Folleto con información sobre el Parque Natural del Peñón de Ifach y las Salinas en inglés

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The
"Peñón de
Ifach"
The "Peñón de Ifach" LENTISCO
is a calcareous rock rising PISTACEA
from the sea to a height LENTISCUS
of 332 m. and one HINOJO
kilometre long, making MARINO
a total of 50.000 m2 of CHRITMUN HISTORY thanks to the numismatic
rock. Joined to the land MARITIMUM The "Peñón de Ifach" has findings, we can affirm that
by a narrow isthmus, it is always been a symbol. It was they reinhabited its hillsides
the result of a landslide SILENE DE IFACH beyond doubt an important during the middle ages.
from nearby "Sierra de SILENE HIFACENSIS visual milestone for the However, the continuous
Oltà", making it one of primitive navigators of the attacks from the sea by
the most unusual and Mediterranean who most navigators forced the
beautiful geographical certainly believed it to be of inhabitants to descend to
features, not only within PLANT AND WILDLIFE account others such as the town of Calpe and create
the Valencian deep symbolism. Later, "el
Community but also on The noteworthiness of the nestbuilders, migrants and Peñón de Ifach" became a a surveillance system to
the entire Mediterranean "Peñón de Ifach's" landscape roaming birds. The marine privileged surveillance point, confront the pirate raids.
coast. is due to the combination of plant and wildlife also worth protecting against raids by As for archaeological
On both sides of the elements typical of mentioning for its wide pirates and navigators findings, fragments and
Ifach stretch fine sandy mountainous scenery, with variety of communities sailing down the coast and remains that could possibly
beaches with their others related to its being a which, depending on the used by the townsfolk as a have been of a Byzantine
transparent waters. littoral enclave, where the depth and character of the watchtower and refuge. This population from the VI
These are "Levante" or sea plays a preponderant rock, appear among the OWNERS made the tunnel at a height gave the Peñón a certain century, the ruins of a late
"La Fossa" to the north role. Its flora and vegetation shelves of the Peñón. of about 180 m which led reverential character among musulman wall, and also the
Lichens, seaweeds, marine Over the years, the
and "Cantal Roig" and have deserved the attention "Peñón de Ifach" has been through to the southwest. those living nearby, not only original walls and towers of
"Arenal-Bol" to the south, of students since the times sponges and a variety of fish In 1951 D. José Más Capó for the physical protection it "La Villa de Ifach", dating
which, together with the of Cavanilles. Nearly 300 appear within the two the property of various
"Morro de Toix", form the individuals. In 1862 it bought it from Sr. París' gave, but also for the back to the early middle
species make up this marine communities which heirs, he being the last psychological and symbolic ages, have been discovered.
bay of Calpe. plantlife, with Valencian are of particular ecological belonged to the
At the foot of the rock interest: Mediterranean coral azmunicipality of Calpe but owner until 1987 when it safety it guaranteed. A The existing tunnel, about
endemics, being considered became the property of the variety of villages have thirty metres long, was built
is the royal nautical club one of the most threatened which is found in the cracks was bought by an
and fishing port where of Iberian plants, and already of its submerged walls and inhabitant of Valencia who Valencian autonomous established themselves on at the beginning of this
the fleet of fishing difficult to find on Valencian beds of seaweed which later sold it to D. Gregorio government, who then the "Peñón de Ifach" since century by its owner, so
trawlers unload their territory. Its wildlife is also of spread across the sandy González Ausina from Altea declared it a nature reserve. remote times. At its foot, on ending his risky climbs to the
precious catch each day. notable interest, above all for bottom craks a sure sign of for 6.000 "reales" (old Since then, what once the western side, an Iberian top where he had to hang
It is also a meeting point the presence of birds, among the quality of its water. Spanish money). was "la Casa París" has been population settled, dated by on to the ruts and crannies
for climbers and scuba the existence of Greek of the bare rock.
divers from all over the which certain land birds and In 1915 Sr. Vicente París converted into a nature
marine birds predominate centre and, in what was ceramics from the IV-III
world, who test its Morla from Gandia bought centuries before Christ.
