parameters occupy Some The intermediate position between
the classic IVV and BB Including Plan, HThen combine a rather pronounced plot Pgd With low
activation energies. Chemically these substances usually represent Complex Compounds that
combine ion Transitional Metal What Or amine, an element with Low Activation energy within the
coordinate(Azide, Nitrotetrazol and T. E.) and the remainder of the acid-oxidizing agent
Perchlorate Nitrate). Varying
21

23. Number and type of elements with low energy activation can achieve a favorable combination of
susceptibility to thermal impulses and sensitivity to fur influences. Now the chemistry of IVV from
a number of coordination compounds is rapidly and successfully developedWhats. For example, ed
with the substance "zircon" is already manufactured industrially. And the substance "tubing" is used
in the ED to the release equipment for intensification of oil production.
Implementation Complex Compounds in the technique began in the US in End 70s The years By
program Protection of large (primarily space-and strategic) missiles from electrical and lightning.
Lightning and flare-up can cause accidental firing of the rocket's pyrocartridges, up to premature
start or explosion on the starting table. For aMeriki with their cape "Canaveral", Where is Severe
thunderstorms are not uncommon this problem More Than Relevant. В Ussr Too Were Fixed Hit
Lightning в Tactical Locations Missiles Which also led to the deployment of such Works.
Known 2 Main Method Protection From
Factors mentioned above-the installation of
ferrite Rings On the elements of the onboard
wiring and Transition From Electric к
Light Initiate. Light
initiation involves the presence on board of a
small-sized laser and Fibre-optic wiring,
connecting with pyrocartridges and elements
Pyroautomatics,
Equipped with light-sensitive Complex
The IVV. Term
Photosensitive The IVV
In a certain
sense conditional and Means
Only High Degree Absorption Figure 3 BNCP Substance
Certain wavelengths Coherent Radiation of the substance. To Example Such classic IVV as freshly
obtained lead and silver Azides also possess High Light sensitivity, surpassing all new-fashioned
Complexes Put together Only It eventually degrades considerably due to thickening of the oxide
film.
First andMerikancy introduced the substance "CP" (cobalt complex). CP met all requirements,
except for the use of highly toxic substances in the synthesis process (gas cyanane), so it was soon
replaced by the newly developed substance BNCP (also cobalt complBut without toxic elements).
The Chinese also launched extensive research in the field of complex azides and hydroids, a
number of substances went into industrial production.
3.6 IVV as Bvv
The name of this topic is associated with the author with one representative Pyroconference,
which several times undermined the trees with the help of semi-kilograms of lead azida (by the way
he remained alive, but such things have not been engaged for a long time). And seriously, many
novice pyromans are abusing high detonationand try to mix them with ammonium nitrate, various
oxidants, water, aluminum and in general the horseradish knows what. Some indulge with a half-
pound of sour.
In the Middle East, Arab terrorists use IEDs on the basis ofand various additives (primarily
nitrate and water). It does not matter that in about 20% of cases
22

24. 23
The manufacture of such IEDs is self-undermining. For a religious fanatic, this is not essential,
because he has the understanding that he goes to heaven in one way or another. Therefore, all these
manipulations are very questionable in terms of safety and healthof meaning. All mixes with IVV
are not kept for a long time due to the flowing processes of decomposition or enlargement of
crystals, and mechanical mixing of IVV with other components is a very dangerous operation.
After all, if there is a competently made initiator (even from The same kisi) can detonate any
BB. Only competently to do initiators know not all piromans, therefore and similar "pearls" arise.
Opinion Author Is: – The IVV It On The и The IVV, To Used For Initiate And not as the main
Charge.
3.7 Use в As The IVV Different Pyrotechnic Mixtures
Rather popular theme in the environment of Internet-Pyromanas in the last
Years. For official Science She had no interest Is so that Will To address it exactly
to Piromanam. Theme is associated with the existence of a special safe CD for the
mining industry that does not contain IVV. Instead of IVV in such a CD there is a
riveting from a fast-burning thermite.
