The Food and Beverage services
"
‫خدمات‬
‫والمشروبات‬ ‫األغذية‬
"
.
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 1
‫جزء‬
«
5
»
Cost and Sales Concepts
and Labor Cost Controls
PROF/ HANY ATEF
DR/ AYDA FAYEZ
Training Objectives
1. Describe types of commercial foodservice.
‫التجارية‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫اشرح‬
.
2. Describe the types of institutional foodservice.
‫المؤسسية‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫اشرح‬
.
3. List the functions that all foodservices must perform.
‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫بها‬ ‫تقوم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الوظائف‬ ‫اذكر‬
.
4. Describe how a restaurant concept distinguishes one
restaurant from another.
‫آخر‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مطع‬ ‫المطعم‬ ‫مفهوم‬ ‫يميز‬ ‫كيف‬ ‫اشرح‬
.
5. Explain the importance of customer feedback.
‫العمالء‬ ‫مالحظات‬ ‫أهمية‬ ‫اشرح‬
.
2
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
• 6. Describe how the front-of-the-house and
back-of-the-house work together.
‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫م‬ ‫الخلفي‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫وقسم‬ ‫األمامي‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫يعمل‬ ‫كيف‬ ‫اشرح‬
.
• 7. Identify entry-level jobs in foodservice.
‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫مجال‬ ‫في‬ ‫المبتدئة‬ ‫الوظائف‬ ‫حدد‬
.
• 8. Identify opportunities for advancement in
foodservice.
‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫مجال‬ ‫في‬ ‫والتطور‬ ‫الترقية‬ ‫فرص‬ ‫حدد‬
.
• 9. Explain the roles of foodservice employees.
‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫موظفي‬ ‫أدوار‬ ‫اشرح‬
.
• 10. Describe how foodservice employees can
meet the needs of guests.
‫احتياجات‬ ‫تلبية‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫لموظفي‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫كيف‬ ‫اشرح‬
‫الضيوف‬
.
3
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
Cost and Sales
Concepts
and
Labor Cost Controls
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 4
Cost and Sales Concepts
• Cost and Sales Concepts
• Cost refers to the amount of money spent on producing a good or
service.
‫ٌشٌر‬
‫التكلفة‬
‫إلى‬
‫المبلغ‬
ً‫المال‬
‫الذي‬
‫ٌتم‬
‫إنفاله‬
‫على‬
‫إنتاج‬
‫منتج‬
‫أو‬
‫خدمة‬ .
• Sales represent the income generated from selling goods or
services to customers.
‫المبٌعات‬
‫تمثل‬
‫الدخل‬
‫الناتج‬
‫عن‬
‫بٌع‬
‫السلع‬
‫أو‬
‫الخدمات‬
‫للعمالء‬ .
• Understanding the relationship between cost and sales is crucial for
determining profitability.
‫فهم‬
‫العاللة‬
‫بٌن‬
‫التكلفة‬
‫والمبٌعات‬
‫أمر‬
‫بالغ‬
‫األهمٌة‬
‫لتحدٌد‬
‫الربحٌة‬ .
• A business aims to keep costs as low as possible while maximizing
sales to increase profits.
‫تهدف‬
‫الشركات‬
‫إلى‬
‫تملٌل‬
‫التكالٌف‬
‫لدر‬
‫اإلمكان‬
‫مع‬
‫زٌادة‬
‫المبٌعات‬
‫لتعزٌز‬
‫األرباح‬ .
5
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS):
• Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): This is the direct cost of producing or
purchasing goods that are sold by a business. It includes the cost of
raw materials, labor, and manufacturing expenses. Monitoring
COGS helps businesses determine profitability.
• ‫تكلفة‬
‫السلع‬
‫المباعة‬ (COGS): ً‫ه‬
‫التكلفة‬
‫المباشرة‬
‫إلنتاج‬
‫أو‬
‫شراء‬
‫السلع‬
ً‫الت‬
‫ٌتم‬
‫بٌعها‬
‫من‬
‫لبل‬
‫األعمال‬ . ‫وتشمل‬
‫تكلفة‬
‫المواد‬
‫الخام‬
‫والعمل‬
‫ونفمات‬
‫التصنٌع‬ . ‫ٌساعد‬
‫مرالبة‬ COGS
‫الشركات‬
ً‫ف‬
‫تحدٌد‬
‫الربحٌة‬ .
• Markup and Margin: Markup is the difference between the cost of
a product and its selling price, usually expressed as a percentage of
the cost. Margin, on the other hand, refers to the difference
between the selling price and the cost of the product, expressed as
a percentage of the selling price.