resistance over and over (Eleonor falcons, marine it for 5000 "reales". Three o n c e " E l C a s e r o ",
again, challenging ravens...) of which about 80 years later, and after having laboratories have been In Roman times
nature by climbing its species have been identified built the "Casa París" and "El installed along with other population descended to
face and exploring its altogether, taking into Casero" on its slopes, he auxiliary exhibition rooms. the isthmus which joins the
deep waters. Peñón with the land. Also,
THE PEÑÓN AND ITS INFLUENCE RECOMMENDED
The "Peñón de Ifach" has been a source of
ROUTES
inspiration for writers, poets, artists, composers IN MUSIC
and professionals of photography, being the main In 1918 the composer Luis Torregrosa, the first
theme of various works. Óscar Esplá from Alicante conductor of Alicante's
wrote the symphony "Los band from 1912 until 1944,
Cíclopes de Ifach", after composed the musical
having seen our Peñón for "Ifach" in 1943.
the first time. In "Retablo Alicantino" NOTE:
In 1946 the Valencian Pepe Moreno sings "Calpe Visits to the Peñón are limited to periods and numbers
composer Leopoldo de mis Amores" and of people for its protection and conservation.
Magenti, wrote "Idil.li al "Mágico Peñón". Salvador 1. Nature room - Tunnel (30 min. aprox.)
Tfn. 679 195 912
Penyal d'Ifac", the third of Candel is the composer of 2. Tunnel - Summit (40 min. aprox.)
four symphonies which "Ifach" in the collection of 3. Port - Paseo Ecológico Príncipe de Asturias (20 min. aprox.)
make up "Estampes magic music "Natura".
Mediterránies". ITINERARY panoramic view which they feed and lay their eggs. "San Antonio" behind the tip
The route, which takes unfolds before us. To the On the slope of "Levante", of "Moraira" and the last
about two hours, starts with south, "Sierra Helada", to the the vegetation is slightly foothills of the Peñón.
the nature reserve's facilities west, "Puig Campana" and different due to the great To the right, along a
which consist of an "Sierra de Aitana"; in front, amount of sunshine it slightly more complicated
exhibition room showing the closing the bay of Calpe, "el receives so it is easier to find path because of the slope
different protected areas in Morro de Toix", which is esparto grass and rosemary. and rocky parts, we reach the
IN OTHER ACTIVITIES the image of "el Peñón" the Valencian community, joined by "el Mascarat" to The path continues, top, the culmination of the
and the description and a nature room, where "Sierra de Bernia" and "Sierra surrounded by savine juniper climb, where at 332 m high
At the end of 1991 the "Bellezas de España", "El among other sections, there de Oltà" which make a high and various other species, and nearly touching the sky,
airline "Aviaco" bought a Peñón de Ifach, located in is a projection room where a plateau. To the north are and divides into two. the visitor then realises how
IN LITERATURE the old Phocian daytime twinengined aircraft, the the Alicante municipality documentary on the "Pedramala", "el Montgó", "el s o m a ny a r t i s t s h ave
MD-88, which was built by Puig de la Llorença" and "el To the left the path gives
In 1850 the poet M.J. observatory. Of the day of Calpe is an impressive ecosystem of the "Peñón de you the chance to look at the obtained inspiration for their
Lloréns wrote in verse the that goes by, comes back "Mc Donnell Douglas", a rock which rises 327 metres Ifach" is shown. Cabo de Moraira"; and to the groups of fallen pine trees work.
play "Los Bandidos de and stays; watchtower of North American company. above sea level". The path which leads to east on a clear day, you can and rockrose as well as being It is the place and moment
Ifach", consisting of just one eternity and from it, from They named it "Peñón de the top is dominated by actually see the island of able to hear or see different to enjoy the sensations that
act. el Peñón, from beside a Ifach" without doubt "the The famous artist and coastal vegetation in which "Ibiza". birds, such as seagulls, mother nature provides.
pinetree rooted into the most symbolic nature spot sculptor from Alicante, lavender is abundant. Along Before going through the greenfinches or whitethroats.
