This presentation is fully based of film studies which done as a part of academic curriculum.

1. PRESENTED BY
ARUNIMA GOSWAMI (MCM13033)
ASHWINI PHUKAN (MCM13034)
JUTIKA HANDIQUE (MCM13016)
MCJ, Tezpur University, Assam
WITH REFERENCE TO MALAYALAM CINEMA

2.  INTRODUCTION- PARALLEL CINEMA
 CHARACTERISTICS
 HISTORY OF MALAYALAM FILMS
 MALAYALAM PARALLEL FILMS
 DECLINE OF PARALLEL FILMS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

3.  Parallel cinema in India is a film
movement that originated in 1950s.
 It was an alternative to mainstream
commercial Indian cinema.
 It is also known as Indian New Wave
inspired by italian Neorealism.

4.  The Parallel Cinema movement began
to take shape from the late 1940s to the
1960s.
 This period is considered part of the
'Golden Age' of Indian cinema.

5. SATYAJIT RAY RITWIK GHATAK

6. BIMAL ROY MRINAL SEN

7. TAPAN SINHA BUDDHADEB DAS GUPTA

8. GURU DUTT V. SHANTARAM

9.  Parallel cinema is based on realism and
naturalism.
 It is known for its serious content.
 They are low budgeted films.
 These films have almost always been
funded by state-owned institutions.
 It promotes arts, culture and literature.

10.  The first cinema hall was established in
Trichur by K.W.Joseph in 1907.
 The first Malayalam film, Vigathakumaran,
in 1928 was a silent film, produced and
directed by J. C. Daniel.
 The second film, Marthanda Varma in
1933.Balan in 1938, was the first talkie in
Malayalam directed by S.Nottani.The first
major film studio, Udaya, was established in
Kerala.

11. o During 1950s films were related to themes of
social issues. Jeeitha Nouka (1951) was one
of such film .
o P Bhaskaran was one the notable director
during 60s and also in 70s
o 70s was the emergence of New wave
cinema in Malayalam which introduced the
works of French and Italian New wave.
o 1980s and 90s was a golden age of
Malayalam cinema.
o 2000s and 2010s was a massive release of
New wave or new generation movies till
present

12.  Ramu Karyat, the director of Neelakkuyil
directed Chemmeen(1965), First
Malayalam film to win the National Film
Award for Best Film.
 P. Bhaskaran also directed a few
acclaimed films in the 1960s.
 Rarichan Enna Pouran(1956) Iruttinte
Atmavu (1966).
 First colour film was Kandam Bacha Coat
in 1961.

13.  Malayalam cinema experienced its own
'Golden Age' in the 1980s and early
1990s.
 Some of the most acclaimed Indian
filmmakers at the time were from the
Malayalam industry, including Adoor
Gopalakrishnan, G. Aravindan, John
Abraham, Padmarajan, Bharathan, T. V.
Chandran and Shaji N. Karun.

14. Adoor Gopalakrishnan
G Aravindan

15. P N Menon M T Vasudevan Nair

16.  Rat Trap (1981) film by Adoor
Gopalakrishnan

17.  Bhargavi Nilayam (1964) directed by
A.Vincent

18.  Murappennu (1965) directed by A.
Vincent

19.  G. Aravindan’s “Esthappan” (1980)

20.  In the 1970s, the Malayalam film industry saw the rise
of film societies.
 It triggered a new genre of films known as “Parallel
Cinema".
 The main driving forces of the movement, who gave
priority to serious cinema, were Adoor
Gopalakrishnan and G. Aravindan.
 Adoor Gopalakrishnan's first film was
“Swayamvaram” (1972).
 It is the first Malayalam film to participate in an
International Film Festival.

21.  An important author in Malayalam, M. T.
Vasudevan Nair directed his first film
“Nirmalyam”, won President's Gold
Medal for Malayalam Parallel films.

22.  The first film of G. Aravindan was
“Uttarayanam” in 1974.
 Aravindan was famous in Kerala as a
cartoonist before he started making films.
 His Important movies are -
 Kanchana Seeta(1977)
 Thampu (1978)
 Kummatty (1979)
 Chidambaram (1985)
 Oridathu (1986)
 Vasthuhara (1991).

23.  The rising costs involved in film
production.
 Commercialization of the films had a
negative impact.
 Piracy
 Political and economic turmoil,
television proved to be fatal threat to
parallel cinema, as it declined.

24.  The mainstream exhibition system did not
pick up these films.
 The advent of television and its
popularity made Parallel Films decline.
 The young generations are mostly fond
of Bollywood and Hollywood Movies
rather than going for Parrallel Films .

25.  In the age of globalization, Malayalam
film industry faced challenges from other
film industries and television industry.
 The film makers continued their innings in
1990s and produced both commercial
and new wave films confidently.
 In the new millennium, the film makers
have adopted certain creative and
innovative measures to enrich the
process of film making in Kerala.

26.  In particular, Adoor Gopalakrishnan
emerged as the prominent new wave
film maker who brought international
recognition to Malayalam films through
his constructive and creative cinematic
contributions over a period of time.

28.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd
5yOD6qgj0

29.  Mass Communication- Art of Cinema –
book by Dr. S. Arokianathan
 Hours In The Dark essays on cinema-book
by T.G Vaidyanathan
 www.ijellh.com
 www.geni.com
 www.newindianexpress.com
 www.thehindu.com