A pediatrician is a doctor who provides medical care for children from birth to age 21. Pediatricians focus on the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of their patients. They manage both acute and chronic illnesses in children. Becoming a pediatrician requires graduating from college, attending medical school, and completing a multi-year residency program specializing in pediatric medicine. Pediatricians work in a variety of settings, including private practices, hospitals, and clinics. They use specialized equipment designed for use with children.