Philosophy Major Jobs
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This document provides information about jobs and careers for philosophy majors. It includes links to websites about potential occupations for philosophy graduates, how to gain relevant experience through internships or part-time work, and the importance of obtaining leadership roles. The document also lists several videos and articles about topics like work, protestant views on jobs, influencing people, political science as a field, and the career outlook for philosophy students.
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This document provides information about philosophy majors and careers for philosophy degree students. It includes links to sites about jobs for philosophy majors, trends in philosophy degree programs over time, reasons to major in philosophy, and average GRE scores by intended major. The document also contains videos and articles discussing careers for philosophy majors and why to study philosophy.
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THE VALUE OF PHILOSOPHY TO THE SOCIETY
Student
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In the society, people view the philosophy as being the most irrelevant discipline amongst all others. This is due to the impression that philosophy has very little to deal with the reality. Additionally, the definition of philosophy also has a major rift arising from the fact that the philosophers cannot form an agreement on particular definition due to the nature if the discipline. Moreover, the world has diverse characteristics of disorder and conflict and therefore the philosophy can only but try to understand reality through pointing out different viewpoints as everything in the universe is not known by man.
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1 An Introduction to Philosophy W. Ru
1
An Introduction to Philosophy
W. Russ Payne
Bellevue College
Copyright (cc by nc 4.0)
2015 W. Russ Payne
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document with attribution under the
terms of Creative Commons: Attribution Noncommercial 4.0 International or any later version of
this license. A copy of the license is found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
2
Contents
Introduction ………………………………………………. 3
Chapter 1: What Philosophy Is ………………………….. 5
Chapter 2: How to do Philosophy ………………….……. 11
Chapter 3: Ancient Philosophy ………………….………. 23
Chapter 4: Rationalism ………….………………….……. 38
Chapter 5: Empiricism …………………………………… 50
Chapter 6: Philosophy of Science ………………….…..… 58
Chapter 7: Philosophy of Mind …………………….……. 72
Chapter 8: Love and Happiness …………………….……. 79
Chapter 9: Meta Ethics …………………………………… 94
Chapter 10: Right Action ……………………...…………. 108
Chapter 11: Social Justice …………………………...…… 120
3
Introduction
The goal of this text is to present philosophy to newcomers as a living discipline with historical
roots. While a few early chapters are historically organized, my goal in the historical chapters is
to trace a developmental progression of thought that introduces basic philosophical methods and
frames issues that remain relevant today. Later chapters are topically organized. These include
philosophy of science and philosophy of mind, areas where philosophy has shown dramatic
recent progress.
This text concludes with four chapters on ethics, broadly construed. I cover traditional theories of
right action in the third of these. Students are first invited first to think about what is good for
themselves and their relationships in a chapter of love and happiness. Next a few meta-ethical
issues are considered; namely, whether they are moral truths and if so what makes them so. The
end of the ethics sequence addresses social justice, what it is for one’s community to be good.
Our sphere of concern expands progressively through these chapters. Our inquiry recapitulates
the course of development into moral maturity.
Over the course of the text I’ve tried to outline the continuity of thought that leads from the
historical roots of philosophy to a few of the diverse areas of inquiry that continue to make
significant contributions to our understanding of ourselves and the world we live in.
As an undergraduate philosophy major, one of my favorite professors once told me that
philosophers really do have an influence on how people think. I was pleased to hear that the kind
of inquiry I found interesting and rewarding might also be relevant to people’s lives and make a
difference in the world. Then he completed his thought, “it only takes about 300 years.” Over the
course of my teaching career, it has struck me that the opinions many of my students come to
class with have jus ...
1 An Introduction to Philosophy W. Ru
1
An Introduction to Philosophy
W. Russ Payne
Bellevue College
Copyright (cc by nc 4.0)
2015 W. Russ Payne
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document with attribution under the
terms of Creative Commons: Attribution Noncommercial 4.0 International or any later version of
this license. A copy of the license is found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
2
Contents
Introduction ………………………………………………. 3
Chapter 1: What Philosophy Is ………………………….. 5
Chapter 2: How to do Philosophy ………………….……. 11
Chapter 3: Ancient Philosophy ………………….………. 23
Chapter 4: Rationalism ………….………………….……. 38
Chapter 5: Empiricism …………………………………… 50
Chapter 6: Philosophy of Science ………………….…..… 58
Chapter 7: Philosophy of Mind …………………….……. 72
Chapter 8: Love and Happiness …………………….……. 79
Chapter 9: Meta Ethics …………………………………… 94
Chapter 10: Right Action ……………………...…………. 108
Chapter 11: Social Justice …………………………...…… 120
3
Introduction
The goal of this text is to present philosophy to newcomers as a living discipline with historical
roots. While a few early chapters are historically organized, my goal in the historical chapters is
to trace a developmental progression of thought that introduces basic philosophical methods and
frames issues that remain relevant today. Later chapters are topically organized. These include
philosophy of science and philosophy of mind, areas where philosophy has shown dramatic
recent progress.