When the termite is ignited, the strong heat flow of theThe small hole is
operated on the low-density charge of the ten-A (BB), pressed into a special metal
Cup. In the charge of the ten-a Happens Transition In the convective combustion
and then into the detonation Wave. Pressure Necessary For reliable Bigyes I do
Combustion in the detonation for the BB is estimated as 2000-3000 atm.,
respectively, a cup in the That must provide sufficient strength.
Some Citizens-Pyromans by analogy decided that if pressed into a solid metal
obolPoint pyrotechnical composition of the type of flash-A and put this charge in
the BB, Then this Sufficient to initiate a sustained detonation. As evidence of
efficiency This Principle they lead either Videos
"Initiation" of such Way of ammonals, or some incomprehensible mixtures with
aluminum and all kinds of lead/copper oxides.
However Possibility Initiate Detonation Such Way Not
Withstand official criticism: In order to create an initial impulse it is necessary to
have either a detonation wave, or to force the BBB to be burned in a closed
volume to carry out the PGA.
Figure 4 Safe
CD
The first case of the ISLUis due to the simple reason that the flash is leaking the process of
deflagration (Convective With speeds of not more than 1000-1200 m/s. The Deflagration property is
the inability to spread through the subtle and, especially, Thick Shell Because its distribution is
conditioned by convective burning, not Passage Shock Waves. Accordingly, in the charge of the
BBB Happens The following: The imaginary "initiating" charge swells and, in the End-Ends Burst
together with Housing ThePart of the notorious "BB". Is it possible to This The separation of the
BBB by burning? No! Pgd In the BB is quite a long process, requiring time and a strong shell to
maintain pressure above 2000-3000 atm. To avoid the outflow of gases. And for everyTheir
ammonals pressure should be order or even above the limit of the shell's strength (Although If a
large charge of Ammonala Is In Spur with With a hole, Process Pgd In principle is possible). The
ignition of the BB has Period

25. 24
Induction, so VosIgnition of the main charge occurs very shortly before the opening of the shell,
part of the BBB has time to burn out in the process of gas expansion (explosion), and part of the
crashes not reacted. Ammonals and, especially, ammonium nitrate compounds, lead oxide and
aluminium are prone to VygorIn the closed volume, they often deflagin (sometimes with rather high
speeds), so we get a banal buttonhole of large sizes. Lead oxide in general is a catalyst of burning of
ex, and as it is known, catalysts influence only on processes of thBut not detonation. So all these
manipulations are akin to inserting one petardy into another.
This is confirmed by the experiments on initiation of such "initiators" elongated charges of ten-A
and Hexogen-BB, not prone to deflagration, but very capable of detonationand. In all experiments it
was possible to find a "hoop" of the charge with the unreacted or pre-burning BBB.
Conclusions
The conclusions are simple, and there can be no other:
1. IVV should be used Only By appointment (in inept HandsNot be used at all Must).
2. It is necessary to avoid any unnecessary manipulation with IVV-it will reduce the likelihood
of spontaneous Explosion.
3. The IVV – Not Toy и All Actions с Them Have to Carefully Think.
Literature:
1. Vandal and Co. Pirosedit 2012. Moscow. Samizdat. 2012.
2. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD
% d0% B8% D1% 86% d0% B8% d0% B8% d1% 80% d1% 83% D1% 8e
%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B
%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_
%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0
3. Bagal L. I. Chemistry и Technology Trigger Explosive
Substances M., Mechanical Engineering, 1975. C. 11.
4. Energy Condensed systems. Short Encyclopedic dictionary/under Ed. A. P. Zhukov. Ed 2-e-
Janus-M. Yanis K. 2000.
5. P. F. Bubnov. means of initiation. NCAP Oborgiz.1945.
6. T. Urbanski – Chemistry and Technology of Explosives Flight 3 – Pergamon Press.
OxfWord. 1967- P. 169-191.
7. M.A. Ilushin, I.V. Tselinsky. Initiating explosives. State and prospects. Russian Chemical
Journal. Including XLI (1997). № 4. With 3.
8. M.A. Ilushin, I.V. Tselinsky, A.V. Chernay. Light sensitive explosives and compositions
and their initiation by laser mono impulse. Russian Chemical Journal. Including XLI (1997).
