Inflation is defined as a rise in the prices of goods and a fall in purchasing power. It is caused when there is too much demand for goods or too much money in circulation. Inflation affects the entire economy and can be led by a drop in exchange rates, increased taxes or wages, or a rise in the money supply. To control inflation, policies should address the underlying cause, such as reducing excess demand, lowering production costs, or raising interest rates to decrease excess money circulation, while maintaining stable currency and commodity output levels. Inflation rates are measured using the consumer price index.
The document provides guidance and discussion points for students to consider when preparing an answer to the question "Neither producers nor audiences need stars anymore." It includes sample sentences to complete about the relevance of film stars, a UK box office report from 2009, potential reasons for the fall of star power, and instructions for students to create a mind map organizing arguments for and against the statement. The document aims to guide students in highlighting key evidence and structuring an exam-style response analyzing both sides of the argument.
The document discusses Todorov's narrative structure model and how it applies to TV crime dramas. Todorov's model includes 5 stages: 1) initial equilibrium, 2) a disruption such as a crime, 3) a character recognizes the disruption, 4) the character works to resolve the disruption by solving the crime, and 5) the situation is resolved and equilibrium is restored. The document instructs the reader to analyze the narrative structure of a crime drama episode based on Todorov's model and identify the enigma codes and action codes that drive the plot.
Private Joker is a character from the film Full Metal Jacket who undergoes an emotional transformation throughout the film. He starts as a smart-mouthed recruit who challenges his drill sergeant, but after experiencing the horrors of war in Vietnam, his cocky attitude is replaced with a deadened and numb response to the violence around him. By the end of the film, Private Joker has lost the rebellious spirit he once had and is now emotionally detached.
The document discusses representation in media texts and how people, places, and events are portrayed. It explains that representation involves depicting or describing something through symbols and can reflect or mediate reality through the use of media language and narratives. The document also discusses reflective and constructionist views of representation, with the constructionist view being that our understanding of the world is shaped by the representations presented in media texts.
This document discusses several online tools that are useful for entrepreneurs:
- AngelList is a platform for startups, investors, and job seekers that allows startups to raise funding for free.
- Meetup allows users to find and join local groups united by common interests like hobbies, careers, or activities.
- Fiverr is a global marketplace where freelancers offer services starting at $5 per job.
- Contently helps brands create and manage quality content by connecting them with freelance writers, photographers, and editors.
- Wix allows users to create websites and mobile sites using their online drag-and-drop tools.
El documento describe la educación ambiental, definiéndola como un proceso para preservar el patrimonio ambiental y crear modelos de desarrollo sostenible. Explica que la educación ambiental es importante para crear conciencia colectiva y legados naturales para futuras generaciones. También detalla estrategias para implementar la educación ambiental, como la coordinación interinstitucional, incluirla en la educación formal y no formal, fomentar la participación ciudadana e investigación, y formar educadores ambientales. Por último, resume una experiencia de educación ambiental
Inflation is defined as a rise in the prices of goods and a fall in purchasing power. It is caused when there is too much demand for goods or too much money in circulation. Inflation affects the entire economy and can be led by a drop in exchange rates, increased taxes or wages, or a rise in the money supply. To control inflation, policies should address the underlying cause, such as reducing excess demand, lowering production costs, or raising interest rates to decrease excess money circulation, while maintaining stable currency and commodity output levels. Inflation rates are measured using the consumer price index.
The document provides guidance and discussion points for students to consider when preparing an answer to the question "Neither producers nor audiences need stars anymore." It includes sample sentences to complete about the relevance of film stars, a UK box office report from 2009, potential reasons for the fall of star power, and instructions for students to create a mind map organizing arguments for and against the statement. The document aims to guide students in highlighting key evidence and structuring an exam-style response analyzing both sides of the argument.
The document discusses Todorov's narrative structure model and how it applies to TV crime dramas. Todorov's model includes 5 stages: 1) initial equilibrium, 2) a disruption such as a crime, 3) a character recognizes the disruption, 4) the character works to resolve the disruption by solving the crime, and 5) the situation is resolved and equilibrium is restored. The document instructs the reader to analyze the narrative structure of a crime drama episode based on Todorov's model and identify the enigma codes and action codes that drive the plot.
