Pentagonal prism
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A penta prism is a five-sided prism that reflects light rays through a 90-degree angle with two reflections inside the prism. The reflecting surfaces are coated with aluminum and the coating ensures that slight movements of the prism do not change the 90-degree reflection of light rays. Photonchina offers penta prisms made of BK7 glass with aluminum coatings on the reflecting surfaces.
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Reflection of light part-2
Reflection of light -2 by
R K chaudhari
Faculty of M.A.E.S As a PGT - Physics
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Right angle prism
Right Angle Prisms
Right angle prisms (RAP) are widely used for rotating image and redirecting the input light. They serve as a mirror to deviate light through 90 degrees and also as a retro-reflector to deflect light through 180 degrees by total internal reflection. They are the main components for polarizing and non-polarizing cube beamsplitters.
The total internal reflection (TIR) in the right angle prisms with specific anti-reflection (AR) coatings on the two leg sides make themselves the perfect alternatives of 45 degree mirrors.
Photonchina Laser Grade Right-Angle Prisms are fabricated by special selection optical materials with low scatter and absorption. Standard size laser grade right angle prisms, with better surface finish, flatness as high as l/10 and high accuracy are available in Photonchina.
Dove prism
Dove prism is a type of reflective prism which is used to invert an image. Photonchina dove prisms are shaped from a truncated right-angle prism. A beam of light entering one of the sloped faces of the prism undergoes total internal reflection from the inside of the longest (bottom) face and emerges from the opposite sloped face. Images passing through the prism are flipped, and because only one reflection takes place, the image's handedness is changed to the opposite sense.
Dove prism
Dove prism is a type of reflective prism which is used to invert an image. Photonchina dove prisms are shaped from a truncated right-angle prism. A beam of light entering one of the sloped faces of the prism undergoes total internal reflection from the inside of the longest (bottom) face and emerges from the opposite sloped face. Images passing through the prism are flipped, and because only one reflection takes place, the image's handedness is changed to the opposite sense.
Glan laser polarizer
Glan Laser polarizer is made of two same birefringent material prisms that are assembled with an air space. Photonchina’s polarizer is a modification of the Glan Taylor type and is designed to have less reflection loss at the prism junction. The polarizer with two escape windows allow the rejected beam to escape out of the polarizer, which makes it more desirable for high energy lasers. The surface quality of these faces is relatively poor as compared to that of entrance and exit faces. No scratch dig surface quality specifications are assigned to these faces.
Cylindrical lens
Cylindrical lens, also called a cylinder, is an optical lens which focuses light on to a line instead of on to a point, as a spherical lens would. The curved face or faces of a cylindrical lens are sections of a cylinder, and focus the image passing through it onto a line parallel to the intersection of the surface of the lens and a plane tangent to it. The lens compresses the image in the direction perpendicular to this line, and leaves it unaltered in the direction parallel to it (in the tangent plane).
Cylindrical lenses are used to correct the output from diode lasers, to produce a round beam from the diode’s elliptical output. They are also applied in optical systems to correct the shape of laser beams, change image aspect ratios, and illuminate in the shape of line source.
Photonchina’s cylindrical lens is among top-level in terms of surface quality, irregularity and dimension tolerance. It also provides the high precision, special shapes and specifications designed by customers.
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Reflection of light part-2
Reflection of light -2 by
R K chaudhari
Faculty of M.A.E.S As a PGT - Physics
Prestige Jade Pavilion Ready to move project Marathahalli Bangalore
Call 9066021404 | Prestige jade Pavilion residential project with 2, 3 and 4 BHK apartments starting from 88 Lacs onwards.
Right angle prism
Right Angle Prisms
Right angle prisms (RAP) are widely used for rotating image and redirecting the input light. They serve as a mirror to deviate light through 90 degrees and also as a retro-reflector to deflect light through 180 degrees by total internal reflection. They are the main components for polarizing and non-polarizing cube beamsplitters.