№ 4. With 81.
9. Yu. N. Danilov, M. A. Ilushin, I. V. Tselinsky. Industrial explosives Substances. Part 1.
Initiating explosives. Text Lectures. Spb. Spbgti (TU),2001.
10. US Patent 5385098
4. Plastic Explosives
Plastic is called BB, possessing plasticity- Ie. Ability to deform From Effort of the hand. Under
It's quite foggy Definitions fall into many types of explosives, such as Some Vodonapolnennye
Composition. Therefore, the

26. 25
Modern terminology Under Plastic explosives understand specific formulations containing Powerful
Centuries Sort of Rdx Hmx иWhether Teng-A и Viscous Linking Component Which one Allows to
achieve a homogeneous plastic consistency. These materials will be discussed in this article. Other
explosives, possessing plasticity are classified according to other more characteristic features
(presence of Water Ammonium nitrate andetc
4.1 Plastic Explosives and their History.
Widely Known Plastic Explosives (hereinafter referred to as "PVF") in our country became With
Hollywood Films, in which the main Heroes Piece Explosives, the size of Gum Into the splinters of
the house. Few Later Under The influence of the mass media was associated with the terrorists, the
conspiracies of secret services and the vultures "top secret". As Only Not Pained Name: "Plastic
Explosives ", "Plastic Explosives ", Plastic, Plastic and etc
However, in my opinion, no matter what the media called this type of explosives, the main thing
is to properly convey the content. So here instead of content we see only Frank
"Barking", which scare US mass propaganda: "Plastic more powerful TNT in 5 (10, 15, who more)
times", "20 g plastic carry truck." Of course journalists can be understood-they humanities, in the
technique of shuffling a little, and the challenges of modern TV No longer give food for reflection.
Now, in the Society of consumption, the task of journalists to generate already processed stream
of information (generously given by advertising) in order to fill a vacuum in the brain of the
inhabitant who has just come home from work. ToStovernosti information is given a little attention-
because why the authenticity, if tomorrow under the flow of new "sensations" man forgets
everything that was said today?! So we
The next product, this time the infoIn the
So, what makes a viewer who wants to find normal information and who has not all the brains of
the??? Correct! He's on the Internet. But the internet-a thing quite specific. And not a specialist to
find in it reliable data, the BIn such areas of knowledge as explosives, it is practically unreal.
This unpretentious Stateika is designed for Such The viewer to understand and decompose all the
points concerning plastic explosives with a small Peek in history. Designed toOn for those Who
Though A little bit Heard what is Explosive Substance, and does not imply the chewing of the root
concepts such as "velocity of detonation" or "brizantness". All the information for her is taken from
the Internet. Only Not from those pages that pop up on the request "Plastic Explosives In
Yandex/Google, and not with Wikipedia. In Wikipedia, the thematic page is currently written The
unpalatable The three-storey list of explosives is completely non-plasticity. Less demagoguery,
useSources from specialized forums, patent offices and и Archives Technical Information. А Also с
Dozen English Books Because That modern official and sane Russian-language literature on this
topic simply Missing.
So, to the side of eloquence and back to the topic.

27. 26
Some part of the truth in the
stereotype of the inhabitant of the
ROE is still present. However, it
should be remembered that
Bad Explosives Not Happens Are
Only Bad People These explosives
Use
mouseUndeterred. Really
Many
Terrorists, criminals and artisans,
Possible, Prefer
Use It is the
PVP for quite objective reasons. In
the First Turn because of Facilities
In circulation. Plastic Explosives It's
easy Give Necessary Form etc. On
Consistency it resembles a steep
dough. The ROE has a roughly
constant density, Its easy Post
Figure 5 Artisanal manufactured plastic explosives (photo
from the Internet, the author to it has no relation)
On aboutThe explosion, whereas industrial explosives are powders, or eventually degrade jelly. Due
to direct contact with the object being undermined, the maximum efficiency of use is achieved,
which cannot be achieved with the help of the Checkers TrotilA. PVV steadily detonate from
regular detonators, which can not be said of industrial explosives prone to burnout or incomplete
explosion when used in small charges (less than 0.5-1 kg). Finally, they do not react with water, are
non-hygroscopic, nontoxic in the skin.and stored for decades.
