this lecture about Parkinson's disease for nursing and all people who want to learn about it. I hope you learn from it

1. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
STUDENTS NAME:
1-Mona Althubity
2-Jood Alshareef
3-Yara Alasiri
4-Hayfa Ahmed
5-Fatmah Alahmari
6-Hanan Alameer
7-Modi Almalki
Instructor name :
Dr.Hajar Alasmari

2. OUTLINE
•Background .
•Risk factors .
•Clinical manifestations .
•Diagnostic tests .
•Medical management .
•Nursing management .
•Nursing care plan.
•Conclusion .
•References .

3. PD reported in the Al-Thugbah study (27 per 100,000).
Stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease were uncommon with respective PRs
of 1.8,0.27 and 0.22 .
(Al Rajeh, et al., 2000; Alamri, MacAskil, Anderson and Benamer, 2015)

4. BACKGROUND
•PD characteristic progressive muscle rigidity ,
bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and tremors
.
(Cox, 2018; Langston , Palfreman and William, 2014; Baughman and Hackly, 1992)

6. RISK FACTORS
Genetic
Old age
Gender: male more than female
Injury

7. CHIEF MANIFICTATION
•Impaired movement .
•Muscular rigidity.
•Resting tremors.
•Muscle weakness.
•Loss of postural reflexes.
(Baughman and Hackly, 1992)

8. CLINICAL MANIFICTATION
• Stiffening of the
extremities.
• Waxy rigidity.
• Difficulty in
motor activities.
• Delay in
carrying out
normal activity.
Early
• Tremor.
• Characteristic
tremor is a
slow.
• Increases with
concentration
and anxiety.
Late
(Baughman and Hackly, 1992)

9. 1. Loss of normal arm swing.
2. Rigid extremities become weaker.
3. Mask like facial expression.
4. Loss of postural reflexes.
5. Depression and psychiatric
manifestations may occur.
Other Characteristics Affecting the
Face , Stature and Gait
(Baughman and Hackly, 1992)

10. Common complications associated
with PD include :
1-food aspiration because of
impaired voluntary movements.
2-urinary tract infections .
COMPLICATION
(Munden , Breuninger , Healy and Munson, 2002)

11. • history and physical examination.
•Urinalysis may reveal decreased dopamine level,
laboratory test results usually have little value in
identifying Parkinson’s disease.
•CT scan or MRI may be used to help rule out other
disorders.
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
(Munden , Breuninger , Healy and Munson, 2002)

12. Medical management
A- Pharmacotherapy
1-levodopa therapy most effective agent to
relive symptom .
2-dopamine- agonist-ergot .
3-Antihistamine for tremor .
B-surgical :
1-Surgical to destroy a part of the
thalamus (stereo-taxic thalamotomy ) to
relive certain types of excessive muscle
contraction .
2- transplantation of neural cells from fetal
tissue of human or animals source to
reestablish normal release.
(Baughman and Hackly, 1992)

13. Nursing managements and
interventions
•Improve mobility:
-exercise encourage daily ROM.
-enhance walking.
-use cane or walker.
• Improve hydration and nutrition:
-maintain fluid intake.
-monitor weight.
• Improve bowel elimination:
-stool softeners, mild laxatives, regular routine and
fiber.
• Enhance self-care:
-physical therapy.
-sleep on firm mattress.
• Improve communication:
-speech therapy.
• Support coping abilities:
-explore feelings.
-education.
(Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle and Cheever, 2009)

14. DIAGNOSIS
1-Impaired physical mobility related to
muscle rigidity and weakness.
2-Constipation related to medication and
reduced activity
3- Impaired verbal communication related to
decreased speech volume, slowness of
speech, inability to move facial muscles.
(Baughman and Hackly, 1992)

15. Yasser Arafat
Adolf HitlerMuhammad Ali
Adnan KhashoggiSaud Al Faisal
Famous people
who have
Parkinso’s disease

16. REFERANCES
Smeltzer, S. C. & Bare, B. G. (1992). Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of
medical-surgical nursing. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott (469-472).
Julie Munden, Cynthia C. Breuninger, Laura M. Healy, Carol H.
Munson(2002). Handbook of medical-surgical nursing. Wolters Kluwer
Health (678-679)
J. W. Langston & J.Palfreman (2013). The case of the frozen addicts:
How the solution of a medical mystery revolutionized the understanding
of Parkinson’s disease. IOS Press(58).
Suzanne C. Smeltzer, Brenda G. Bare, Janice L. Hinkle, Kerry H. Cheever
(2009). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-surgical Nursing
(1990-1991)

17. REFERANCES
Alamri Y, MacAskill M, Anderson T, Benamer H.Parkinson's disease in the
Gulf countries: an updated review. European neurology, 2015, 74.3-4:
222-225.
Al Rajeh S, Bademosi O, Ismail H, Awada A, Dawodu A, al-Freihi H, et al.
A community survey of neurological disorders in Saudi Arabia: the
Thugbah study. Neuroepidemiology 1993;12:164-178.
David.C (24 February, 2019) Can Immunotherapy Offer New Hope for
Parkinson’s Sufferers? https://labiotech.eu/features/immunotherapy-
parkinsons-disease/

18. WHAT DID
YOU LEARN
TODAY?
ANY
QEUSTIONS?