This presentation includes Physical and Human geography of Somalia along with Geopolitical issues.

1. Physical and
Human
Geography of
Somalia
Presented by: Raheem Khan Magsi

2. Introduction to Somalia
• Somalia, officially the Federal
Republic of Somalia, is located in the
Horn of Africa. Bordered by Djibouti,
Ethiopia, and Kenya, it has the
longest coastline in mainland Africa.
Known for its strategic location, rich
cultural heritage, and natural
resources.

3. Historical Background
of Somalia
• Ancient Land of Punt: Famous for trade with
Egypt.
• Medieval Sultanates: Ajuran and Adal
controlled Indian Ocean trade.
• Colonial Period: Divided into British
Somaliland and Italian Somaliland.
• Independence in 1960: United to form Somali
Republic.

4. Physical Geography of
Somalia
• - Mountains: Includes Karkaar Range
and Somalia's highest peak,
Shimbiris.
• - Rivers: Jubba and Shabelle Rivers
are vital for agriculture.
• - Deserts: Ogaden Desert and Haud
Region support pastoralism.
• - Climate Zones: Arid to semi-arid,
with Gu and Deyr rainy seasons.

5. Human Geography of
Somalia
• - Religion: Predominantly Sunni
Muslim.
• - Language: Somali and Arabic are
official, with Italian and English in
limited use.
• - Culture: Rich in oral poetry, clan
structures, and Islamic values.
• - History: Integral to ancient trade
and resilient cultural heritage.

6. Political System of Somalia
Federal parliamentary republic
since 2012.
Bicameral legislature: House of the
People and Upper House.
Federalism: Regions like Puntland
and Somaliland have autonomy.

7. Factors Providing
Potential to Somalia
• - Strategic coastline along major
trade routes.
• - Rich natural resources: Oil, gas, and
minerals.
• - Diaspora contributions through
remittances and intellectual capital.
• - Youthful population with innovation
potential.

8. Geo-Strategic Importance of
Somalia
- Maritime routes connecting Red Sea
and Indian Ocean.
- Role in counter-terrorism and
regional stability.
- Influence in East African politics
and economics.
- Exclusive Economic Zone offers rich
marine resources.