Next Will It is shown that all modern PVV by Power are equivalent to TnT Either marginally It
Surpass. And in general, to attribute what that beshernye TNT equivalents any VV and to replicate
this heresy through mass media on a hand to the special services, etc. Another teenager Vasya
Pupkin, who wants to cook Anything Explosive In the kitchen (shed, garage and etc Will Few
ForPugan prospect guaranteed to stay not Only Without fingers, but without the household,
Computer VKontakte and similar creatures of modern civilization. According to information from
the network, the attribution of large trotii equivalents to artisanal Explosives Also Stimulates
Neighbor Wasi Pupkina to point and knocking on Basil in the appropriate instance on the slightest
Reason. Actually, the author of this article Too Does not like the likes of Vasya Butthead So I tried
to limit Some Practical information aspects related to ROE.
In addition to all kinds of illegal formations, Roe is very popular in the army among deminers,
especially American, etc. We usually give out checkers Trotila, in order not to translate such a
"valuable" product of production 50s The years 20th century and lost From Improper storage of all
remnants of plasticity. Although Not correct it would be to believe that the Roe Suitable Only for
explosive Works. They are filled with a rather large range of ammunition, From Anti-personnel
mines is directedAction, to aircraft warheads Missiles.
The history of Roe began With Father Nobel. Thinking about Including How to transfer
nitroglycerine from Liquid State in Convenient For the application he began to mix It with different
fillers. Finally Attempt with the Dogwood(or Infusory land) in 1866 Year Was Successful.
Nitroglycerin Ok Absorbed by the kizelgurom, a mixture of

28. 27
Ratio 75/25 met the minimum safety requirements and had a plastic consistency nSimilarity of the
dough. The explosive parameters of this composition, later named "Dynamite № 1", were not as
outstanding as pure nitroglycerin, but the mixture was more or less comfortable to handle. Thus, it
can be considered that the ROE in the face of Gurdynamite is The first plastic explosive has been
widely applied in practice. Alfred Nobel did not stop in his investigations, otherwise he would not
have made a fortune, at the expense of which all his eponymous prizes were paid.
There is a second version that the NOBThe idea of dynamite from the famous Russian Scientist
Zinin, who discovered the reaction of the restoration of nitrocompounds. The problem of reducing
the sensitivity of nitroglycerine Zinin, together with engineer Petrushevsky, was engaged since
1854 Year. Alfred's father Nobel was Entrée To the higher military circles of Russia, etc. Owned
Plant For the production of marine mines, Villas Nobels and Zeninnyh Were On Next door. Rather
Nobel simply managed to "unleash" Zinin's idea in his homeland, Which In Russia did not give
Hoyes I do. By the way, dynamite of Petrushevsky After Publication Nobel patent was very quickly
approved in Russia and Under The name "Magnezial" (instead of Kizelghura was a Magnezia) with
Success Applied on Gold Mines In Siberia since 1867 Year.
In the third version Nobel has the formula of dynamite from some German engineer F. Shella,
during his trip to Germany.
As Always Priority on any important invention declare everything To whom Not lazy... Although
In fact, challenging the championship of the NOBThe problem of the domestication of
nitroglycerine in the The Time excited leading scientists Minds In all countries and Nobel just lucky
More.
In 1875 Year Nobel patented "gelatin" or So. "The Rattlesnake Jelly ". In the This BB
nitroglycerin StructureWith the formation of nitrocellulose Soft Pretty Elastic Material who had
Very much High Explosive Action (580-600 Ml Against 285-300 ml of TNT or 470-490 ml of
hexogen). Self-anguish Jelly Applied Not so So Often For reasons of price and safety, But served as
a basis for all types of gelatin. Gelatin are a mixture of liquid Nitroethirov (in First Line of
Nitroglycerine and Nitroglycol, injected To reduce the freezing heat of the mixture), KolloksThe
Illinois, Linking Nitroesters to gel and Fillers
-inorganic nitrates, wood flour and similar materials. For one hundred and fifty years of their
evolution, an extremely large number of varieties and types of dynamite have been produced.