Private Joker is a character from the film Full Metal Jacket who undergoes an emotional transformation throughout the film. He starts as a smart-mouthed recruit who challenges his drill sergeant, but after experiencing the horrors of war in Vietnam, his cocky attitude is replaced with a deadened and numb response to the violence around him. By the end of the film, Private Joker has lost the rebellious spirit he once had and is now emotionally detached.
The document discusses representation in media texts and how people, places, and events are portrayed. It explains that representation involves depicting or describing something through symbols and can reflect or mediate reality through the use of media language and narratives. The document also discusses reflective and constructionist views of representation, with the constructionist view being that our understanding of the world is shaped by the representations presented in media texts.
This document discusses several online tools that are useful for entrepreneurs:
- AngelList is a platform for startups, investors, and job seekers that allows startups to raise funding for free.
- Meetup allows users to find and join local groups united by common interests like hobbies, careers, or activities.
- Fiverr is a global marketplace where freelancers offer services starting at $5 per job.
- Contently helps brands create and manage quality content by connecting them with freelance writers, photographers, and editors.
- Wix allows users to create websites and mobile sites using their online drag-and-drop tools.
El documento describe la educación ambiental, definiéndola como un proceso para preservar el patrimonio ambiental y crear modelos de desarrollo sostenible. Explica que la educación ambiental es importante para crear conciencia colectiva y legados naturales para futuras generaciones. También detalla estrategias para implementar la educación ambiental, como la coordinación interinstitucional, incluirla en la educación formal y no formal, fomentar la participación ciudadana e investigación, y formar educadores ambientales. Por último, resume una experiencia de educación ambiental
El documento describe cómo se aplicó la biotecnología para resolver problemas ambientales en una planta de beneficio animal en Yarumal, Antioquia, y en la recuperación de suelos agrícolas en Checua, Cundinamarca. En la planta de beneficio animal, se usaron microorganismos eficientes para mejorar el tratamiento de aguas residuales y reducir los malos olores, permitiendo reutilizar el agua tratada para fertilizar cultivos. En Checua, se implementó agricultura de conservación con abonos verdes y rotación de
The document discusses various words of different lengths and their meanings, including that "I" is the most selfish one-letter word to avoid, "WE" is the most satisfying two-letter word to use, and "EGO" is the most poisonous three-letter word to kill. It encourages valuing "LOVE", keeping your "SMILE", ignoring "RUMOUR", achieving "SUCCESS", distancing "JEALOUSY", acquiring "KNOWLEDGE", and trusting "CONFIDENCE".
El documento resume la primera reunión del pasante Carlos de Jesús Ramos con la Directora de la Unidad Educativa Bolivariana "Vitu" en Trujillo, Venezuela. La escuela ha adaptado su estructura para alinearse con la nueva transformación curricular. Los acuerdos de convivencia de la escuela cumplen con la ley y promueven valores éticos y morales para lograr un funcionamiento óptimo. El organigrama de la escuela muestra de forma circular a todos los actores de la comunidad educativa y las organizaciones externas asociadas.
This document provides a plyometric, functional, balance, flexibility, injury prevention and core workout program over 8 weeks. Each week consists of workouts on Monday, Wednesday and Friday focusing on different areas. The workouts include exercises like speed hops, lateral hops, box jumps, pushups, Russian twists, planks, hip raises and more. Variations and progressions are built in over the weeks by adding weight, changing surfaces, increasing reps or decreasing rest periods. The goal is a full body program addressing agility, strength, mobility and injury prevention.
Laura Mulvey's seminal essay discusses how classical Hollywood cinema portrays women through the "male gaze", objectifying and fetishizing the female form for the pleasure of the presumed male viewer. Mulvey argues that cinema actively promotes and reinforces patriarchal values through its visual styles and editing patterns. She calls for a revolution in cinema language and techniques to dismantle oppressive representations of women.
This document discusses film analysis and how meaning is constructed in films. It introduces key concepts like films being a form of communication where filmmakers encode messages for audiences to decode. It also discusses how films can be interpreted in different ways by different audiences based on their own experiences. Students are instructed to analyze short film clips, looking at micro elements like camera work, mise-en-scene, editing and how these techniques are used to elicit emotional responses and create meaning for the spectator. The goal is to understand how filmmakers manipulate audiences and how the spectator plays a role in interpreting meaning.