The story is set in the XVI tunnel, take a look at the dark
century and takes place on rock, sank its eyes into the on the Costa Blanca" to pay Gastón Castelló captured the way the pine trees seem When we reach the end,
sea in which the eye of the tribute to the province of "el Peñón de Ifach" on to grow horizontally due to marks which spread across on the left-hand side we can
the top of the Peñón. The the seabed of "Levante"
politician/writer Pascual Mediterranean is Alicante. canvas, for commercial the dominant wind. Different see how steep the cliffs are.
observed." distribution, and put up insects inhabit the area, and beach. These are a type of We can also see the cape of
Madoz said "It was like a The national money and wall mosaics and palmettos, savine and ferns seaweed which carry out an
great sailing ship attached Writers of considerable stamp mint published 14 important task in the marine REFERENCE BOOKLIST
stature, such as José watercolours with the can be found near the
to the land by its stern" In "pesetas" postage stamps same background as that calcareous rock. habitat, such as retaining - "Calpe, gentes y hechos" by Pedro Pastor Pastor. Published by the
"Rutas de España" there Martínez Ruiz, "Azorín", in of the "Peñón" in 1987. sediments, keeping the sand Town Hall of Calpe and cultural foundation CAM, 1994.
his piece "Prólogo de Ifach" on the façade of the tourist On the way up we come
is a piece by Miguel de across the remains of an old on the beach and serving as - "Llibre de Calpe" by Vicente Pastor Boronad, Jaume Pastor i Fluixà
or abriel Miró in his novel The same money and office in la Plaza del food for certain fish and sea and Gaspar Zaragoza Mauri.Publisher by the Town Hall of Calpe, 1991.
Unamuno called "Soñando "Años y leguas" among stamp mint published the Mosquit. wall rebuilt in the XIV century
el Peñón de Ifach" in which and from this point we are urchins. It also makes a - "Historia de Calp" by Julia Campón i Gonzalvo, and Jaume Pastor
he quotes: "I was told that others, refer to el Peñón in national lottery ticket for obliged to stop and habitat for other species of i Fluixà. Publisher by the Town Hall of Calpe, 1989.
el Peñón de Ifach must be their work. the 5th August 1989 with contemplate the magnificent commercial interest, where - "Si el Peñón de Ifach pudiera hablar" by Dorothy Wright, 1981.

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salt flats de Turisme
Papel 100% Reciclado
Regidoria
de Ifach" and de Calp
Ajuntament
The "Peñón
www.calpe.es calpestacion@touristinfo.net
E-03710 Calp Fax (00 34) 96 587 56 94
Fax (00 34) 96 583 12 50 Tno. (00 34) 96 587 40 60 Fax (00 34) 96 583 95 17 Fax (00 34) 96 583 85 31
Tno. (00 34) 96 583 69 20 (junto Terminal de Autobuses) Tno. (00 34) 96 583 74 13 Tno. (00 34) 96 583 85 32
Avda. Ejércitos Españoles, 44 Avda. Generalitat Valenciana Puerto pesquero, s/n Plaza del Mosquit, s/n
TOURIST INFO PEÑÓN TOURIST INFO ESTACIÓN TOURIST INFO LONJA TOURIST INFO CENTRO
For an easier climb, wear
bins provided.
most precious belongings. way. making any noise. along the way and use the
respecting it as one of our flowers you find along the Don't disturb the wildlife by you have accumulated
Enjoy nature's pleasures Respect the plants and Keep the area clean. Bring down any rubbish
prevention of forest fires. shortcuts. Take binoculars. noise.
collaborate in the path in zigzag and don't use edges. the birds without making
route or whilst climbing; To avoid erosion use the Keep a fair distance from the Contemplate the beauty of
Avoid smoking along the appropriate footwear. SALINAS PEÑÓN
ADVICE FOR THE VISITOR
SALT AND CALPE'S SALT FLATS BIRDS OF THE SALT FLATS
Salt was a prime necessity of Gandia who received the prerogative of the salt so The administration of the
for the conservation of food. income from the salt flats. that from the middle of the Bourbon monarchy was a
Calpe needed this So, the leasing of the salt XV century the salt flats of lot more efficient which
product for the tax by the autonomous Calpe were administrated makes us believe they
conservation and government of Valencia in by the autonomous eradicated this abuse.
commercialisation of its fish. the first centuries of its government and not by The salt taxes were
For example, Valencia existence did not include the barons of Calpe. maintained throughout
consumed the fish from the salt flats of Calpe. As Most of our information the old regime. The FLAMENCO FOCHA GAVIOTA DE AUDEUIN POLLA DE AGUA CARRICERO
our waters, dating back to proof of the Duke and about the salt flats dates different stages of Flamingo Coot Gull of Adeuin Water pullet COMÚN
at least the XIV century. Duchess' jurisdiction over from the XVIII century liberalisation got rid of the Whitethroat
The Romans also needed the salt flats we have two onwards. It was Mayor stockpiles so that they
salt for the preparation of entries quoted by Cuenca Rodrigo Caballero were abolished totally on
"garum" for their fish farm Adam: (1711/1718) who gradually 3rdAugust 1834.