By the way, a patent on one of the VIof dynamite on the basis of ammonium nitrate Nobel simply
resold, because in the presence of financial resources, overbought easier than inventing. These facts
reveal Alfred Nobel not so much as a talented inventor, but as an enterprising economist.
Of course, due to the relatively high sensitivity to mechanical shocks, the use of dynamite was
limited to mining industry and, in some cases, to engineering explosive works. And in the service of
engineering units of the U.S. Army Dynamites SostoUntil the Second World War. In many
countries powdered and semi-plastic dynamites under other trademarks are used in mining and so
far.
The first plastic explosives used in munitions can be considered to have appearedIn 1897-1898,
the chlorite and Perchlorite explosives were the shaddites, who received their name from the town
of Shedde in France. The first successful shedit was called "explosive material about № 5" it
contained 79% sodium chlorate, 16% liquid dinitrooluoles mixture and 5% castor masLa. The
detonation rate was only 2600 m/s at a density of 1.4 g/cm3
That 2.5 times less

29. 28
Speed of detonation of dynamite № 1. But on safety it surpassed all then dynamites together taken.
Before the First World War in 1911-1914, Swiss Stetbaker developed the so-called
"Gelatin-shedtis" containing 79% sodium chlorate, 5% CastorOil, 2% Dinitrotoluola, 14%
Tritrtoluola (Trotila) and 1% nitrocellulose as amendment. The speed of detonation by the
introduction of new components was already 3800 m/s at 1.9 g/cm3
, and fugasiness 257 ml (TNT-
300 ml).
All theseOf civilization were quite successfully applied in the fields of the first world, but not as
a means of undermining, but for the stuffing of ammunition. After all, the sheddites were poorly
detonted in small quantities without shell.
Yes, I forgot to mention that in 1906, in GermaBishel patented a plasticized TNT (plasttrotyl) as
a filling for hand grenades. According to the patent it was a combination of 85-87% TNT with
liquid mixture Dinitrtoluolov, 0.3% nitrocellulose and 3-5% Binder type Rosin or turpentine. In
aboutThis mixture possessed most of the features of modern Loas, but the validity of that time
presupposed the wide use of shaddites, similar to them perchloric mixtures, pikrine acid and other
questionable by modern standards components , So I did not find any practical application.
In the 30s Years The The famous Swiss "Pyroman" From Science Prof. Stetbaher actively
promoted his developed in 1929 Thursday,. Pentrinity and in 1932 Thursday,. and Hexsonites. In
Stetbaker's book "Gunpowder and Explosives" (there is a publication Also Time and on Russian
Language), these vv were described in great detail. According to patents, the pentrinity contained
20-70% of the ten-A, 80-30% nitroglycerin, and 4% of nitrocellulose. In Hexsonites The TCN was
replaced The Hexogen. Although Stetbacher personally tried to promote his offspring in industry and
military business, Wide of practical application, these "new" explosives have not been found. They
possessed a very High Power and outstanding crushing Effect But OPCIn circulation was Such That
neither One Military Specialist is not ventured to recommend Pentrinity for military Application.
In Italy in the same 1930s enthusiastically embraced the idea of Stetbaker, but for safety reasons
replaced nitroglycerin less susceptibleTo the shock of Diethlenglycoldinitratat. Just in case the
composition-arched phlegmatic-Vaseline. Thus received a very powerful, and rather safe lov for
ammunition, containing 78.5% of hexogen, 17.5% of the Dagdogo jelly and 4% WAIt's a desire.
In continuation of the superpowers, I would like to clarify some points concerning the crushing
effect (Brizannosti): the fact that any blasting explosives, taken in relatively small quantities (say up
to 1 kg) demonstrate the neckA detached
"Localization" of the destructive effect, rather than the effects of "Podkivaniya and discarding." So
footage from the movie Commando, When From Hand grenades soldier throws up, for specialist
Look comically. "On the toes" This localization looks like this: if A piece in 5 g of any normal BB
(TNT, Roe or Hexogen finally) will explode Being Compressed in the palm, then these very fingers
(and parts of the palm) you are guaranteed to lose without Possibilities Yourself Somehow Fix.
