1) The COVID-19 pandemic is having disproportionate impacts on women and girls including increased risk of violence, greater mental health impacts due to increased caregiving responsibilities, and reduced access to sexual and reproductive health services.
2) Evidence from past epidemics and initial reports on COVID-19 suggest increases in domestic violence against women. Women also bear a greater burden of unpaid care work, negatively impacting their mental health.
3) During past outbreaks, resources were diverted from routine healthcare including services for women like maternal care and contraceptives. Projections estimate COVID-19 could lead to millions of unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions due to reduced access to family planning services.
This is an invited presentation for the Local Government Association Leadership Essentials course for senior officers and elected members on Mental Health and COVID impact
Did Covid-19 change who are and how we work?Renu Gundala
Impact of remote working on workplace behaviours, trends, organisational culture, and personality.
Have the impacts of covid-19 changed who we are? We’ll share our research global research exploring the impacts of remote working on workplace behaviours, the shifts in personality and emotional wellbeing, how the changes are reshaping organisations and ultimately what employers can do to create an effective organisational culture moving forward.
This is an invited presentation for the Local Government Association Leadership Essentials course for senior officers and elected members on Mental Health and COVID impact
Did Covid-19 change who are and how we work?Renu Gundala
Impact of remote working on workplace behaviours, trends, organisational culture, and personality.
Have the impacts of covid-19 changed who we are? We’ll share our research global research exploring the impacts of remote working on workplace behaviours, the shifts in personality and emotional wellbeing, how the changes are reshaping organisations and ultimately what employers can do to create an effective organisational culture moving forward.
Mental health effects of COVID-19 - How can dance help adapt to the persisten...Nicoletta P. Lekka
“Mental health effects of COVID-19 - How can dance help adapt to the persistent effects of COVID-19?” Webinar presentation, Dance for Health Summer School – The Rosella Hightower National Centre for Dance Excellence in Cannes, France
dance, dance for health, dance movement therapy, health, mental health, wellbeing
what are the mental health effects during COVID 19. symptoms, mental health effects in healthcare providers, in elderly, in covid patients and in children. how to manage these symptoms. psychological health of a person during coronavirus pandemic, WHO, health issues in people during COVID, effects of social media on mental health, psychotherapy and exercise
NURSES AT THE FRONTLINE:Coping with Psychosocial Challenges of the COVID-19 ...Angela Marie Kho
The COVID-19 pandemic has shone a light on the nursing profession. With nurses getting recognition for the vital role that they play during these times; the profession is evolving and must face new challenges.
What are psychological impacts of covid 19 pandemic & how to manage them MMJSanFrancisco
The coronavirus lockdown has put a great impact on the mental health of people. The majority of the individuals living in self-isolation are worried about their future, jobs, etc.
In the latest Global Advisory survey, 43 percent of the respondents said they are anxious about getting back to normal life. 34 percent of them are worried about their health, 12 percent are angry about restrictions about their freedom, and 15 percent are feeling lonely. The survey was conducted on 14,000 people in 15 major countries.
The State of Mental Health in the Time of COVID-19Daniel_Klem
As the world continues to adapt to the new normal brought about by COVID-19, a new health crisis might be on the rise. The strategies implemented to ensure public health have put individuals at risk of mental health issues. Health experts suggest that these are caused by several factors, including varying levels of fear, uncertainty, and grief.
Mental Health Challenges during the COVID-19 PandemicLisa Napolitano
A licensed psychologist with a PhD from Fordham University, Dr. Lisa Napolitano serves as the Founding Executive Director of CBT/DBT Associates in New York City. Like many other practicing psychologists, Dr. Lisa Napolitano has recently shifted to remote teletherapy services to continue offering mental health support during the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to a recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a significant number of adults in the US have reported adverse mental health conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The report, which appeared in the August 21, 2020, issue of MMWR Weekly, covered the findings of web-based surveys on a group of 5,412 adults who are representative of the US population in terms of age, gender, and race/ethnicity.
Among the respondents, nearly 41 percent reported at least one adverse behavioral or mental health condition resulting from the pandemic. The survey findings also show that the pandemic has disproportionately affected the mental health of racial/ethnic minorities, younger adults, essential workers, and adult caregivers. These groups also reported disproportionately worse increased substance abuse and elevated suicidal ideation during the pandemic.
Of course, anxiety and stress are natural responses to both threats and uncertainty, so it isn't surprising that many people's mental health has been affected by COVID-19. Adding to the stress related to the threat of the virus are changes to daily life that have people working from home and reducing physical contact with people outside of their families.
These stressful times make it important for everyone to monitor their own mental health and that of their loved ones, especially those who are isolated or working on the front lines of the pandemic. Fortunately, mental health professionals have adapted their services to ensure that professional help is available to those facing mental health challenges during this difficult situation.
Did psychotherapy move to ZOOM and phone during COVID-19 in CZ, DE and SK? (I...PeterTavel
Infographics based on our recently published article "Provision of psychotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Czech, German and Slovak Psychotherapists"
Original article published in July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Authors:
Elke Humer, Christoph Pieh, Martin Kuska, Antonia Barke, Bettina K. Doering, Katharina Gossmann, Radek Trnka, Zdenek Meier, Natalia Kascakova, Peter Tavel and Thomas Probst
Abstract:
Psychotherapists around the world are facing an unprecedented situation with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To combat the rapid spread of the virus, direct contact with others has to be avoided when possible. Therefore, remote psychotherapy provides a valuable option to continue mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the fear of psychotherapists to become infected with COVID-19 during psychotherapy in personal contact and assessed how the provision of psychotherapy changed due to the COVID-19 situation and whether there were differences with regard to country and gender. Psychotherapists from three European countries: Czech Republic (CZ, n = 112), Germany (DE, n = 130) and Slovakia (SK, n = 96), with on average 77.8% female participants, completed an online survey. Participants rated the fear of COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy and reported the number of patients treated on average per week (in personal contact, via telephone, via internet) during the COVID-19 situation as well as (retrospectively) in the months before. Fear of COVID-19 infection was highest in SK and lowest in DE (p < 0.001) and was higher in female compared to male psychotherapists (p = 0.021). In all countries, the number of patients treated on average per week in personal contact decreased (p < 0.001) and remote psychotherapies increased (p < 0.001), with more patients being treated via internet than via telephone during the COVID-19 situation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, female psychotherapists treated less patients in personal contact (p = 0.036), while they treated more patients via telephone than their male colleagues (p = 0.015). Overall, the total number of patients treated did not differ during COVID-19 from the months before (p = 0.133) and psychotherapy in personal contact remained the most common treatment modality. Results imply that the supply of mental health care could be maintained during COVID-19 and that changes in the provision of psychotherapy vary among countries and gender.