The document analyzes the cinematography techniques used in the film "The Fellowship of the Rings". It examines how the cinematographer captured the scope and scale of Middle Earth through wide shots that showed vast landscapes and established the epic nature of the story. Close-ups were used during intimate conversations between characters to build emotional connections and tension.
The document is a film analysis assignment for the movie Blue is the Warmest Color submitted by a student. It discusses how the film uses various cinematography techniques like close-up shots, changes in lighting, and long take shots to intensify the sense of reality and allow the audience to experience the emotions of the main character Adèle. It analyzes specific scenes to demonstrate how these techniques reveal Adèle's psychological and emotional development throughout the film. The student argues that this helps bring out the theme that Adèle's story represents a universal story of seeking love that audiences can relate to.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document provides a critique of the film 50 Shades of Grey, arguing that while it portrays some positive aspects of female sexuality, it ultimately idealizes and excuses an abusive relationship. Specifically:
1) The relationship between Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele is emotionally and physically abusive, with Grey stalking, controlling, and violating Steele's boundaries repeatedly without her consent.
2) While the BDSM sex scenes are respectfully portrayed, this does not excuse the overall storyline that allows Grey to completely abuse and manipulate Steele outside of their sexual activities.
3) By portraying Grey's abusive behavior as acceptable because he is dominant, the film sends the dangerous message that it is okay for men to control
Projecting h itler representations of adolf hitler in english language gilms South Sefton College
This thesis examines representations of Adolf Hitler in English-language films released between 1968 and 1990. It categorizes 35 films into prominent, satirical, and contextualizing representations, and analyzes whether each portrayal demonizes or humanizes Hitler. The thesis argues that films from 1968-1979 established Hitler as a sign of demonic evil, which was accepted in films from 1980-1990. However, two 1980s films humanized Hitler, hinting at changes in this portrayal. The thesis also discusses how film and historiography have both shaped popular conceptions of Hitler over the decades.
This article provides a summary and analysis of Oliver Hirschbiegel's 2004 film "Der Untergang" (Downfall) about Hitler's final days in the Führerbunker. It examines how the film portrays Hitler in the context of earlier German films that depicted Hitler. While the film was praised for its historical accuracy, some critics argue it promotes a self-pitying view of Germany as the last victim of Nazism. The article also discusses the debate around how and whether Hitler should be portrayed in film.
Bruno Ganz, a Swiss actor, discusses playing Adolf Hitler in the 2004 film Downfall. He took over a month to decide to accept the role, as portraying such an iconic figure was daunting. Ganz prepared extensively through research, including listening to rare recordings of Hitler speaking privately. On set, Ganz was able to get fully into character as Hitler during filming but leave him behind at other times. The physical resemblance between Ganz and Hitler surprised even Ganz himself. The film garnered praise, including from historians who knew Hitler, for the depth and accuracy of Ganz's unsettling portrayal of the Nazi leader.
1) Swiss actor Bruno Ganz played Adolf Hitler in the controversial 2004 film Downfall, which depicted the final days of Hitler's rule from his bunker in 1945.
2) The film sparked debate in Germany about whether it was acceptable to portray Hitler as a human being. Ganz said he focused on mimicking Hitler's physical mannerisms to avoid brooding on his deadly ideology.
3) The film was praised for its realistic portrayal of Hitler, though some critics felt it was too sympathetic to secondary Nazi characters. The director said that evil people are often charming and smiling, not easily recognized as monsters.
This dissertation examines how established theories of film spectatorship apply to understanding audience perceptions of animation. The author argues that while psychoanalytic, cognitive, and cultural studies approaches developed largely for live-action film can illuminate aspects of viewer responses to animation, some modifications are needed.
