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Major findings of PAR
undertaken on November, 2015
by
Center of Concern
Bi-Annual Review Meeting
Friday, March 27, 2015
Hawassa

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INDEX
Part I –Introduction
1
Part II –Methodologies
2
Part III – Major Findings
3
Part IV – Conclusion and Recommendations
4

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Center of Concern believed the result will ensure the consistency of
current SLCYs’ reintegration opportunities and explore new
opportunities
Center of Concern in collaboration with GOAL Ethiopia, has been
undertaking Participatory Action Research (PAR) regularly and using
the findings as an input for its child empowerment and protection
project
Accordingly, this participatory action research (PAR) had been
undertaken with an anticipated budget of 18,000 ETB for 2015
project implementation period
Part I –Introduction

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The overall purpose of the research is to explore the views,
experiences, beliefs and/or motivations of SLCYs on specific
matters: streetism and street life, defining community, DIRC
services, and public, health, protection, education, legal and other
livelihood services.
Accordingly, this participatory action research is aimed to come up
with concrete findings on the consistence of the current
reintegration opportunities and to explore new better
opportunities.
Purpose and Goal of the PAR

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A limitation of the research was the small size of the sample size
which is n = 72 though it is above the recommended minimum
sample size which is 30 for any research
Limitation of the PAR

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Location:
This Participatory Action Research is conducted at the Dropped In and
Rehabilitation Center of Center of Concern located in Hawassa city.
Hawassa City is the capital city of Southern Nations Nationalities and
Peoples Regional State which has a total area of 157.2 Sq/km.
Part II – Methodologies

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Sample Size and Sampling Procedure:
A total of 72 SLCYs disaggregated by age, Sex, IGA Engagement,
Vocational Skill engagement, and period of stay in the DIRC had
been participated in the research
The majority of all research participants (76%) were male
The participants divided in two five groups:
 12 vocational skills trainees,
 12 IGA beneficiaries of SLCYs,
 12 new SLCYs,
 12 Senior SLCYs,
 12 mixed age group of SLCYs, and
 12 Women SLCYs
Part II – Methodologies

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Data Type and Data Gathering Tools:
The data type is primary one and directly collected from SLCYs; and
F Focus Group Discussion (FGD) technique has been used as a
means of data gathering instrument
Data Analysis Methods:
the following data analysis methods were used:
 Constant comparison analysis,
 Classical content analysis, and
 Keywords-in-context
Part II – Methodologies

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Naming Preferece
Part III – Major Findings

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Category of Street Children:
Part III – Major Findings

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Stages of Street life:
Part III – Major Findings

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Observed Current Dynamics of Street life in Hawassa:
Part III – Major Findings

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Desire and Plan of the SLCYs Lived on the Streets of Hawassa City:
Part III – Major Findings

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Suggested Measure to be undertaken to improve the lives of street
living children and Youths:
 Need based, professional, in-depth and contextualized guidance and
counseling services
 Appropriate and proactive forms of education, and trainings
 Comprehensive rehabilitation center for substance and drug users
 Improved social cohesiveness among SLCYs and surrounding community
and decreased stigma and discriminations
 Expand the exit options and reintegration options of Child SPACE program
and creation of more employment and job opportunities
 Accessing more social services
 Capacitating Families of street living children
 Promoting family planning among SLCYs and their families
Part III – Major Findings

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Suggested Measure to be undertaken to improve the lives of street
living children and Youths:
 Getting public protection and shelter services and promoting the right of
children on street
 Creating awareness of Hawassa community more on street children and
 Including SLCYs in Government lead resettlement plan like what it did in
Gambela and Kaffa where different public services will easily avail and
proper infrastructures installed.
Part III – Major Findings

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Understanding of SLCYs on the Term Community:
 Majority of the respondents have defined community as group of people
living together and sharing similar life style, language, culture, build
emotional tie and religion in general
Respondents Expression on their Belongingness:
 Majority of the respondents mentioned that the “Street community”
is a community where they think they are belonging with.
 But, some of the respondents believe that they are belonging with
the “Community of Origin”
 Some of them think as they are belonging with surrounding
community of Hawassa city administration
Part III – Major Findings

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Expectation of SLCYs from the Community they Believe they are
Belonging:
Part III – Major Findings

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Types of Services Actually Received from the Community:
Part III – Major Findings

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Perceived Social Obligation for SLCYs and Common Public Utility
Show respect among SLCYs and towards the surrounding communities
Avoiding the utilization of substances and bad habits
Contributing towards the development and growth of Hawassa city
administration
Participating in different events and public gathering like community
sanitation and hygiene campaign, sport and entertainment programs
Providing services they can to the surrounding communities
To play preventive role towards the city peace and security and protecting
public properties
Becoming trustworthy by the surrounding community
Show their concern towards the community
Abiding with rules and regulation of the country
Part III – Major Findings

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Knowledge of SLCYs on Community Structures:
 They do have some common understanding and knowledge on
government structure like multi-party system, parliament
government hierarchy and management and major positions like
ministers, president etc.
 They have also some understanding on grass rout level community
structures and strata like community leaders, religion and religious
leader, Iddirs, Iqub, debo etc.
Part III – Major Findings

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Participation of SLCYs in Faith Based Organizations:
 Majority of the respondents replied that they have a culture of
participating in religious institutions despite the stigma
discrimination they faced from the religious institution’s
community.
Part III – Major Findings

