This document provides examples of how to use modal verbs like "should have", "could have", "must have", and "might have" to talk about possible past situations and events. It gives sentence frames for common scenarios where each modal verb might be used, like someone not studying enough for a test and how "should have" would be used, or someone being late and how they "might have" encountered traffic. It also includes examples of filling in the sentence frames with different subjects to practice using the modal verbs.

2. Should Have
Must Have
Could Have
May Have
Might Have
PAST PARTICIPLE

3. I
He
She
It
We
You
They
Should (shouldn’t) have eaten
-Did Josh study for the Maths test?
-No he didn’t. He should have studied harder.
-He shouldn’t have been in a party the day before.

4. 1.- Did you and your classmates study hard for the science quiz?
(harder)
_____________________________________________________
2.- Did you take the cookies out of the oven soon enough?
(sooner)
_____________________________________________________
3.- Did Maria dance well enough at the audition? (better)
_____________________________________________________
4.- Did Katherine write legible enough on his employment
application? (more legible)
_____________________________________________________
5.- Did Fred drive carefully enough during his driving test?
(more carefully)
_____________________________________________________
No, we didn’t. We should have studied harder.
No, I didn’t. I should have taken them sooner.
No, she didn’t. She should have danced better.
No, she didn’t. She should have written more legible
.
No, he didn’t. He should have driven more
carefully.

5. 1.- Carl / buy a typewriter /get a computer.
_____________________________________________________
2.- Donna / take advanced French last semester/ take Beginning French
_____________________________________________________
3.- Eric / eat an entire cake for desert / have just one piece
_____________________________________________________
4.- Jennifer / write her composition on the bus / write it at home
_____________________________________________________
5.- You and your husband / see a movie last night / stay home and
watch TV
_____________________________________________________
Carl shouldn’t have bought a typewriter, he should have gotten a computer

7. I
He
She
It
We
You
They
Could (couldn’t) have done the
dishes.
-If you ask me, Jack shouldn’t have gone hiking by himself
in the mountains.
-You’re right. He could have gotten lost.

8. 1.- Gloria/swim to the side of the lake. (Drown).
_____________________________________________________
2.- Jenny/ use the computer during the thundrstorm. (be
electrocuted)
_____________________________________________________
3.- Billy/ play baseball in the rain. (catch a bad cold)
_____________________________________________________
4.- Jim / move his piano by himself (break his back)
_____________________________________________________
Gloria shouldn’t have swam to the sid of the river. She could have drown.

10. I
He
She
It
We
You
They
Must have overslept.
a. Richad came to work late today.
b. I’m really surprised to hear that.
a. I know. He must have overslept.
b. You’re probably right.

11. 1.- Mrs. Grimsley smiled at her employees this morning/ be in a very
good mood.
¡_____________________________________________________
2.- Peter handed in his homework late today. (have a problem
with his computer)
_____________________________________________________
3.- Walter was in a terrible mood today. (“get up on the wrong
side of the bed”)
_____________________________________________________
4.- Gary skipped dessert at the restaurant today. (go on diet).
_____________________________________________________
Mrs. Grimsley smiled at her employees this morning. She must have
been in a very good mood.

13. I
He
She
It
We
You
They
Might have gone to the bank.
a. I wonder why Sam hasn’t come back from lunch yet..
b. I’m not sure. He might have gone to the doctor.
a. Hmmm. Maybe you’re right.

15. 1.- Bob was late for the meeting. (Get stuck in the traffic).
¡_____________________________________________________
2.- Jimmy was late for school this morning. (miss the bus)
_____________________________________________________
3.- The neighbors haven’t returned our ladder. ( break it)
_____________________________________________________
4.- Professor Jones didn’t come to class yeaterday. ( Be sick)
_____________________________________________________
Bob was late for the meeting, he might have gotten stuck in the
traffic.