The dissertation consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of major theories of spectatorship and their potential relevance to animation. Chapters 2 and 3 apply select theories to case studies, demonstrating where established approaches apply to animation and where revisions are needed. Chapter 2 analyzes perceptions of realism and character engagement using cognitive theories. Chapter 3 examines how psychoanalytic and cultural studies theories must be modified to account for animation's distinctive depictions of gender
This article presents a general theory of film spectatorship from a cognitive perspective. It uses Thagard's concept of coherence as the driving force behind how spectators make sense of films. It applies Fauconnier and Turner's mental spaces theory to analyze scenes from Notorious and The Manchurian Candidate. It argues that spectators construct meaning by filling in gaps based on their knowledge to integrate disparate elements into a coherent understanding. Film spectatorship operates in three modes: being aware of the story, being aware of the medium, and being aware of how the film relates to the real world.
Sloth is a character in the 1985 film The Goonies who has physical and mental disabilities. He is kept chained in the basement by his cruel family and is frightening to viewers with his disfigured appearance. However, he forms an unlikely friendship with the character Chunk. Through their bond, the film demonstrates how people can connect despite differences. Sloth ultimately helps the main characters escape from his family, showing that those seen as outsiders can achieve great things. His story highlights issues of exploiting and marginalizing those with disabilities.
This literature review discusses several key areas relevant to analyzing Disney's portrayals of disability. It explores how mass media reflect dominant societal values and ideologies in a hegemonic way. A Marxist perspective is discussed for understanding how power and dominant readings influence media images. Current research on disability studies and the evolution of stereotypes in films are also reviewed to provide context for defining and examining disability portrayals.
El documento describe cómo se aplicó la biotecnología para resolver problemas ambientales en una planta de beneficio animal en Yarumal, Antioquia, y en la recuperación de suelos agrícolas en Checua, Cundinamarca. En la planta de beneficio animal, se usaron microorganismos eficientes para mejorar el tratamiento de aguas residuales y reducir los malos olores, permitiendo reutilizar el agua tratada para fertilizar cultivos. En Checua, se implementó agricultura de conservación con abonos verdes y rotación de
The document discusses various words of different lengths and their meanings, including that "I" is the most selfish one-letter word to avoid, "WE" is the most satisfying two-letter word to use, and "EGO" is the most poisonous three-letter word to kill. It encourages valuing "LOVE", keeping your "SMILE", ignoring "RUMOUR", achieving "SUCCESS", distancing "JEALOUSY", acquiring "KNOWLEDGE", and trusting "CONFIDENCE".
El documento resume la primera reunión del pasante Carlos de Jesús Ramos con la Directora de la Unidad Educativa Bolivariana "Vitu" en Trujillo, Venezuela. La escuela ha adaptado su estructura para alinearse con la nueva transformación curricular. Los acuerdos de convivencia de la escuela cumplen con la ley y promueven valores éticos y morales para lograr un funcionamiento óptimo. El organigrama de la escuela muestra de forma circular a todos los actores de la comunidad educativa y las organizaciones externas asociadas.
This document provides a plyometric, functional, balance, flexibility, injury prevention and core workout program over 8 weeks. Each week consists of workouts on Monday, Wednesday and Friday focusing on different areas. The workouts include exercises like speed hops, lateral hops, box jumps, pushups, Russian twists, planks, hip raises and more. Variations and progressions are built in over the weeks by adding weight, changing surfaces, increasing reps or decreasing rest periods. The goal is a full body program addressing agility, strength, mobility and injury prevention.
Laura Mulvey's seminal essay discusses how classical Hollywood cinema portrays women through the "male gaze", objectifying and fetishizing the female form for the pleasure of the presumed male viewer. Mulvey argues that cinema actively promotes and reinforces patriarchal values through its visual styles and editing patterns. She calls for a revolution in cinema language and techniques to dismantle oppressive representations of women.
This document discusses film analysis and how meaning is constructed in films. It introduces key concepts like films being a form of communication where filmmakers encode messages for audiences to decode. It also discusses how films can be interpreted in different ways by different audiences based on their own experiences. Students are instructed to analyze short film clips, looking at micro elements like camera work, mise-en-scene, editing and how these techniques are used to elicit emotional responses and create meaning for the spectator. The goal is to understand how filmmakers manipulate audiences and how the spectator plays a role in interpreting meaning.
The document analyzes the cinematography techniques used in the film "The Fellowship of the Rings". It examines how the cinematographer captured the scope and scale of Middle Earth through wide shots that showed vast landscapes and established the epic nature of the story. Close-ups were used during intimate conversations between characters to build emotional connections and tension.