The total internal reflection (TIR) in the right angle prisms with specific anti-reflection (AR) coatings on the two leg sides make themselves the perfect alternatives of 45 degree mirrors.
Photonchina Laser Grade Right-Angle Prisms are fabricated by special selection optical materials with low scatter and absorption. Standard size laser grade right angle prisms, with better surface finish, flatness as high as l/10 and high accuracy are available in Photonchina.
Dove prism
Dove prism is a type of reflective prism which is used to invert an image. Photonchina dove prisms are shaped from a truncated right-angle prism. A beam of light entering one of the sloped faces of the prism undergoes total internal reflection from the inside of the longest (bottom) face and emerges from the opposite sloped face. Images passing through the prism are flipped, and because only one reflection takes place, the image's handedness is changed to the opposite sense.
Dove prism
Dove prism is a type of reflective prism which is used to invert an image. Photonchina dove prisms are shaped from a truncated right-angle prism. A beam of light entering one of the sloped faces of the prism undergoes total internal reflection from the inside of the longest (bottom) face and emerges from the opposite sloped face. Images passing through the prism are flipped, and because only one reflection takes place, the image's handedness is changed to the opposite sense.
Glan laser polarizer
Glan Laser polarizer is made of two same birefringent material prisms that are assembled with an air space. Photonchina’s polarizer is a modification of the Glan Taylor type and is designed to have less reflection loss at the prism junction. The polarizer with two escape windows allow the rejected beam to escape out of the polarizer, which makes it more desirable for high energy lasers. The surface quality of these faces is relatively poor as compared to that of entrance and exit faces. No scratch dig surface quality specifications are assigned to these faces.
Cylindrical lens
Cylindrical lens, also called a cylinder, is an optical lens which focuses light on to a line instead of on to a point, as a spherical lens would. The curved face or faces of a cylindrical lens are sections of a cylinder, and focus the image passing through it onto a line parallel to the intersection of the surface of the lens and a plane tangent to it. The lens compresses the image in the direction perpendicular to this line, and leaves it unaltered in the direction parallel to it (in the tangent plane).
Cylindrical lenses are used to correct the output from diode lasers, to produce a round beam from the diode’s elliptical output. They are also applied in optical systems to correct the shape of laser beams, change image aspect ratios, and illuminate in the shape of line source.
Photonchina’s cylindrical lens is among top-level in terms of surface quality, irregularity and dimension tolerance. It also provides the high precision, special shapes and specifications designed by customers.
Wollaston polarizer
Photonchina’s wollaston polarizer can separate an incident beam into two rays: extraordinary and ordinary ray with a deviation angle which is dependent on wavelength. Both rays are transmitted through the other surface.
Thompson polarizer
Photonchina’s Glan-Thompson Polarizer is made of two cemented calcite (or a-BBO) prisms that are at the highest optical level. When the unpolarized light enters Glan-Thmopson Polarizer, it will separate at the intersection of the two calcite crystals. S-polarized light (e-ray) then goes on and P-polarized light (o-ray) will be reflected.
Rochon polarizer
Rochon polarizer is made of two birefringent material prisms cemented or optical contacted together. Photonchina's Rochon prism was invented by and is named after Abbé Alexis Marie Rochon. It is in many ways similar to the Wollaston prism, but the ordinary ray passes through the prism undeviated. Any separation angle can be designed according to request of customers.
High transmission polarizer
HIGH TRANSMSSION POLARIZER
High Transmission Glan Laser Polarizers is a special type of Glan Laser Polarizers. Its incidence angle is brewster angle cut which can greatly improve the transmission ray up to 98% in a wide range of wavelength without coating. The polarizer can be made from Calcite or YVO4 crystals. In order to get transmission of a wide range of wavelength, the polarizers are not recommended to use for large acceptance angle. It is typically used at the angle within+/-5°.