As Say в Media Scaring Young HolywaroIn the -
"Traumatic amputation of the hand". However If these 5 g explode at a distance of 30 cm from the
palm, The You Feel Only strong Blow Not counting the temporary (and maybe not temporary-as
lucky) hearing impairment. Is Same in 2-3 m From пor even Few More charge, completely safe
(provided that the charge is unwrapped). This applies to all types of explosives, Though Tnt Though
The Ocanitrokuban What is the logical Output That for maximum destructive effect NotChal That
the charge is tightly adjacent to the Object. Dense fit и

30. 29
Provide the PVP, so I previously said about their high efficiency of use. And then we will consider
the PVP from the time of World War II by country.
4.2 The Germany
In the mid-20s, early 30s Years, Before anywhere in the Germany The industrial production of
new The The moment of high-capacity blast-A and Hexogen (Also Open in Germany Burgers Then
Led the entire world chemistry). Without the Hexogen and the TeV, no modern PvP is unthinkable.
These substances are mixed with Various plasticizers and binders, thereby lowering the power of
the End BB in Convenience In the application. In this way the power decreases to the level of TNT
or pikrine acid. Distracting toward the attentive reader Can Object:-
"How is that? You have it written that the PVV has a brizanality of 25 mm, and according to the
handbook at TNT only 16 mm» The fact is that TNT 16 mm is a standard test for Hesse at a density
of 1.0 g/cm3
, and the ROE has a testoobraznuju structure to give these 1.0 g/cm3
Not so easy. In
equal conditions, when it is taken TNT of the same mass and the same density as the considered
Roe of their size brizantnosti if not identical, then at least comparable.
The word "plastit" (Plastite) also has a German proseWalking, so the Germans called their PVO
during World War II. They also produced Roe under the brand "Hexsoplast". For example,
"Hexsoplast-75" is known, containing 75% of Hexogen, 20% of the liquid mixture of
dinitrooluoles, 3.7% of TNT and 1.3% of nitrocellulose. Although, in theFrom literary sources,
Stetbaher indicates that under the brand "Plastit" was made one of the brands of Swiss Cheese In
the end of the 1930s.
The Americans in their encyclopedia went even further: they proudly declared that with the
beginning of the second MIWar, the Germans were forced to abandon the use of the
"Unique and inimitable" American Vaseline, delivered to the Germany From the US, and Which one
On plasticizing properties left behind Vaseline of other countries. Of course AndSome allegation is
absurd, etc. Few Later Americans Be quiet Slab German Hexoplast, Turning It In a truly American
product with Proud Name
"S-2" (by the way, S-1 was Too The Already have With British PE-2). Once again make SuThat
propaganda is not peculiar to the Only Councils/Russia, but also the "World stronghold of
Democracy".
But what I mean about Americans... About them will be still written... Let's go back to the
Germans. Captured trophy German Roe were analyzed, from what was done Conclusion that the
Germans used 3 types of Plastitis:
1) Rdx -69.5%, liquid mixture Dinitrtoluola + trotil-21%, nitrocellulose-3.5% and 6%
Vaseline.
2) Rdx -71.5%, liquid mixture Dinitrtoluola + trotil-25%, nitrocellulose-3.5%.
3) Rdx -74%, liquid mixture Dinitrtoluola + trotil-22%, nitrocellulose-4%. It's easy Notice A
what Quantity Rdx в These Compositions Not Exceeds 75%, Then As
The PvP of the time Produced in England contained already 88% of Hexogen (modern to 92%).
The fact is that modern grades of PVV are made on the basis of 2-fractions of hexogen (in the
language of Specialists – bimodone). Usually the first fraction of about 200-300 microns and the
second to 50 microns are used. Only in this case it is possible to achieve plasticity at thatLarge
content of the hexogen (to achieve a high filling ratio).
Germany has produced its own PVV in a fairly large number, the front felt Shortage Explosive
materials and Hexogen used "What There is no unnecessary operation, BoundedOh с Division On
Faction. В This Case Upper Limit Content