The document is a film analysis assignment for the movie Blue is the Warmest Color submitted by a student. It discusses how the film uses various cinematography techniques like close-up shots, changes in lighting, and long take shots to intensify the sense of reality and allow the audience to experience the emotions of the main character Adèle. It analyzes specific scenes to demonstrate how these techniques reveal Adèle's psychological and emotional development throughout the film. The student argues that this helps bring out the theme that Adèle's story represents a universal story of seeking love that audiences can relate to.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document provides a critique of the film 50 Shades of Grey, arguing that while it portrays some positive aspects of female sexuality, it ultimately idealizes and excuses an abusive relationship. Specifically:
1) The relationship between Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele is emotionally and physically abusive, with Grey stalking, controlling, and violating Steele's boundaries repeatedly without her consent.
2) While the BDSM sex scenes are respectfully portrayed, this does not excuse the overall storyline that allows Grey to completely abuse and manipulate Steele outside of their sexual activities.
3) By portraying Grey's abusive behavior as acceptable because he is dominant, the film sends the dangerous message that it is okay for men to control
Projecting h itler representations of adolf hitler in english language gilms South Sefton College
This thesis examines representations of Adolf Hitler in English-language films released between 1968 and 1990. It categorizes 35 films into prominent, satirical, and contextualizing representations, and analyzes whether each portrayal demonizes or humanizes Hitler. The thesis argues that films from 1968-1979 established Hitler as a sign of demonic evil, which was accepted in films from 1980-1990. However, two 1980s films humanized Hitler, hinting at changes in this portrayal. The thesis also discusses how film and historiography have both shaped popular conceptions of Hitler over the decades.
This article provides a summary and analysis of Oliver Hirschbiegel's 2004 film "Der Untergang" (Downfall) about Hitler's final days in the Führerbunker. It examines how the film portrays Hitler in the context of earlier German films that depicted Hitler. While the film was praised for its historical accuracy, some critics argue it promotes a self-pitying view of Germany as the last victim of Nazism. The article also discusses the debate around how and whether Hitler should be portrayed in film.
Bruno Ganz, a Swiss actor, discusses playing Adolf Hitler in the 2004 film Downfall. He took over a month to decide to accept the role, as portraying such an iconic figure was daunting. Ganz prepared extensively through research, including listening to rare recordings of Hitler speaking privately. On set, Ganz was able to get fully into character as Hitler during filming but leave him behind at other times. The physical resemblance between Ganz and Hitler surprised even Ganz himself. The film garnered praise, including from historians who knew Hitler, for the depth and accuracy of Ganz's unsettling portrayal of the Nazi leader.
1) Swiss actor Bruno Ganz played Adolf Hitler in the controversial 2004 film Downfall, which depicted the final days of Hitler's rule from his bunker in 1945.
2) The film sparked debate in Germany about whether it was acceptable to portray Hitler as a human being. Ganz said he focused on mimicking Hitler's physical mannerisms to avoid brooding on his deadly ideology.
3) The film was praised for its realistic portrayal of Hitler, though some critics felt it was too sympathetic to secondary Nazi characters. The director said that evil people are often charming and smiling, not easily recognized as monsters.
This dissertation examines how established theories of film spectatorship apply to understanding audience perceptions of animation. The author argues that while psychoanalytic, cognitive, and cultural studies approaches developed largely for live-action film can illuminate aspects of viewer responses to animation, some modifications are needed.
The dissertation consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of major theories of spectatorship and their potential relevance to animation. Chapters 2 and 3 apply select theories to case studies, demonstrating where established approaches apply to animation and where revisions are needed. Chapter 2 analyzes perceptions of realism and character engagement using cognitive theories. Chapter 3 examines how psychoanalytic and cultural studies theories must be modified to account for animation's distinctive depictions of gender
This article presents a general theory of film spectatorship from a cognitive perspective. It uses Thagard's concept of coherence as the driving force behind how spectators make sense of films. It applies Fauconnier and Turner's mental spaces theory to analyze scenes from Notorious and The Manchurian Candidate. It argues that spectators construct meaning by filling in gaps based on their knowledge to integrate disparate elements into a coherent understanding. Film spectatorship operates in three modes: being aware of the story, being aware of the medium, and being aware of how the film relates to the real world.