Photonchina is the leading manufacturer of high transmission polarizer in the world
Glan taylor polarizer
Glan Taylor polarizer is made of two birefringent prisms that are assembled with an air space.
The polarizer with no side escape windows is suitable for low to medium power application where the side rejected beams are not required.
Photonchina provides a wide range of polarizers including glan taylor polarizer.
Micro lenses
Super small lenses, Diamter 0.5mm-2mm, rod or round lenses, all radius of curvature are available. High performance optical coating by Photonchina.
Types of optical waveplates
Crystal waveplate, polymer waveplate and optical fiber waveplate are three types of waveplates
What are the advantages and disadvantages of true zero order, zero order, and...
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of true zero order, zero order, and multiple order waveplates?YVO4
The yttrium orthovanadate (YVO4) is a positive uniaxial crystal grown with Czochralski method. It has good mechanical and physical properties and is ideal for optical polarizing components because of its wide transparency range and large birefringence. Photonchina YVO4 has an excellent synthetic substitute for Calcite (CaCO3) and Rutile (TiO2) crystals in many applications including fiber optic isolators and circulators, beam displacers, Glan polarizers and other polarizing optics, etc.
Quartz waveplate
Waveplate is an optic in which the polished faces contain the optical axis. All light incidents normal to the surface are composed of components polarized parallel and perpendicular to the axis. In such a device, light polarized parallel to the axis will propagate slower than light polarized perpendicular to the axis. As the light propagates through the optic, the phase shift between the two components with various thickness. The phase shift is called retardance. The most popular retarders in Photonchina are quarter and half wave.
With an appropriate choice of thickness, any degree of retardance may be achieved at any wavelength for which quartz is transparent. However, the minimum thickness necessary to achieve a mechanically strong part corresponds to several full waves of retardance.
A half waveplate rotates linearly polarized light to any desired orientation. The rotation angle is twice the angle between the incident polarized light and optical axis.
When linearly polarized light is input at 45deg to the axis of a quarter waveplate , the output is circularly polarized similarly, input circularly polarized light is transformed into linearly polarized light.
The thickness of the quarter waveplate is such that the phase difference is 1/4 wavelength ( λ /4, Zero order) or certain multiple of 1/4-wavelength [(2n+1)λ /4, multiple order].
LiNbO3
LiNbO3 is widely used as electro-optic modulators and Q-switches for Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF and Ti:Sapphire lasers as well as modulators for fiber optics. The following table lists the specifications of a typical LiNbO3 crystal used as Q-switch with transverse E-O modulation. The light propagates in z-axis and electric field applies to x-axis. The electro-optic coefficients of LiNbO3 are: r33 = 32 pm/V, r31 = 10 pm/V, r22 = 6.8 pm/V at low frequency and r33 = 31 pm/V, r31= 8.6 pm/V, r22 = 3.4 pm/V at high electric frequency. The half–wave voltage: Vπ=λd/(2no3r22L), r c=(ne/no)3r33-r13.
Double convex lens
The Double Convex Lenses are made of BK7 material, which are manufactured with an identical convex surface on both sides of the lens. The Double Convex lenses have positive focal lengths and form both real and virtual images. Photonchina also provides precision grade Double Convex lenses with tighter manufacturing tolerances
BBO crystal
BBO is very good for tunable laser sources, such as ultrafast Ti:Sapphire or dye lasers. And it is also widely used for SHG, 3HG, 4HG, and autocorrelation of femtosecond and picosecond Ti:Sapphire lasers; SHG, 3HG, 4HG, 5HG of YAG lasers at 1064 nm and 1320 nm to yield output of 212-660nm; SHG of tunable dye or solid-state laser sources from 410-750 nm to yield output of 205-375 nm, SFM of dye laser and YAG harmonics to yield output of 189-400 nm; DFM (difference-frequency mixing) from the Visible to the IR range up to over 3000 nm; OPO pumped with SHG or 3HG of YAG or Ti:Sapphire with an output range of 400-3000 ; Intracavity SHG of Argon ion lasers (488, 514 nm) or Copper vapor lasers (510 nm, 578 nm).