This text concludes with four chapters on ethics, broadly construed. I cover traditional theories of
right action in the third of these. Students are first invited first to think about what is good for
themselves and their relationships in a chapter of love and happiness. Next a few meta-ethical
issues are considered; namely, whether they are moral truths and if so what makes them so. The
end of the ethics sequence addresses social justice, what it is for one’s community to be good.
Our sphere of concern expands progressively through these chapters. Our inquiry recapitulates
the course of development into moral maturity.
Over the course of the text I’ve tried to outline the continuity of thought that leads from the
historical roots of philosophy to a few of the diverse areas of inquiry that continue to make
significant contributions to our understanding of ourselves and the world we live in.
As an undergraduate philosophy major, one of my favorite professors once told me that
philosophers really do have an influence on how people think. I was pleased to hear that the kind
of inquiry I found interesting and rewarding might also be relevant to people’s lives and make a
difference in the world. Then he completed his thought, “it only takes about 300 years.” Over the
course of my teaching career, it has struck me that the opinions many of my students come to
class with have jus ...
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This document provides an introduction to a course on philosophy. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and the search for meaning. It outlines the course, which will cover definitions of philosophy, why it is studied, its major fields and issues. It discusses perceptions of philosophy and provides reminders for students. Specifically, it emphasizes developing skills in analysis, criticism and synthesis through careful reading. It also explains how the study of philosophy helps prepare students for theological studies by developing rigorous thinking habits and understanding philosophical foundations of religious doctrines.
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The document discusses the importance of studying philosophy. It defines philosophy as the "love of wisdom" and notes that philosophy provides both passion and wisdom which are important for progress. Philosophy involves both critically examining knowledge claims and constructing accurate understandings of reality. Studying philosophy develops important skills like problem solving, communication, self-knowledge, and persuasion. Everyone engages in philosophy to some degree as humans naturally desire to understand themselves and the world.
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THE VALUE OF PHILOSOPHY TO THE SOCIETY
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In the society, people view the philosophy as being the most irrelevant discipline amongst all others. This is due to the impression that philosophy has very little to deal with the reality. Additionally, the definition of philosophy also has a major rift arising from the fact that the philosophers cannot form an agreement on particular definition due to the nature if the discipline. Moreover, the world has diverse characteristics of disorder and conflict and therefore the philosophy can only but try to understand reality through pointing out different viewpoints as everything in the universe is not known by man.
Perspectives of philosophy
1. As a search for reality
In this context, philosophers perceive the discipline as being a search for the realities that exist in the world and how mainly how everything in the world exists i.e. the philosophers seek to acquire basic knowledge or ideas about something in the world. Some examples in history include Thales, Anaximenes and Anaximander’s attempts to understand the role and importance of water, air and limitlessness and infinity respectively.
2. As a nature explanation
Philosophers perceive the discipline as being critical in the explanation of nature itself. This can be related to the fact that the ancient Greeks philosophers utilized human reasoning in their effort to understand the world. They sought to understand nature through reasoning that was separate from religion and myths but they did not obliterate their existence.
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This deals with efforts aimed at understanding every object that exists in the world and the correlations between them.
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The discipline seeks to produce clarity on specific terms while also explaining the logic parts of the terms. Philosophers argue out that having a clear definition of the terms puts us in a position to know what we are specifically talking about.
5. Searching for the ideal ,life
Philosophers argue out that the discipline helps determine what life is and the ideal way to live it.
6. Overall existence of man
Some philosophers perceive the discipline as being the search for the truth with man being the most critical determinant its discovery. In essence, man’s interests, relationships with other people, experiences and reasoned would be critical in achievement of the truth.
The role of philosophy in the society
Despite the various perceptions philosophy, the discipline has extreme importance to the society. A nonexistence of philosophy would be detrimental to the society judging from the fact there would be no importance of what was good, of value or ethically correct. Philosophy is very critical in dealing with problems in the society as it helps man to solve these problems. In the event that these problems ar ...
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This document provides an introduction to the philosophy of education. It begins by noting that there is no single agreed upon definition of philosophy or the role of philosophers. It then examines the relationship between general philosophy, education philosophy, and educational theory. Education philosophy analyzes and seeks conceptual clarity in educational theories and practices in a higher-order way, rather than trying to dissolve problems like some forms of philosophy. The document contrasts this with how educational theories are built from the ground-level work of teachers and aims to develop conceptual understanding of the complex relationship between educational practice and theory.
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This document provides an overview of different philosophical perspectives in education, including Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, and others. It discusses the key aspects of each perspective such as their view of reality, how we know things, and implications for education. The purpose is to help readers classify, analyze, and better understand these perspectives in order to reflect on their own philosophies and make more deliberate decisions as educators.
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Philosophy addresses fundamental questions about reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language. It is characterized by a systematic, critical approach relying on rational argument. The main branches of philosophy are characterized as studying different types of fundamental questions - epistemology addresses questions about knowledge; metaphysics addresses questions about reality; ethics addresses questions about moral values and conduct; and other branches include aesthetics, logic, philosophy of mind and political philosophy. Dividing philosophy into specialized branches is useful but the divisions overlap as many questions span multiple areas of inquiry.