“The Experimental Child”: Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic o...Université de Montréal
World Psychiatric Association
World Congress – Bangkok, Thailand 2020
WPA-WASP Inter-organizational Symposium
“The Experimental Child”:
Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Children
and the Future of Social Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DFAPA, FCPA
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Montreal
President, Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP)
President-Elect, World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP)
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus pandemic a natural laboratory of stress offering social psychiatrists a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020). This exceptional set of circumstances – in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies – is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced experimental childhood in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions and prospective pediatric, psychological and social studies will be outlined.
Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi During the Second...Dr. Nasir Mustafa
Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi
During the Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi
During the Second Lockdown of COVID-19
Role of Media for Boosting the Morale of Audience during COVID 19 Pandemic A ...ijtsrd
Mass media is considered as a powerful force on shaping and presenting the world to the masses. The role of media in the times of crisis and how effectively public health communication is carried out by media is also studied here. The study brings out the relevance of media analysis during the time of pandemic and its effectiveness in communicating the information on pandemic to the masses. The study also aims to understand the role of opinion leader done by media during pandemic using survey method with structured questionnaire. The study has clearly shown justice to find out the role of media in promoting unity in pandemic times and also monitored media role of dissemination of true information to the masses. The study also focussed on effectiveness of crisis management by media during pandemic. Dr. Saranya Thaloor "Role of Media for Boosting the Morale of Audience during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31373.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/journalism/31373/role-of-media-for-boosting-the-morale-of-audience-during-covid19-pandemic-a-critical-study/dr-saranya-thaloor
Life Before and After Corona Virus:Will This Pandemic Affect Our Life?sonaliChannawar
Life was going very smoothly and busy before March 2020; with office work, daily lifestyle, exertion, habits, workload, tension, curiosity towards work, happiness and joyful life but suddenly life was changed after March 2020. As we know all are suffering from the worst situation due to COVID-19. All are trying to adjust their life in this pandemic situation. We all know how COVID-19 has affected people from all walks of life. There have been so many changes in the past four five months. Loneliness, feeling unhappy, depression, work & food insecurities, Anxiety towards job, virus fear is now worrying everyone. Imagine if this pandemic becomes a routine, then human interaction would become more fearful than joyful. Entire world has come to a complete standstill. Is this going to be a new normal or are we going to get rid of this pandemic soon? Let us try to know how every individual’s world may change and transform once we all have left the pandemic behind. Due to COVID -19 education field is suffer mostly and labor class people also suffer badly because less no. of money, not sufficient food, no work. How people go ahead with COVID-19
Mental Health in a Time of COVID-19: Preparing Faith and Community PartnersStephen Grcevich, MD
Key Ministry’s President & Founder, Dr. Steve Grcevich, co-presented with Kay Warren and former congressman Dr. Tim Murphy for this webinar from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The aim was to help churches and religious leaders of all faiths respond to #mentalhealth support needs arising from #COVID19. Link to video: https://youtu.be/C8Zzgw4ihOg
Mental health effects of COVID-19 - How can dance help adapt to the persisten...Nicoletta P. Lekka
“Mental health effects of COVID-19 - How can dance help adapt to the persistent effects of COVID-19?” Webinar presentation, Dance for Health Summer School – The Rosella Hightower National Centre for Dance Excellence in Cannes, France
dance, dance for health, dance movement therapy, health, mental health, wellbeing
what are the mental health effects during COVID 19. symptoms, mental health effects in healthcare providers, in elderly, in covid patients and in children. how to manage these symptoms. psychological health of a person during coronavirus pandemic, WHO, health issues in people during COVID, effects of social media on mental health, psychotherapy and exercise
NURSES AT THE FRONTLINE:Coping with Psychosocial Challenges of the COVID-19 ...Angela Marie Kho
The COVID-19 pandemic has shone a light on the nursing profession. With nurses getting recognition for the vital role that they play during these times; the profession is evolving and must face new challenges.
What are psychological impacts of covid 19 pandemic & how to manage them MMJSanFrancisco
The coronavirus lockdown has put a great impact on the mental health of people. The majority of the individuals living in self-isolation are worried about their future, jobs, etc.
In the latest Global Advisory survey, 43 percent of the respondents said they are anxious about getting back to normal life. 34 percent of them are worried about their health, 12 percent are angry about restrictions about their freedom, and 15 percent are feeling lonely. The survey was conducted on 14,000 people in 15 major countries.
The State of Mental Health in the Time of COVID-19Daniel_Klem
As the world continues to adapt to the new normal brought about by COVID-19, a new health crisis might be on the rise. The strategies implemented to ensure public health have put individuals at risk of mental health issues. Health experts suggest that these are caused by several factors, including varying levels of fear, uncertainty, and grief.
Mental Health Challenges during the COVID-19 PandemicLisa Napolitano
A licensed psychologist with a PhD from Fordham University, Dr. Lisa Napolitano serves as the Founding Executive Director of CBT/DBT Associates in New York City. Like many other practicing psychologists, Dr. Lisa Napolitano has recently shifted to remote teletherapy services to continue offering mental health support during the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to a recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a significant number of adults in the US have reported adverse mental health conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The report, which appeared in the August 21, 2020, issue of MMWR Weekly, covered the findings of web-based surveys on a group of 5,412 adults who are representative of the US population in terms of age, gender, and race/ethnicity.
Among the respondents, nearly 41 percent reported at least one adverse behavioral or mental health condition resulting from the pandemic. The survey findings also show that the pandemic has disproportionately affected the mental health of racial/ethnic minorities, younger adults, essential workers, and adult caregivers. These groups also reported disproportionately worse increased substance abuse and elevated suicidal ideation during the pandemic.
Of course, anxiety and stress are natural responses to both threats and uncertainty, so it isn't surprising that many people's mental health has been affected by COVID-19. Adding to the stress related to the threat of the virus are changes to daily life that have people working from home and reducing physical contact with people outside of their families.
These stressful times make it important for everyone to monitor their own mental health and that of their loved ones, especially those who are isolated or working on the front lines of the pandemic. Fortunately, mental health professionals have adapted their services to ensure that professional help is available to those facing mental health challenges during this difficult situation.