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SLCYs’ Perceived and Preferred Objectives of DIRC:
 Perceived: To help, empower, protect and capacitate SLCYS
towards getting rid of street life and lead their own life
 Preferred: To empower the SLCYs through bringing measurable
behavioral change, enhancing sanitation and psychosocial make
up, and creating protective environment
Part III – Major Findings

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SLCYs’ Reasons for Coming to the DIRC:
 To get the rehabilitation services provided at DIRC level
 To get out of street life
 To be reunified with their families
 To get job opportunities
Part III – Major Findings

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Accessibility, Benefits of Services Provided, Relevance of Services
Provided, SLCYS Preference and Challenges Faced While Getting the
Services:
 Lack proper information and knowledge of the DIRC services by those street living
children who did not come to the DIRC is the major reason that prevent them not
access the service provided
 The rehabilitation program to let the SLCYs get out of substance usage, the
vocational skills trainings as a capacity building efforts and the music instrument
training the organization recently started to provide using volunteer are the most
crucial one that can bring to a life changing impact.
 Power interruption, disturbance of some SLCYs while watching TV, roughness of
volley ball playing ground, compactness of the compound, out dated and less in
number of outdoor playing materials, limited number of toilet rooms and bath
rooms are the major challenges the faced while accessing the services
Part III – Major Findings

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Preference of SLCYs on the Services Provided by the DIRC:
Part III – Major Findings

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Observed Change up on the SLCYs Accessing for DIRC Services:
 Brought behavioral change
 Stooped utilizing substances and drugs
 Create strong relationship and intimacy with the surrounding
community which was resulted from improved personal sanitation
 Able to manage their life properly and protect themselves from
different contagious deceases
 Start saving, education cover their expenses by themselves
 Decision making abilities improved
 Improved their social interactions and cohesiveness
 Become optimistic
Part III – Major Findings

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Perceived Indicators for Success of SLCYs Rehablitation Phase:
 Stopping the utilization of substances and drugs
 Regular attendance
 Improved communication skills and social interaction
 Keeping personal hygiene
Part III – Major Findings

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Public Services Mapping Results of SLCYs of Hawassa City
Administration:
Part III – Major Findings

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Public Services Mapping Results of SLCYs of Hawassa City
Administration:
Part III – Major Findings

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Conclusion:
 Street living children and youths preferred to be treated as parts of the
community and required recognitions from the communities of Hawassa City
Administration.
 Stigma and discrimination up on the SLCYs by the surrounding communities such
as police, at FBOs,
 Public service providers is most critical issues to be considered
 The SLCYs dislike the life they are living and they would love to get out of street
life if they get the opportunity, the trust and support from the community,
government, NGOs and their families.
 The service provided and the ChildSPACE program has brought remarkable impact
up on the lives of SLCYs keeping the proposed limitedness service provision
modalities as a major area of consideration for future courses of action.
Part III – Conclusion &
Recommendations

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Conclusion:
 The rehabilitation services have brought considerable impact on the positive behavioral
development of SLCYs and Improved health and sanitation of the SLCYs.
 The exit options have also a life changing impact and found to be relevant for the lives of
SLCYs keeping the number of SLCYs addressed by the options is limited in number
 In relation to the growth of the town, increase in inflation rate and increase in number of
SLCYs coming to Hawassa, the dynamism of street life is changed and become challenging
for SLCYs.
 The locations of Street corners have also increased and a number of strata are being created
based on ethnicity, job opportunities, seniority, and protection purposes.
 The support and care for SLCYs by the surrounding communities is encouraging though the
stigma and discrimination issues, and cohesiveness issues need to be given due
consideration.
Part III – Conclusion &
Recommendations

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Recommendations:
 The newly identified street corners need to be the targets of ChildSPACE program and
intensive street contacts need to be made accordingly;
 The project need to work on creating awareness up on the surrounding communities like
FBOs, private business owners and police persons about SLCYs so as to decrease the stigma
and discriminations;
 Due consideration will have to be given to female SLCYs by the Child SPACE program for its
future courses of action to reduce the vulnerability of female SLCYs on street life;
 The project needs to make more efforts in changing the thought of newly coming SLCYs and
other SLCs below 15 years of age in relation to their developmental stage and process, level
of maturity, their future life goal and information and perception on the expansion of the
city. In relation to this, the provisions of appropriate life skills trainings and guidance for
such target need to be given intensively
Part III – Conclusion &
Recommendations

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Recommendations:
 The project need also increase its reintegration options and number of SLCYs enrolled in to
reintegration process of the project. The project should also incorporate “drama and songs”
clubs as one forms of reintegration option and need to invest intensively accordingly.
 The guidance and counseling services need to be contextualized one and need to be
provided on the basis of age of the children, period of street life, and behavior of SLCYs in a
separate session rather than in mass and lose manner;
 The project need to looked in the critics forwarded on the DIRC services and adjust its
operational modalities in more friendly ways and keep the best interest of the child as much
as possible;
 The project need to think about the possibility of creating access for scholastic materials for
those SLCYs attended or planned to attend their education and;
 The project need to assure the participation and involvements of SLCYs at each level of
project implementation in a more active ways beyond the participating in some public
gathering, and campaigns
Part III – Conclusion &
Recommendations

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