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Wollaston polarizer
Photonchina’s wollaston polarizer can separate an incident beam into two rays: extraordinary and ordinary ray with a deviation angle which is dependent on wavelength. Both rays are transmitted through the other surface.
Thompson polarizer
Photonchina’s Glan-Thompson Polarizer is made of two cemented calcite (or a-BBO) prisms that are at the highest optical level. When the unpolarized light enters Glan-Thmopson Polarizer, it will separate at the intersection of the two calcite crystals. S-polarized light (e-ray) then goes on and P-polarized light (o-ray) will be reflected.
Rochon polarizer
Rochon polarizer is made of two birefringent material prisms cemented or optical contacted together. Photonchina's Rochon prism was invented by and is named after Abbé Alexis Marie Rochon. It is in many ways similar to the Wollaston prism, but the ordinary ray passes through the prism undeviated. Any separation angle can be designed according to request of customers.
High transmission polarizer
HIGH TRANSMSSION POLARIZER
High Transmission Glan Laser Polarizers is a special type of Glan Laser Polarizers. Its incidence angle is brewster angle cut which can greatly improve the transmission ray up to 98% in a wide range of wavelength without coating. The polarizer can be made from Calcite or YVO4 crystals. In order to get transmission of a wide range of wavelength, the polarizers are not recommended to use for large acceptance angle. It is typically used at the angle within+/-5°.
Photonchina is the leading manufacturer of high transmission polarizer in the world
Glan taylor polarizer
Glan Taylor polarizer is made of two birefringent prisms that are assembled with an air space.
The polarizer with no side escape windows is suitable for low to medium power application where the side rejected beams are not required.
Photonchina provides a wide range of polarizers including glan taylor polarizer.
Micro lenses
Super small lenses, Diamter 0.5mm-2mm, rod or round lenses, all radius of curvature are available. High performance optical coating by Photonchina.
Types of optical waveplates
Crystal waveplate, polymer waveplate and optical fiber waveplate are three types of waveplates
What are the advantages and disadvantages of true zero order, zero order, and...
What are the advantages and disadvantages of true zero order, zero order, and...Photonchina Co.,Ltd.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of true zero order, zero order, and multiple order waveplates?YVO4
The yttrium orthovanadate (YVO4) is a positive uniaxial crystal grown with Czochralski method. It has good mechanical and physical properties and is ideal for optical polarizing components because of its wide transparency range and large birefringence. Photonchina YVO4 has an excellent synthetic substitute for Calcite (CaCO3) and Rutile (TiO2) crystals in many applications including fiber optic isolators and circulators, beam displacers, Glan polarizers and other polarizing optics, etc.
Quartz waveplate
Waveplate is an optic in which the polished faces contain the optical axis. All light incidents normal to the surface are composed of components polarized parallel and perpendicular to the axis. In such a device, light polarized parallel to the axis will propagate slower than light polarized perpendicular to the axis. As the light propagates through the optic, the phase shift between the two components with various thickness. The phase shift is called retardance. The most popular retarders in Photonchina are quarter and half wave.
With an appropriate choice of thickness, any degree of retardance may be achieved at any wavelength for which quartz is transparent. However, the minimum thickness necessary to achieve a mechanically strong part corresponds to several full waves of retardance.
A half waveplate rotates linearly polarized light to any desired orientation. The rotation angle is twice the angle between the incident polarized light and optical axis.
When linearly polarized light is input at 45deg to the axis of a quarter waveplate , the output is circularly polarized similarly, input circularly polarized light is transformed into linearly polarized light.
The thickness of the quarter waveplate is such that the phase difference is 1/4 wavelength ( λ /4, Zero order) or certain multiple of 1/4-wavelength [(2n+1)λ /4, multiple order].