Did psychotherapy move to ZOOM and phone during COVID-19 in CZ, DE and SK? (I...PeterTavel
Infographics based on our recently published article "Provision of psychotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Czech, German and Slovak Psychotherapists"
Original article published in July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Authors:
Elke Humer, Christoph Pieh, Martin Kuska, Antonia Barke, Bettina K. Doering, Katharina Gossmann, Radek Trnka, Zdenek Meier, Natalia Kascakova, Peter Tavel and Thomas Probst
Abstract:
Psychotherapists around the world are facing an unprecedented situation with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To combat the rapid spread of the virus, direct contact with others has to be avoided when possible. Therefore, remote psychotherapy provides a valuable option to continue mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the fear of psychotherapists to become infected with COVID-19 during psychotherapy in personal contact and assessed how the provision of psychotherapy changed due to the COVID-19 situation and whether there were differences with regard to country and gender. Psychotherapists from three European countries: Czech Republic (CZ, n = 112), Germany (DE, n = 130) and Slovakia (SK, n = 96), with on average 77.8% female participants, completed an online survey. Participants rated the fear of COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy and reported the number of patients treated on average per week (in personal contact, via telephone, via internet) during the COVID-19 situation as well as (retrospectively) in the months before. Fear of COVID-19 infection was highest in SK and lowest in DE (p < 0.001) and was higher in female compared to male psychotherapists (p = 0.021). In all countries, the number of patients treated on average per week in personal contact decreased (p < 0.001) and remote psychotherapies increased (p < 0.001), with more patients being treated via internet than via telephone during the COVID-19 situation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, female psychotherapists treated less patients in personal contact (p = 0.036), while they treated more patients via telephone than their male colleagues (p = 0.015). Overall, the total number of patients treated did not differ during COVID-19 from the months before (p = 0.133) and psychotherapy in personal contact remained the most common treatment modality. Results imply that the supply of mental health care could be maintained during COVID-19 and that changes in the provision of psychotherapy vary among countries and gender.
“The Experimental Child”: Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic o...Université de Montréal
World Psychiatric Association
World Congress – Bangkok, Thailand 2020
WPA-WASP Inter-organizational Symposium
“The Experimental Child”:
Developmental Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Children
and the Future of Social Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DFAPA, FCPA
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Montreal
President, Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP)
President-Elect, World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP)
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus pandemic a natural laboratory of stress offering social psychiatrists a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020). This exceptional set of circumstances – in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies – is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced experimental childhood in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions and prospective pediatric, psychological and social studies will be outlined.
Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi During the Second...Dr. Nasir Mustafa
Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi
During the Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi
During the Second Lockdown of COVID-19
Role of Media for Boosting the Morale of Audience during COVID 19 Pandemic A ...ijtsrd
Mass media is considered as a powerful force on shaping and presenting the world to the masses. The role of media in the times of crisis and how effectively public health communication is carried out by media is also studied here. The study brings out the relevance of media analysis during the time of pandemic and its effectiveness in communicating the information on pandemic to the masses. The study also aims to understand the role of opinion leader done by media during pandemic using survey method with structured questionnaire. The study has clearly shown justice to find out the role of media in promoting unity in pandemic times and also monitored media role of dissemination of true information to the masses. The study also focussed on effectiveness of crisis management by media during pandemic. Dr. Saranya Thaloor "Role of Media for Boosting the Morale of Audience during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31373.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/journalism/31373/role-of-media-for-boosting-the-morale-of-audience-during-covid19-pandemic-a-critical-study/dr-saranya-thaloor
Life Before and After Corona Virus:Will This Pandemic Affect Our Life?sonaliChannawar
Life was going very smoothly and busy before March 2020; with office work, daily lifestyle, exertion, habits, workload, tension, curiosity towards work, happiness and joyful life but suddenly life was changed after March 2020. As we know all are suffering from the worst situation due to COVID-19. All are trying to adjust their life in this pandemic situation. We all know how COVID-19 has affected people from all walks of life. There have been so many changes in the past four five months. Loneliness, feeling unhappy, depression, work & food insecurities, Anxiety towards job, virus fear is now worrying everyone. Imagine if this pandemic becomes a routine, then human interaction would become more fearful than joyful. Entire world has come to a complete standstill. Is this going to be a new normal or are we going to get rid of this pandemic soon? Let us try to know how every individual’s world may change and transform once we all have left the pandemic behind. Due to COVID -19 education field is suffer mostly and labor class people also suffer badly because less no. of money, not sufficient food, no work. How people go ahead with COVID-19
Mental Health in a Time of COVID-19: Preparing Faith and Community PartnersStephen Grcevich, MD
Key Ministry’s President & Founder, Dr. Steve Grcevich, co-presented with Kay Warren and former congressman Dr. Tim Murphy for this webinar from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The aim was to help churches and religious leaders of all faiths respond to #mentalhealth support needs arising from #COVID19. Link to video: https://youtu.be/C8Zzgw4ihOg
Factors Influencing Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of HIV AIDS in Fako ...ijtsrd
There is a prevalence of HIV AIDS in the society among men and women and there is gender disparity in the prevalence of HIV AIDS. Biological and other factors are pointing to the fact that the women are more vulnerable and therefore have more possibilities of spreading it. This study was done in Fako Division in the South West Region of Cameroon. The general objective of this study was to investigate the factors leading to the gender disparity in the prevalence of HIV AIDS. The research is a descriptive survey. The target population was the HIV AIDS patients that are treated in the Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals. These hospitals were purposively selected with a purposive sampling of 50 males and female. This research involves the use of both primary and secondary data with the use of questionnaires, check list and review of secondary data on problems leading to a gender difference in the prevalence of HIV AIDS in these areas. Analysis of data was done with the use of windows SPSS. Findings of the study show that there is a high gender difference of about 39.21 in Buea Regional Hospital and a gender difference of 24.4 in Limbe Regional Hospital. Some factors were found responsible for this disparity that include early start of sexual activities for females, low level of education, multiple sexual partners, unemployment for females and others. Recommendations have been made to the government, the women themselves, health professionals, NGOs and other significant stakeholders. Bisong Prisca Mboh "Factors Influencing Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Fako Division Cameroon: Case Study of Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29236.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/29236/factors-influencing-gender-disparities-in-the-prevalence-of-hivaids-in-fako-division-cameroon-case-study-of-limbe-and-buea-regional-hospitals/bisong-prisca-mboh
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); HIV-related stigma is a global issue. Its perpetuation varies in magnitude across and within countries, and serves as a major barrier to HIV prevention efforts.
HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES IN UGANDA PRESENTATIONThomas Owondo
Traditional cultural practices: They reflect values & beliefs held by members of a community for periods often spanning generations. Some are beneficial, some have neither benefits nor harms, and some are harmful to a specific group e.g. Female Genital Mutilation & child marriage.
Female genital mutilation (FGM): Any procedure that involves the partial or total removal of external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
Child marriage: Formal marriage or informal union before the age of 18 years.
Harmful traditional practices among adolescents are an important problem:
Over 200 million girls & women are estimated to be living with the effects of FGM which is predominantly performed on girls under the age of 18 years.
Every year, about 12 million girls are married before the age of 18.
Harmful traditional practices among adolescents can have serious health & social consequences:
FGM has no known health benefits,. It can cause immediate health consequences - hemorrhage, shock, infections & death & can cause long-term health & social consequences such as post-traumatic stress disorder & menstrual health problems. Women with type III FGM have an increased likelihood of experiencing problems during child birth. Babies born to children with FGM are at increased risk of neonatal complications.