"los Baños de la Reina". That "In September 1404, the established the Castilian From this moment
is probably why the salt Duke of Gandia, Alfons, taxes in the Valencian onwards the salt flats went
flats of Calpe come from ordered the "Gabellador" region. into decline and stopped
such a remote origin. of the salt to improve the In 1719 the new mayor being exploited totally
Like a survival from the condition of the salt flats, Luis Antonio Mergelina y during the XIX century.
laws of the Romans which sell the salt free of earth Mota began the This brings us to 1917,
included the salt flats and soil and not mix distribution of the new tax Vicente Buigues bought CHORLITEJO
among the privileges of the Calpe's salt with the salt called "Real de la sal", which the land "El Saladar" from CIGÜEÑUELA GARZA REAL GAVIOTA REIDORA ÁNADE REAL PATINEGRO
emperors, Jaume I, when from La Mata (Guardamar)". consisted of giving each Rosa Josefa, José Salva and Stilt bird Heron Black-headed gull Royal duck
The administrator of the town an amount of salt and Juana Seguí Costa, from
Black-legged plover
establishing the "Fueros
Valencianos", reserved this salt flats could not have then each town gave each Gata de Gorgos, making
i m p o r t a n t s o u rce o f taken care of the matter household its quota. with his five sons a THE SALT FLATS Calpe's of the primitive lagoon due ground. is vitally important, for
income for the crown. i m m e d i a t e l y, m a y b e The towns were not able company with the name salt flats occupy a to the salt exploitation Wildlife: The high level of migrating birds as it serves
It could not be exploited because he was immersed to consume all the salt "Mercantil Buigues d e p re s s i o n f i l l e d by which it has been exposed production of the humid as a rest area and feeding
directly by the monarch so in the collection of the salt, given to them, causing Hermanos". quaternary alluvial to since Roman times. areas makes easy the ground, on the other hand
in 1260 they called on because on 29th of great holdups, in the Th i s i s h ow Ca l p e deposits . The position of Vegetation: This implantation of a great the importance of the salt
Bernat de Clora to October once again the production of the salt. managed to free itself from the Peñón is a decisive ecosystem develops its number of species to flats as a humid area within
administer the salt flats of Duke sent Jaume Ivars who We have discovered that marsh fever (a type of factor for the formation of own vegetation, adapted complete its biological an area whose climate
Calpe in exchange for four had to improve the salt the administrators of the malaria) which until then this interesting humid area. to withstand the high level cycle, crustaceans and includes droughts in the
parts out of every five flats in the space of a year salt flats were guilty of was an epidemic which This is a lagoon, of salt concentration from insects among the summer season is evident.
going to the royal before the festival of San fraud, like selling the salt at caused devastation in the generated from the the ground and the water. vertebrate animals
patrimony. Miguel in 1405. lower prices and town. Sickness and death development of a double The main characteristic of adapted to aquatic life,
Shortly afterwards, the When the royal duchy of sometimes there were were caused by terrible sandbar. In the section of these "adaptable to salt" amphibians and reptiles
salt flats were handed over Gandia died out the robberies with the aid of mosquitoes "Anopheles", sandbar in the bay of Calpe species, which occupy a also find an adequate
to be administered by "los domain of Calpe was those responsible, etc. transmitters of this disease the pools of the fish farm large part of the salt flats' habitat here, although, the
señores" to whom the returned to the crown and All this craftiness led to which had bred on the of the "baños de la reina" edges, is the formation of limited extent of the salt
Valencian monarchs ceded later, when it was given lots of long red tape waters of the salt flats for (queen's baths) have been the fatty leaves which flats makes it difficult for
Calpe as a "señorío", the o ve r t o R o d r i g o d e enquiries and some of centuries until they were excavated. The sandbar of contain a high salt large numbers of birds to
best example being that of Rebolledo, the royal those guilty of irregularities eradicated by this man, "El the "Fossa" beach is bigger, concentration so they can exist here. But because of
the Dukes and Duchesses patrimony reserved the were punished. Tí Marguí". there is hardly anything left absorb the water from the its geographical position it