1 An Introduction to Philosophy W. Ru
1
An Introduction to Philosophy
W. Russ Payne
Bellevue College
Copyright (cc by nc 4.0)
2015 W. Russ Payne
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document with attribution under the
terms of Creative Commons: Attribution Noncommercial 4.0 International or any later version of
this license. A copy of the license is found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
2
Contents
Introduction ………………………………………………. 3
Chapter 1: What Philosophy Is ………………………….. 5
Chapter 2: How to do Philosophy ………………….……. 11
Chapter 3: Ancient Philosophy ………………….………. 23
Chapter 4: Rationalism ………….………………….……. 38
Chapter 5: Empiricism …………………………………… 50
Chapter 6: Philosophy of Science ………………….…..… 58
Chapter 7: Philosophy of Mind …………………….……. 72
Chapter 8: Love and Happiness …………………….……. 79
Chapter 9: Meta Ethics …………………………………… 94
Chapter 10: Right Action ……………………...…………. 108
Chapter 11: Social Justice …………………………...…… 120
3
Introduction
The goal of this text is to present philosophy to newcomers as a living discipline with historical
roots. While a few early chapters are historically organized, my goal in the historical chapters is
to trace a developmental progression of thought that introduces basic philosophical methods and
frames issues that remain relevant today. Later chapters are topically organized. These include
philosophy of science and philosophy of mind, areas where philosophy has shown dramatic
recent progress.
This text concludes with four chapters on ethics, broadly construed. I cover traditional theories of
right action in the third of these. Students are first invited first to think about what is good for
themselves and their relationships in a chapter of love and happiness. Next a few meta-ethical
issues are considered; namely, whether they are moral truths and if so what makes them so. The
end of the ethics sequence addresses social justice, what it is for one’s community to be good.
Our sphere of concern expands progressively through these chapters. Our inquiry recapitulates
the course of development into moral maturity.
Over the course of the text I’ve tried to outline the continuity of thought that leads from the
historical roots of philosophy to a few of the diverse areas of inquiry that continue to make
significant contributions to our understanding of ourselves and the world we live in.
As an undergraduate philosophy major, one of my favorite professors once told me that
philosophers really do have an influence on how people think. I was pleased to hear that the kind
of inquiry I found interesting and rewarding might also be relevant to people’s lives and make a
difference in the world. Then he completed his thought, “it only takes about 300 years.” Over the
course of my teaching career, it has struck me that the opinions many of my students come to
class with have jus ...
1 An Introduction to Philosophy W. Ru
1
An Introduction to Philosophy
W. Russ Payne
Bellevue College
Copyright (cc by nc 4.0)
2015 W. Russ Payne
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document with attribution under the
terms of Creative Commons: Attribution Noncommercial 4.0 International or any later version of
this license. A copy of the license is found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
2
Contents
Introduction ………………………………………………. 3
Chapter 1: What Philosophy Is ………………………….. 5
Chapter 2: How to do Philosophy ………………….……. 11
Chapter 3: Ancient Philosophy ………………….………. 23
Chapter 4: Rationalism ………….………………….……. 38
Chapter 5: Empiricism …………………………………… 50
Chapter 6: Philosophy of Science ………………….…..… 58
Chapter 7: Philosophy of Mind …………………….……. 72
Chapter 8: Love and Happiness …………………….……. 79
Chapter 9: Meta Ethics …………………………………… 94
Chapter 10: Right Action ……………………...…………. 108
Chapter 11: Social Justice …………………………...…… 120
3
Introduction
The goal of this text is to present philosophy to newcomers as a living discipline with historical
roots. While a few early chapters are historically organized, my goal in the historical chapters is
to trace a developmental progression of thought that introduces basic philosophical methods and
frames issues that remain relevant today. Later chapters are topically organized. These include
philosophy of science and philosophy of mind, areas where philosophy has shown dramatic
recent progress.
This text concludes with four chapters on ethics, broadly construed. I cover traditional theories of
right action in the third of these. Students are first invited first to think about what is good for
themselves and their relationships in a chapter of love and happiness. Next a few meta-ethical
issues are considered; namely, whether they are moral truths and if so what makes them so. The
end of the ethics sequence addresses social justice, what it is for one’s community to be good.
Our sphere of concern expands progressively through these chapters. Our inquiry recapitulates
the course of development into moral maturity.
Over the course of the text I’ve tried to outline the continuity of thought that leads from the
historical roots of philosophy to a few of the diverse areas of inquiry that continue to make
significant contributions to our understanding of ourselves and the world we live in.
As an undergraduate philosophy major, one of my favorite professors once told me that
philosophers really do have an influence on how people think. I was pleased to hear that the kind
of inquiry I found interesting and rewarding might also be relevant to people’s lives and make a
difference in the world. Then he completed his thought, “it only takes about 300 years.” Over the
course of my teaching career, it has struck me that the opinions many of my students come to
class with have jus ...
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