Child marriage often leads to early childbearing in young girls which is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy-related mortality & morbidity and of increased risk of mortality and morbidity in babies born to a adolescent mothers. Child marriage is also associated with an increased risk of intimate partner violence. Finally, it has a negative effect on educational attainment.
Running Head CORONAVIRUS1CORONA VIRUS2C.docxtodd271
Running Head: CORONAVIRUS 1
CORONA VIRUS 2
Coronavirus
Eqbal Danish
University of Maryland Global Campus
18 April 19, 2020
What is Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19?)
Towards the end of the year 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) got was informed of pneumonia cases in Wuhan City, China, of unknown cause. A novel coronavirus got was identified as the leading cause by the Chinese government authorities on 7th January 2020, whereby it got named “2019-nCoV” (Wu et al. 2020). Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large viruses’ family causing illness which that ranges from the common cold to more severe diseases. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) happens to be a new strain and has not got been identified previously in humans (Wu et al. 2020). Across the globe, countries have heightened their surveillance to diagnose the potential new cases of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19 quickly. OK – here you need a clear thesis that seems to be the impact of gender and treatment of the corona virus. First, use of women and their role in this crisis, second, specific policies in the U.S need amendments to incorporate the gendered impacts of disease outbreaks, third, risks associated with artificial intelligence in the study of gendered impacts of COVID-19.
More individuals infected with this novel coronavirus have since got identified in China, as well as cases imported into other states, European Region incorporated. European Region countries get encouraged to continue in the preparation in case the new virus gets imported (Lu et al. 2020). WHO has to ensure guidance for all countries gets published, including how the sick people get to get monitored, samples testing, treatment of the patients, infection control in health centres, right samples maintenance, and communication with the public (Lu et al. 2020). The standard recommendation to have the infection spread prevented for travellers in or from areas affected include covering nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing, hand washing, and avoiding close contact with individuals showing respiratory illness symptoms.
What are the dangers of ignoring the contribution of women in surveillance, detection, and prevention of diseases?
Throughout history, women’s central role in the society has ensured progress, stability, and developments which are long-term of the nations across the globe. Globally, research shows that 43% of the agricultural labor force of the world get comprised of women which in some countries it raises to 70%. It gets accepted that agriculture can be the growth engine in almost every state (Ma et al. 2020). Therefore, women show great potential when it comes to the fighting of the global epidemic currently, coronavirus disease, COVID-2019, and ignoring the women will lead to failure in some sectors such as detention, surveillance, and prevention of COVID-2019.
Primarily, women are the elders and children’s caretakers in every country of the world. The international studies demonstrate that whe.
Running Head CORONAVIRUS1CORONA VIRUS2C.docxhealdkathaleen
Running Head: CORONAVIRUS 1
CORONA VIRUS 2
Coronavirus
Eqbal Danish
University of Maryland Global Campus
18 April 19, 2020
What is Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19?)
Towards the end of the year 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) got was informed of pneumonia cases in Wuhan City, China, of unknown cause. A novel coronavirus got was identified as the leading cause by the Chinese government authorities on 7th January 2020, whereby it got named “2019-nCoV” (Wu et al. 2020). Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large viruses’ family causing illness which that ranges from the common cold to more severe diseases. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) happens to be a new strain and has not got been identified previously in humans (Wu et al. 2020). Across the globe, countries have heightened their surveillance to diagnose the potential new cases of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19 quickly. OK – here you need a clear thesis that seems to be the impact of gender and treatment of the corona virus. First, use of women and their role in this crisis, second, specific policies in the U.S need amendments to incorporate the gendered impacts of disease outbreaks, third, risks associated with artificial intelligence in the study of gendered impacts of COVID-19.
More individuals infected with this novel coronavirus have since got identified in China, as well as cases imported into other states, European Region incorporated. European Region countries get encouraged to continue in the preparation in case the new virus gets imported (Lu et al. 2020). WHO has to ensure guidance for all countries gets published, including how the sick people get to get monitored, samples testing, treatment of the patients, infection control in health centres, right samples maintenance, and communication with the public (Lu et al. 2020). The standard recommendation to have the infection spread prevented for travellers in or from areas affected include covering nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing, hand washing, and avoiding close contact with individuals showing respiratory illness symptoms.
What are the dangers of ignoring the contribution of women in surveillance, detection, and prevention of diseases?
Throughout history, women’s central role in the society has ensured progress, stability, and developments which are long-term of the nations across the globe. Globally, research shows that 43% of the agricultural labor force of the world get comprised of women which in some countries it raises to 70%. It gets accepted that agriculture can be the growth engine in almost every state (Ma et al. 2020). Therefore, women show great potential when it comes to the fighting of the global epidemic currently, coronavirus disease, COVID-2019, and ignoring the women will lead to failure in some sectors such as detention, surveillance, and prevention of COVID-2019.
Primarily, women are the elders and children’s caretakers in every country of the world. The international studies demonstrate that whe ...
[[INOSR ES 11(2)134-147 Evaluation of the Infant Mortality rate at Ishaka Adv...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Evaluation of the Infant Mortality rate at Ishaka Adventist Hospital Bushenyi District
Mugaaga Paul
Department of Clinical Medicine Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________ABSTRACT
Infant mortality is defined as the death of an infant before his or her first birthday, mainly caused by dehydration, diseases, congenital malformations and infections. The main objective of this study was to establish the determinants of infant mortality in Ishaka Adventist Hospital (IAH) in the months of April- July 2017, in Ishaka municipality in Bushenyi district. A descriptive cross sectional study design was used to determine the determinants of infant mortality in the study area. Majority of respondent (98%) were female and among them, 25.5% reported to have lost at least an infant and most of these respondents (70%) were married while 5% were widowed and among these, 40% reported to have lost an infant. Religiously, majority of the respondents (80%) were Christians, while 13% were Muslim and 7% constituted other religions including paganism, which showed the greatest infant mortality rate (71.4%). Most of the respondents (65%) attained primary level of education while 5% did not go to school at all, and the highest infant mortality rate (40%) was reported among these. The respondents who reported to have had preterm births appeared to have a higher infant mortality rate (65%) than those who did not report preterm births. A higher infant mortality rate (32.2%) was realized among respondents who reported their infants to have had such co-morbidities than those who didn’t report any co-morbidities like malaria and also a higher infant mortality rate (50%) was realized among infants who had not exclusively breastfed. Majority of respondents (80%) did not have children with birth defects while only 20% had children with birth defect, and a higher infant mortality rate of 70% was realized among these. Demographically, infant mortality rate is high among teenagers, the unemployed, the widowed, the pagans, and the uneducated. Direct determinants of infant mortality rate included preterm birth, birth defects, comorbidities and failure to breastfeed exclusively. Proximate determinants associated with infant mortality rate included teenage pregnancies, source of water, means of delivery and irregular immunization. Exclusive breast feeding for 6 months, mass immunization campaign up to grass root, intensive health education on health seeking behaviors and highlighting on dangers associated with risky behaviors and high quality monitoring and evaluation for quick action particularly for emergencies. There is also need for intersectional collaboration and initiation of income generating activities to boost their standards of living.
