Parenteral:intravenous injection (IV)-drug is administered into an accessible vein (bolus versus slow infusion): --- vein, --- vein.advantages:route of choice for emergency admin of drugs large volumes can be given --- is complete; dose delivery is controlledroute with most --- onset of actionirritating solutions given by this route disadvantages:must inject many solutions ---nor for - -- ---adverse reactions can occur due to higher blood levels achieved rapidly compared to other routes.