LiNbO3
LiNbO3 is widely used as electro-optic modulators and Q-switches for Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF and Ti:Sapphire lasers as well as modulators for fiber optics. The following table lists the specifications of a typical LiNbO3 crystal used as Q-switch with transverse E-O modulation. The light propagates in z-axis and electric field applies to x-axis. The electro-optic coefficients of LiNbO3 are: r33 = 32 pm/V, r31 = 10 pm/V, r22 = 6.8 pm/V at low frequency and r33 = 31 pm/V, r31= 8.6 pm/V, r22 = 3.4 pm/V at high electric frequency. The half–wave voltage: Vπ=λd/(2no3r22L), r c=(ne/no)3r33-r13.
Double convex lens
The Double Convex Lenses are made of BK7 material, which are manufactured with an identical convex surface on both sides of the lens. The Double Convex lenses have positive focal lengths and form both real and virtual images. Photonchina also provides precision grade Double Convex lenses with tighter manufacturing tolerances
BBO crystal
BBO is very good for tunable laser sources, such as ultrafast Ti:Sapphire or dye lasers. And it is also widely used for SHG, 3HG, 4HG, and autocorrelation of femtosecond and picosecond Ti:Sapphire lasers; SHG, 3HG, 4HG, 5HG of YAG lasers at 1064 nm and 1320 nm to yield output of 212-660nm; SHG of tunable dye or solid-state laser sources from 410-750 nm to yield output of 205-375 nm, SFM of dye laser and YAG harmonics to yield output of 189-400 nm; DFM (difference-frequency mixing) from the Visible to the IR range up to over 3000 nm; OPO pumped with SHG or 3HG of YAG or Ti:Sapphire with an output range of 400-3000 ; Intracavity SHG of Argon ion lasers (488, 514 nm) or Copper vapor lasers (510 nm, 578 nm).
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一比一原版(UCSB毕业证)圣塔芭芭拉社区大学毕业证如何办理
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Pentagonal prism
- 1. PPHHOOTTOONNCCHHIINNAA www.photonchinaa.com PPHHOOTTOONNCCHHIINNAA www.photonchinaa.com Penta Prism is a five-sided prism containing two reflecting surfaces at 45deg to each other, and two refracting faces perpendicular to the entering and emerging beams. The deviation angle of 90deg is thus independent of the orientation of the prism, making it especially important in applications in which the prism orientation cannot be precisely controlled. Due to the geometry that total internal reflection cannot be used, the reflecting surfaces must be coated with a metallic or dielectric coating. Photonchina standard Pentagonal Prism reflecting surfaces are coated with aluminum or enhanced aluminum. The coated surfaces can be painted black Photonchina’s pentagonal prism reflects light rays through a 90° angle by two reflections and does invert or revert the image. The reflecting surfaces are aluminized. Slight movement of the prism does not affect the true right angle at which light rays are reflected. It also shortens the optical path length of an instrument. Specifications: Material: BK7 or other glass material Diameter Tolerance: +0.0, -0.2mm Angular Tolerance: see the table as follow Flatness: /2 @ 632.8nm Surface Quality: 60/40 Clear Aperture: >80% Bevel: <0.25mm X 45° Coating: * S1&S2: Single layer MgF2 coating * S3&S4: Aluminized and painted black
- 2. PPHHOOTTOONNCCHHIINNAA www.photonchinaa.com PPHHOOTTOONNCCHHIINNAA www.photonchinaa.com Deminsion(mm) Axh 30 Sec. Deviation 10 Sec. Deviation Part No. Part No. 7x5 PC-PTP1-A201 PC-PTP1-B301 7x6 PC-PTP1-A202 PC-PTP1-B302 10x10 PC-PTP1-A203 PC-PTP1-B303 15x15 PC-PTP1-A204 PC-PTP1-B304 20x20 PC-PTP1-A205 PC-PTP1-B305 30x30 PC-PTP1-A206 PC-PTP1-B306