Keywords: Infant mortality, Breastfeeding, Morbidity, Determinants, Respondents.
Since the emergency of COVID-19 pandemics, many countries have been encountered a multitude of challenges. People have been facing health related and other social consequences throughout the world. It is too early to know the aggravated impact of COVID-19 on people living in resource-limited setting, like east Africa countries. In these countries, besides direct public health impact, the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked social stigma and discriminatory behaviors against people of certain ethnic backgrounds as well as anyone perceived to have been in contact with the virus. Social stigma can negatively affect those with the disease, as well as their caregivers, family, friends and communities.COVID-19 pandemics have also been provoked great impacts on daily social consumptions such as food and other food supplements. In addition, COVID-19 pandemic were overshadowed endemics diseases such as malaria, TB and HIV related care and antenatal care services as well as other non-communicable diseases prevention and control. Social stigma coupled with other consequences could result in more severe health problems, can undermine social cohesion and prompt possible social isolation of groups, which might contribute to a situation where the virus is more, not less, likely to spread and difficulties controlling a disease outbreak. Therefore, how we communicate about COVID-19 is critical in supporting people to take effective action to help combat the disease and to avoid fuelling fear and stigma. An environment needs to be created in which the disease and its impact can be discussed and addressed openly, honestly and effectively. This is a message for government, media and local organizations working on the COVID-19 infections.
This interactive webinar is part of the world tour series designed by the World Health Organization's Patients for Patient Safety (PFPS) Global Network and hosted by Patients for Patient Safety Canada, the patient-led program of the Canadian Patient Safety Institute, a WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety and Patient Engagement.
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Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been in existence for more than twenty years and women account for nearly half the 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS. Women’s rate of new infection surpasses men’s because biological, cultural, and social economic conditions contribute to women’s greater vulnerability to HIV. The challenges that these low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS face are social, economic, and psychological. When a woman is sick the family’s property, the children’s education, savings and food security are threatened because women provide the majority of labour and managerial services for their household. The purpose of the study was to establish the social challenges that face low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS. A sample of 248 out of a population of 700 who were receiving Home Based Care within Nakuru Municipality was selected. The study was a survey where Questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that low income women living with HIV/AIDS faced various social challenges such as shame, discrimination, and causing strain in the family among others. The disparities that existed among the singles and the married revealed that one’s marital status determined the extent to which one was ashamed, evoked negative changes in the behaviour of family members and experienced discrimination based on their HIV/AIDS status. The implications of the findings is that the public support for the low-income women living with HIV/AIDS is inadequate and mostly material, and emotional support is also crucial in the management and coping with HIV/AIDS.
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This includes tasks like:
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Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
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Policy brief impact-of-covid-19-on-women
1. POLICY BRIEF: THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON WOMEN 1
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the world to
embrace a new normal, with self-isolation and physical
distancing being the global way of life today. And while
such preventive measures are critical, combating the
COVID-19 crisis necessitates a robust and inclusive
societal and health system response, bearing in mind the
specific needs of vulnerable populations.
Policies and public health efforts have not addressed the
gendered impacts of disease outbreaks. The COVID-19
pandemic is deepening pre-existing inequalities,
exposing vulnerabilities in social, political and economic
systems, which are in turn amplifying the impacts of
the pandemic. Across every sphere, from health to the
economy, the impact of COVID-19 are exacerbated for
women and girls.
This policy brief explores the differential impact of COVID-19
and makes recommendations to ensure that women and
girls remain central to COVID-19 response planning and
recovery efforts.
Increased risk to women
Evidence from past epidemics, including Ebola (2014-16)
and Zika (2016) suggests that women and children are at
greater risk of exploitation and sexual violence.1
Increasing
the risks of violence for women were increased stress,
the disruption of social and protective networks, and
decreased access to services. Efforts to contain outbreaks
have in the past diverted resources from routine health
services including pre- and post-natal health care and
contraceptives,2
and exacerbated already limited access
to sexual and reproductive health services.3
The Report of the High-Level Panel on the Global
Response to Health Crises, set up by the United Nations
(UN) Secretary-General, submitted in 20164
underscored
in its recommendations ‘Focusing attention on the
gender dimensions of global health crises’. It noted the
need to incorporate gender analysis into responses,
as well as recognize the critical role played by women
in responding to health emergencies. It further stated
that ‘policy-makers and outbreak responders need to
pay attention to gender-related roles and social and
cultural practices’. Yet evidence across sectors, including
economic planning and emergency response, continue
to lack a gender lens. Less than one percent of published
research papers on both Ebola and Zika outbreaks
focused on the gender dimensions of the emergencies.5
Research on the gendered implications of previous
health emergencies is even more scarce.
Economic Impact
Emerging evidence on the impact of COVID-19 suggests
that women’s economic and productive lives will be
affected disproportionately and differently from men.6
Across the globe, women earn less, save less, hold less
secure jobs, and are more likely to be employed in the
informal sector. In developing economies 70% of women
work in the informal sector with few protections against
dismissal or for paid sick leave and limited access to social
protection.7
The Ebola virus showed that quarantines can
significantly reduce women’s economic and livelihood
activities, increasing poverty rates, and exacerbating
food insecurity.8
In India, the nationwide lockdown
imposed by the government has left millions of migrant
women unemployed and starved for food, placing a
huge financial burden on these women, who contribute
substantially to their household income.
On an average, women spend two times as many hours
as men doing unpaid caregiving work as well as domestic
work. With health facilities being overburdened and
non- COVID-19 related health and social services being
scaled down, women will be primary, unpaid caregivers
to ailing family members, including children and old
people. Women’s greater involvement in the unpaid care
economy could also impact their already low workforce
participation rate. It is imperative to recognize women’s
caregiving responsibilities and include this work in
economic metrics and decision-making.
Health Impact
Restrictive social norms, gender stereotypes, home
quarantininganddiversionofresourcestorespondtothe
COVID-19 pandemic can limit women’s ability to access
health services as well as make them more susceptible
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19
ON WOMEN
POLICY BRIEF
2020 | JULY
2. 2 Population Foundation of India
to health risks. Global lockdowns have led to several
women being stuck at home with their perpetrators
and incidents and reports of violence against women
has been on a rise globally. Women’s access to sexual
and reproductive health services has also been severely
impacted due to the COVID-19 emergency response and
global lockdowns. Multiple responsibilities has also put
severe strain on their mental health.