Sloth is a character in the 1985 film The Goonies who has physical and mental disabilities. He is kept chained in the basement by his cruel family and is frightening to viewers with his disfigured appearance. However, he forms an unlikely friendship with the character Chunk. Through their bond, the film demonstrates how people can connect despite differences. Sloth ultimately helps the main characters escape from his family, showing that those seen as outsiders can achieve great things. His story highlights issues of exploiting and marginalizing those with disabilities.
This literature review discusses several key areas relevant to analyzing Disney's portrayals of disability. It explores how mass media reflect dominant societal values and ideologies in a hegemonic way. A Marxist perspective is discussed for understanding how power and dominant readings influence media images. Current research on disability studies and the evolution of stereotypes in films are also reviewed to provide context for defining and examining disability portrayals.
People painted over_whitewashing_of_minority_actors_in_recent_film-_and _tele...South Sefton College
This document discusses the practice of whitewashing in films, where minority roles are given to white actors instead. It provides examples from early films like Kung Fu and The Good Earth that cast white actors in Asian roles. More recently, The Last Airbender cast white actors in roles based on an Asian fantasy world, despite controversy. Arguments for colorblind casting or star power are criticized for perpetuating the marginalization of minority actors and erasing representation. Whitewashing has negative effects by influencing perceptions and limiting opportunities for minority actors.
Perception of mental illness based upon its portrayal in filmSouth Sefton College
This document summarizes an honors thesis from the University of Central Florida titled "Perception of Mental Illness Based Upon its Portrayal in Film" written by Erika Hanley in 2015. The thesis examines how portrayals of mental illness in films influence viewers' perceptions of mental illness through an online survey of 195 participants. Previous research found both negative and positive depictions of mental illness in films. The current study hypothesized that viewing more films depicting mental illness would correlate with greater knowledge and sympathy, and that perceptions would reflect stereotypes more than facts. It also hypothesized that women would express more sympathy than men. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.
This document discusses the concept of the "male gaze" in the film A Clockwork Orange, as analyzed by film theorist Laura Mulvey. It explains that Mulvey believes films typically depict women from the perspective of a heterosexual male gaze, as erotic objects for male characters and the audience. The document analyzes several scenes from the film through this lens, such as the opening shots introducing women and the "home invasion" scene. It argues that through techniques like camerawork and editing, the audience is encouraged to view the story and female characters from the perspective of the main character Alex, implicating us in his actions and allowing the male gaze.
French assimilation policy aimed to spread French culture and define citizens as either French or foreign. This led to divisions in society and a sense of displacement for youth. As assimilation failed to integrate migrants, it distorted cultures and elevated far-right politics. Youth felt rejected by French society and created their own identities by adopting surrogate cultures from the UK and US. Assimilation policies have deeply divided French society along ethnic and religious lines.
We will watch a sequence from Saving Private Ryan and analyze the cinematography techniques used by the director, including shot types, camera movements, and how they position the audience. Students must demonstrate their understanding of how the camera choices create and manipulate the audience's responses, and show an awareness of how individuals react to the text through their analysis, not just description. Their work will be assessed based on their use of technical language and depth of analysis.
This document provides an analysis of the film Rambo and how it advances Reagan-era conservative ideology. It argues that Rambo promotes militarism, imperialism, and hypermasculinity while depicting Americans as good and communists as evil. It also notes how Rambo appropriates some countercultural symbols but uses them to celebrate individualism and anti-statism, in line with Reaganism. The analysis emphasizes the need to consider how ideology operates through images and narratives in addition to explicit messages. Examining representations of gender and race is also important to fully understand a film's ideological workings.
This document provides guidance for students on writing a first draft of a presentation script for an A-level Film Studies course. It outlines the learning objectives, reviews the marking criteria which emphasizes demonstrating knowledge of the topic through research, and providing a new understanding. Students are instructed to mind map their key points, arguments and film clips, and put these in order in the template provided. The final task is to begin writing the first draft of the presentation script using the specified word document format, with the goal of meeting the marking criteria.