1. Pakistan is located in South Asia between India, Afghanistan, and Iran with a population of over 169 million people and Urdu and English as the official languages. 2. One of the earliest human settlements in Pakistan was Mehrgarh where farming, herding, and crafts like stone tool making occurred as far back as 7000 BC. 3. Pakistan was influenced by several empires and religions over time, adopting Islam in the 8th century, and became independent from Britain in 1947 with Ali Jinnah as the first governor general.