1. Violence against women and girls
According to the WHO, violence against women remains
a major threat to global public health and women’s
health during emergencies. Although data are scarce,
reports from China, the United Kingdom, the United
States, and other countries suggest an increase in
domestic violence cases since the COVID-19 outbreak
began. The National Commission of Women in India has
also reported a surge in the reported cases of violence
in the country. Stress, the disruption of social and
protective networks, and decreased access to services
can all exacerbate the risk of violence for women. As
distancing measures are put in place and people are
encouraged to stay at home, the risk of intimate partner
violence is likely to increase.
In India, 1 in 4 girls get married by age of 18 years (27%
prevalence).9
One third (32 per cent) of women who
had married before the age of 18 had experienced
physical violence at the hands of their husbands. The
sex ratio at birth in India is 899 girls for every 1,000 boys
born.10
According to UNFPA’s recently released State of
the World Population (SWOP) report, COVID 19 may
exacerbate the already concerning numbers around
early marriage, violence and sex birth ratio at birth.11
UNFPA’s recent projections estimate that 31 million
additional cases of gender-based violence can be
expected to occur if the lockdown continues for at
least six months. For every three months the lockdown
continues, an additional 15 million extra cases of gender-
based violence are expected. The projections further
suggest that due to the disruption of programmes to
prevent female genital mutilation in response to
COVID-19, two million female genital mutilation cases
may occur over the next decade that could have been
averted. COVID-19 will disrupt efforts to end child
To assess the impact of COVID-19 on young people,
girls and women and their access to health services,
Population Foundation of India (PFI) commissioned two
rapid telephonic surveys; first, with front line workers,
grassroots organizations and community members in
five states (Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Rajasthan and
Uttar Pradesh), and second, with young people (15-24
years) in three states of Bihar, Rajasthan and Uttar
Pradesh. Key findings from the studies are shared
below:
Awareness and perceptions regarding Covid-19
•
• Both front-line workers (FLWs) and community
members in five states were aware of the disease,
its symptoms, and preventive measures to be
followed.
•
• There was a predominant perception of fear among
FLWs and community members often leading to
discriminatory behaviour and stigma.
•
• Young people’s awareness on the symptoms of
COVID-19 in Rajasthan, UP and Bihar was high.
•
• Sources of information- For community members,
media and family members were the major source.
FLWs received information from capacity building
sessions, colleagues and media while young people
received information from traditional media and
face-to-face interactions with FLWs.
Availability of and access to healthcare
•
• While OPD services were functional, communities
were encouraged to access health care for deliveries
or medical emergencies only.
•
• The fear of being infected kept many away from
accessing services at health facilities and led to
resistance in interacting with ASHAs and ANMs on
family planning during their home visits.
•
• Consistent with national guidelines and state orders,
across states, Village and Health Nutrition Days
(VHNDs) were suspended during lockdown period.
•
• In absence of VHND and service provision by ANMs
in villages, nearly 50 percent or more FLWs reported
that women were not accessing Ante-natal care
(ANC) services; and 70 percent or more reported
beneficiaries not accessing immunization services.
•
• Young people in UP, Bihar and Rajasthan reported
an unmet need for reproductive health services,
sanitary pads and IFAs during the lockdown.
•
• While contraceptives were available at the district
level, limited access to public transport prevented
FLWs to collect supplies from PHCs/CHCs.
•
• Concerns were raised around complications arising
from limited availability of essential and emergency
health services,
•
• Concerns were also raised around increase in
unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions due
to inadequate supply of contraceptives and limited
service provision.
•
• Increase in domestic violence at home were only
reported by one-fourth of the participants, most of
which were women.
•
• Young people expressed the need for mental health
care services, and those who have used these, have
found them to be positively influential.
PFI’s studies to assess the impact of COVID-19
3. POLICY BRIEF: THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON WOMEN 3
marriage, potentially resulting in an additional 13
million child marriages taking place between 2020 and
2030 that could otherwise have been averted.12
The health impacts of violence, particularly intimate
partner/domestic violence, on women and their
children, are significant. This can result in injuries and
serious physical, mental, sexual and reproductive health
problems, including sexually transmitted infections,
HIV, and unplanned pregnancies. Violence not only
negatively impacts women but also their families, the
community and the nation at large. It has tremendous
costs, from greater health care and legal expenses and
losses in productivity, impacting national budgets and
overall development.13
2. Mental health
While there have been reports suggesting that men,
the elderly, and persons with compromised immune
systems may be at be greatest risk of fatality from
COVID-19, the greater caregiving role that women and
girls are expected to perform may compromise their
mental health and well-being. Results from a recent PFI
study to assess the knowledge and impact of COVID-19
on young people in three Indian states of Uttar Pradesh
(UP), Bihar and Rajasthan show that 51% female
adolescents experienced an increase in workload during
the nationwide lockdown, as compared to 23% male
adolescents. In UP 96% females experienced an increase
in workload, with 67% being below 18 years of age.14
Specific population groups are showing high degrees
of COVID-19-related psychological distress. Frontline
healthcare workers are facing backlash from
communities leading to stress. In the wake of the
lockdown, people across all strata and age groups
are finding it increasingly difficult to deal with social
isolation and stress at home, with some facing increased
abuse, disrupted education and uncertainty about their
futures.
In addition to the caregiving burden, social norms in
some contexts dictate that women and girls are the
last to receive medical attention when they become ill,
which could hinder their ability to receive timely care
for COVID-19. Furthermore, myths, misconceptions
and stigma surrounding COVID-19 can further drive
people, particularly vulnerable sections like women and
childrenparticularly vulnerable sections like women and
children to hide their illness to avoid discrimination.
This would prevent people from seeking health care
immediately as well as discourage them from adopting
healthy behaviours.
The caregiving responsibilities of women extend
beyond their homes, with women making up 70 percent
of the health workforce globally.15
In India, there are
1 million ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activists)16
,
0.9 million ANMs (Auxiliary Nurse Midwives)17
and 1.4
million nutrition workers called Anganwadi workers.18
During the ongoing crisis, these frontline health workers
are leading the health system’s response to COVID-19.
In Italy 66% of the total health workers infected with
COVID-19 are women while in Spain 72% of the total
infected health workers are female.19
Outbreaks could also result in disruptions to mental
health and psychosocial support services. Given the
increase in such cases during the COVID-19 outbreak,
frontlinehealthworkers,womenandgirlswithcaregiving
burdens, and community members fearful of becoming
infected or infecting others may all experience stress
and trauma relating to the outbreak.
3. Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services
Evidence suggests that during past public health
emergencies, resources have been diverted from routine
health care services toward containing and responding
to the outbreak. These re-allocations constrain already
What can be done to address violence against women
during the COVID-19 response?
