In common with all infectious processes, the pathogenesis of fungal disease can be envisaged as a battle between the molecular and cellular virulence armaments of the fungus and the molecular and cellular defences of the host. The damage done to the 'battlefield'—host tissue—is the resulting disease.

1. LOKESHWARI.B
1ST M.SCMICROBIOLOGY,
SACREDHEARTCOLLEGE,(AUTONOMOUS)
TIRUPATTUR.
PATHOGENESIS OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS

2. INTRODUCTION
between the host's immune system
and the virulence factors of the fungi.
superficial infections of the skin and mucous
membranes invasive infections that
affect internal organs

3. STEPS INVOLVED IN PATHOGENESIS OF FUNGI
Adherence and colonization
Tissue invasion
Immune evasion
Tissue damage
Inflammatory response
Host susceptibility factors
Toxin production
Systemic spread
Chronicity and persistence

4. ADHERENCE AND COLONIZATION
adhere to host tissues
adhesins
on the fungal cell surface
host cell receptors

5. TISSUE INVASION
penetrate host tissues
produce enzymes
facilitate tissue
penetration.

6. IMMUNE EVASION
evade
the host immune system.
inhibit
phagocytosis, neutralize antimicrobial
peptides,

7. TISSUE DAMAGE
host's inflammatory response to the
infection

8. INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
activating
inflammatory pathways
neutrophils and
macrophages are recruited

9. HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORS
immunodeficiency, underlying medical
conditions

10. TOXIN PRODUCTION
Mycotoxins
contribute to tissue damage

11. SYSTEMIC SPREAD
disseminate from
the initial site of infection
systemic or disseminated
fungal infections

12. CHRONICITYAND PERSISTENCE
evading host defenses

13. FUNGAL PATHOGENS
PRIMARY FUNGAL PATHOGENS
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGAL
PATHOGENS

14. PRIMARY FUNGAL PATHOGENS
cause disease in healthy individuals with intact immune systems
CHARACTERISTICS capable of
causing infections in hosts
establish infections and
overcome host defenses.

15. EXAMPLES
Histoplasma
capsulatum
(causes
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioides immitis
(causes
Coccidioidomycosis)

16. OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGAL PATHOGENS
pathogenic in individuals with compromised immune
systems
CHARACTERISTICS normal microbiota in
humans host's immune defenses are weakened
HIV/AIDS, organ transplantation, or immunosuppressive therapies

17. EXAMPLES
Candida species
(causes
candidiasis)
Aspergillus
species (causes
aspergillosis)
Cryptococcus
neoformans (causes
cryptococcosis)

18. EXAMPLES OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS
Candida species
Aspergillus species
Cryptococcus neoformans
Histoplasma capsulatum

19. THANK YOU