•
• Inclusion of measures to address violence against
women in preparedness and response plans for
COVID-19 by Governments and policy makers.
•
• Development of a public health response to
violence against women.
•
• Ensuring preventive, curative and systematic
referral support to the survivors of violence and
early detection cases.
•
• Training of healthcare providers to provide better
quality of care and counseling services to victims of
violence.
•
• Facilitating hotlines, telemedicine services, shelters,
rape crisis centers, counselling for survivors of
violence must be ensured.
•
• Emphasis on greater reporting on violence in
COVID-19 response plans. What can be done to address mental health issues
stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic?
•
• Inclusion of psychological support services for
women into primary health care.
•
• Development of a comprehensive crisis prevention
and intervention system including epidemiological
monitoring, screening, referral and targeted
intervention to reduce psychological distress.
•
• Awareness campaigns to ensure vulnerable
groups including women, are well informed about
the availability and accessibility of mental health
related services.
•
• Increased investments in mental health research.
•
• Building a cadre of trained professionals to
strengthen mental health services.
4. 4 Population Foundation of India
limited access to sexual and reproductive health
(SRH) services, such as clean and safe deliveries,
contraceptives, and pre- and post-natal health care.20
What do projections tell us?
Guttmacher Institute recently released an estimate
of the potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on
provision of sexual and reproductive health services
(SRH services) in low and middle income countries
(LMICs).21
The study takes into account data from 1.6
billion women of reproductive age across 132 LMICs
and makes the following projections:
•
• A 10% decline in use of reversible contraceptive
methods in LMICs due to reduced access would
result in an additional 49 million women with an
unmet need for modern contraceptives and an
additional 15 million unintended pregnancies over
the course of a year.
•
• A decline of 10% in coverage of pregnancy-related
care and newborn health care would result in an
additional 1.7 million women giving birth and 2.6
million newborns experiencing major complications
due to lack of care they need.
•
• Countrywide lockdowns which are forcing clinics
to close or if abortion is considered a nonessential
service, an additional 3.3 million unsafe abortions
would occur in LMICs over the course of a year.
Recently released projections by the UNFPA suggest
that 47 million women in 114 low- and middle-
income countries may not be able to access modern
contraceptives and 7 million unintended pregnancies
are expected to occur if the lockdown carries on
for six months and there are major disruptions to
health services. For every three months the lockdown
continues, up to an additional two million women may
be unable to use modern contraceptives.
UNICEF has estimated that in the nine months span
dating from when COVID-19 was declared a pandemic,
the countries with the highest numbers of forecast
births are expected to be India (20.1 million), China
(13.5 million), Nigeria (6.4 million), Pakistan (5 million)
and Indonesia (4 million).22
An analysis of the projected demand for contraceptive
methods, based on previous year’s contraceptive
methods distribution and use of services, basis
GovernmentofIndia’sHealthManagementInformation
System (HMIS)23
indicates that approximately one
million women undergo sterilization or accept IUCD
or an injectable method in the month of March
alone. The data from HMIS further suggest that
approximately 2.8 million condoms and 4.3 million
pills are distributed monthly during the months of
April and May . With the country under extended
lockdownandalargenumberofmigrantsreturning
to their villages, the demand for contraception
will likely be higher. This phenomenon, in normal
course, is witnessed during major festivals, and is
directly proportional to an increase in the number
of pregnancies in states like Bihar, which have a
huge migrant population.
Way forward
Going forward, it is important for us to not view
COVID-19 as a standalone disaster impacting the
world. It is afterall, the third coronavirus outbreak
the world has witnessed in the past two decades.
The impact of COVID-19 has been, by far, the most
fatal and widespread, partly because of the severity
of the condition and partly because today the world
is way more connected making transmission quicker.
It is the need of the hour to develop a health systems
approach to disaster management, both natural or
manmade, where lessons identified from disasters
are effectively collated and used to enhance disaster
preparedness of the country.
First, we need effective solutions to ensure that
women’s health does not remain on the fringes in
What can be done to mitigate the risk to family
planning programs?
•
• Social marketing organizations and FP service
delivery organizations could support the
government in ensuring uninterrupted supply
of reversible methods of contraception and
take some burden off the public health system.
•
• The availability of self-care methods like
condoms, oral contraceptive pills, emergency
contraceptive pills, pregnancy test kits and
sanitary pads at the pharmacies should
be ensured. Furthermore, continuity of
contraceptive supply chain is imperative to rule
out stock outs in districts upto PHCs.
•
• ASHAsandothercommunitylevelhealthworkers
should be supported to ensure continued access
to family planning services.
•
• Counseling on family planning through
helplines, telemedicine services, community
radios, chatbots and mobile services should be
ensured.
•
• Thegovernmentshouldleveragepartnerships
with NGOs to support information and service
delivery in this time of crisis. The government
has recognized the critical role of NGOs in
delivering services to vulnerable groups at this
time of crisis. Ensuring easy mobility and smooth
operations of NGOs providing health and family
planning services will be critical to many women
and children accessing essential non-COVID-19
healthcare services.
5. POLICY BRIEF: THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON WOMEN 5
the post-COVID-19 era. Given the evidence, we must
apply an intentional gender lens while designing
programmes and prepare ourselves with adequate
knowledge, gender disaggregated data and evidence
to address the socio-economic impact of COVID-19.
Second, investing in our 3.3 million strong female
frontline workforce is the only solution for
combating the aftermath of COVID-19. Even in the
cases of HIV and polio eradication, it was the support
of the community, which proved to be effective.
Our community health workers need to be valued
prioritized and resourced.
Third, there is a need to step up investments in
family planning. Studies from across the globe have
revealed that investing in family planning is one
of the most cost-effective public health measures
and a development “best buy”. A study conducted
by Population Foundation of India for the period of
2015-2031 estimated that effective family planning
interventions can prevent 2.9 million infant deaths and
save 1.2 million maternal lives. Additionally, availability
of quality family planning services can prevent 206
million unsafe abortions in India during the same
period. In contrast, inaction in family planning can
have a disturbing influence on several fronts – it can
disrupt the growth equilibrium and result in loss to
individuals, households and the economy.
Fourth, as the pandemic and its ramifications on
the economy, social dynamics and health outcomes
continue to spread, health education and social
and behavior change communication (SBCC)
campaigns can help spread awareness on all aspects
of sudden disasters across all stratas of society and
dispel surrounding myths and misconceptions doing
the rounds. Changing mindsets is only possible by
adopting innovative SBCC strategies pertaining to
health, which enable people to observe and imbibe
healthy behaviours. For instance, Population
Foundation of India, is providing content support
to government of India to improve people’s access
to verified, reliable and updated information on
COVID 19. Vetted by leading public health experts and
epidemiologists, the information is being translated
into different languages to reach a wider audience. In
addition, as we prepare to embrace a ‘new normal’,
SBCC strategies will play a crucial role in promoting
self-care, fighting stigma and transforming regressive
social norms which have impacted the status of
women for centuries.
Fifth, given that routine health services are the first
to be impacted at the time of health disasters, such
as COVID-19, extra efforts are needed to revamp
and strengthen public health, especially primary
health care and increase health budget. It is crucial
to optimize service delivery settings and platforms
by mapping health facilities, maintaining supply
chains and establishing outreach mechanisms.
There is an urgent need for redistribution of health
workforce, capacity building of frontline workers and
strengthening paramedics and greater investment in
medical research. This will not only enable accurate
prognosis and subsequent referrals to specialists but
also ensure uninterrupted service provision with the
limited health workforce.
As researchers continue to study the coronavirus
and develop therapeutic strategies to prevent and
stop the spread of disease, the public health system
needs to simultaneously evolve and prepare itself to
combat severe health challenges, which is not at the
expense of other healthcare priorities.
How can we combat the aftermath of COVID-19?
•
• Ensuring women’s equal representation in all
COVID-19 response planning and decision-
making.
•
• Targeting women and girls in all efforts to
address the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19.
•
• Integrating prevention efforts and services
to respond to violence against women into
COVID-19 response plans.
•
• Partnerships between government and civil
society organizations to ensure uninterrupted
supply of sexual and reproductive health
services.
•
• Extend basic social protection to informal
workers
•
• Health systems strengthening and adequate/
increased health budget allocation.
•
• Capacity building of community level health
workers to ensure continued access to family
planning services, improved quality of care and
counseling services to women.
•
• Strengthening counseling services though
helplines, telemedicine services, community
radios, chatbots and mobile services.
•
• Greater health awareness through behaviour
change communication campaigns- stepping up
advocacy and awareness campaigns, including
targeting men at home.
•
• Ensuring psychosocial support for women
and girls combatting mental health issues and
stigma.
•
• Developing a public health response to end
violence by providing preventive, curative and
systematic support to the survivors of violence
and early detection.
6. 6 Population Foundation of India
Suggested citation:
Population Foundation of India. July 2020. Policy
Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on Women. New Delhi:
Population Foundation of India.
Population Foundation of India
B-28, Qutub Institutional Area,
New Delhi - 110 016, India T: +91 - 11- 4389 4100
populationfoundation.in
PFI’s efforts to combat the COVID-19 crisis
•
• Small grants to organizations in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi and Jharkhand relief and rehabilitation work by way of
providing daily essentials, sanitizers, masks and livelihood support to approximately 18,000 beneficiaries since March 2020.
•
• Content partner for Government of India’s citizen-centric platform for creating the content strategy, messaging and creatives
around COVID-19
•
• Conceptualized and created a short film on female healthcare workers at the forefront of COVID-19. The video garnered 4.6
million views within 24 hours of being posted. [Hindi Version, English Version]
•
• In collaboration with the renowned theatre and film director, Mr Feroz Abbas Khan, PFI has been working on a social and
behaviour change campaign to disseminate key messages, tackle misinformation and reinforce a sense of solidarity around the
fight against COVID-19. Hasya Kavi Potliwala is a short animation film featuring a poet who recites a short “kavita” addressing
stigma against COVID-19 patients. We have also conceived a five-episode animation series, titled Corona Ki Adalat (Court of
Corona) - the first film of the series addresses the issue of stigma and discrimination against healthcare workers.
•
• Partnerships with State Governments and NGOs. PFI is working directly with state governments, Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare and civil society organizations to develop and disseminate materials on COVID-19 in Hindi, English and regional
languages for their use.
•
• Generating evidence on the impact of COVID-19
•
• PFI commissioned a study on impact of COVID-19 on availability of services and commodities in public health facilities and
outreach by front line workers in five Indian states (Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand, UP, Rajasthan) – May, 2020,
•
• PFI conducted a telephonic rapid assessment with adolescents and youths in three states (Rajasthan, UP and Bihar) to
understand the level of knowledge and impact of COVID-19 – May, 2020.
1. UNGA A/70/723. Protecting Humanity from Future Health Crises:
Report of the High Level Panel on the Global Response to Health
Crises; UNICEF Helpdesk, “GBV in Emergencies: Emergency
Responses to Public Health Outbreaks,” September 2018, p. 2.
2. UNGA A/70/723. Protecting Humanity from Future Health Crises:
Report of the High Level Panel on the Global Response to Health
Crises. Measure Evaluation (2017). The Importance of Gender in
Emerging Infectious Diseases Data. Smith, Julia (2019). Overcoming
the ‘tyranny of the urgent’: integrating gender into disease outbreak
preparedness and response, Gender and Development 27(2).
3. Smith,Julia(2019).Overcomingthe‘tyrannyoftheurgent’:integrating
gender into disease outbreak preparedness and response, Gender
and Development 27(2).
4. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol =A/70/723
5. Sara E. Davies & Belinda Bennett, “A Gendered Human Rights
Analysis Of Ebola And Zika: Locating Gender In Global Health
Emergencies,” International Affairs 92, no. 5, accessed March 14,
2020, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12704.
6. UN Policy Brief-Impact of COVID-19 on Women’s Health
7. International Labour Organization data
8. Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender and Children’s Affairs, UN
Women, Oxfam, Statistics Sierra Leone (2014). Multisector Impact
Assessment of Gender Dimensions of the Ebola Virus Disease
9. National Family Health Survey (2015-16)
10. Sample Registration Survey (SRS), 2016-18
11. https://www.unfpa.org/swop-2019
12. https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/COVID19_
impact_brief_for_UNFPA_24_April_2020_1.pdf
13. https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-
against-women
14. Population Foundation of India (2020). Rapid assessment on impact
of COVID-19 on young people in three states (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar
and Rajasthan)
15. WHO (2019). Gender equity in the health workforce: Analysis of 104
Countries.
16. https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=200175
17. National Health Profile 2019
18. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1578557
19. UN Policy Brief- Impact of COVID-19 on Women’s Health
20. Camara BS, Delamou A, Diro E, et al. Effect of the 2014/2015 Ebola
outbreak on reproductive health services in a rural district of Guinea:
an ecological study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2017;111(1):22-29.
21. https://www.guttmacher.org/journals/ipsrh/2020/04/estimates-
potential-impact-covid-19-pandemic-sexual-and-reproductive-health
22. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/05/1063422?utm_
source=UN+News++Newsletter&utm_campaign=e90d7a9b3e
EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2020_05_07_12_30&utm_medium =email&utm_
term=0_fdbf1af606e90d7a9b3e -107346842
23. Health Management Information System Data (last accessed on
May 07, 2020 at 11:34 AM)
24. Analysis conducted by Population Council
References