• ‫الرفع‬
‫والهامش‬ : ‫الرفع‬
‫هو‬
‫الفرق‬
‫بٌن‬
‫تكلفة‬
‫المنتج‬
‫وسعره‬
‫المباع‬
،
‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫وغال‬
‫ما‬
‫ٌتم‬
‫التعبٌر‬
‫عنه‬
‫كنسبة‬
‫مئوٌة‬
‫من‬
‫التكلفة‬ . ‫من‬
‫ناحٌة‬
‫أخرى‬
،
‫ٌشٌر‬
‫الهامش‬
‫إلى‬
‫الفرق‬
‫بٌن‬
‫سعر‬
‫البٌع‬
‫وتكلفة‬
‫المنتج‬
،
‫عبر‬ٌُ‫و‬
‫عنه‬
‫كنسبة‬
‫مئوٌة‬
‫من‬
‫سعر‬
‫البٌع‬ .
6
‫تابع‬
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
Labor Cost Controls
• Labor Cost Controls
• Labor Cost: Labor cost refers to the total expense associated with
the employment of workers, including wages, salaries, benefits, and
any other associated costs. Efficient labor cost management is
crucial for maintaining profitability in any business.
• ‫تكلفة‬
‫العمل‬ : ‫تشٌر‬
‫تكلفة‬
‫العمل‬
‫إلى‬
ً‫إجمال‬
‫النفمات‬
‫المرتبطة‬
‫بتوظٌف‬
‫العمال‬
،
‫بما‬
ً‫ف‬
‫ذلن‬
‫األجور‬
‫والرواتب‬
‫والمزاٌا‬
‫وأي‬
‫تكالٌف‬
‫أخرى‬
‫مرتبطة‬ . ‫إدارة‬
‫تكلفة‬
‫العمل‬
‫بكفاءة‬
‫أمر‬
‫بالغ‬
‫األهمٌة‬
‫للحفاظ‬
‫على‬
‫الربحٌة‬
ً‫ف‬
‫أي‬
‫عمل‬
‫تجاري‬ .
• Labor Cost Control: Labor cost control involves managing the
workforce effectively to ensure that labor expenses are kept within
the planned budget. This can involve optimizing work hours,
reducing overtime, and improving productivity.
• ‫التحكم‬
ً‫ف‬
‫تكلفة‬
‫العمل‬ : ‫ٌتضمن‬
‫التحكم‬
ً‫ف‬
‫تكلفة‬
‫العمل‬
‫إدارة‬
‫الموى‬
‫العاملة‬
‫بشكل‬
‫فعال‬
‫لضمان‬
‫أن‬
‫تظل‬
‫نفمات‬
‫العمل‬
‫ضمن‬
‫المٌزانٌة‬
‫المخططة‬ . ‫لد‬
‫ٌشمل‬
‫ذلن‬
‫تحسٌن‬
‫ساعات‬
‫العمل‬
،
‫وتملٌل‬
‫ساعات‬
‫العمل‬
‫اإلضافٌة‬
،
‫وتحسٌن‬
‫اإلنتاجٌة‬ .
7
‫تابع‬
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
Labor Cost Controls
• Labor Cost Controls
• Labor cost refers to the total expenses related to employee wages,
benefits, and other compensation.
‫تكالٌف‬
‫العمالة‬
‫تشٌر‬
‫إلى‬
‫النفمات‬
‫اإلجمالٌة‬
‫المتعلمة‬
‫بأجور‬
‫الموظفٌن‬
،
‫والمزاٌا‬
،
‫والتعوٌضات‬
‫األخرى‬.
• Controlling labor costs is essential for maintaining profitability and
efficiency within a business.
‫ٌعد‬
‫التحكم‬
ً‫ف‬
‫تكالٌف‬
‫العمالة‬
‫ا‬ً‫أمر‬
‫ا‬ًٌ‫أساس‬
‫للحفاظ‬
‫على‬
‫الربحٌة‬
‫والكفاءة‬
‫داخل‬
‫الشركة‬ .
• Effective labor cost controls can include scheduling, optimizing workforce
utilization, and monitoring overtime.
‫ٌمكن‬
‫أن‬
‫تشمل‬
‫ضوابط‬
‫تكالٌف‬
‫العمالة‬
‫الة‬ّ‫ع‬‫الف‬
‫الجدولة‬
،
‫وتحسٌن‬
‫استخدام‬
‫الموى‬
‫العاملة‬
،
‫ومرالبة‬
‫ساعات‬
‫العمل‬
‫اإلضافٌة‬ .
• Businesses often compare labor costs to sales to calculate the labor cost
percentage, which helps in assessing operational efficiency.
‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫غال‬
‫ما‬
‫تمارن‬
‫الشركات‬
‫بٌن‬
‫تكالٌف‬
‫العمالة‬
‫والمبٌعات‬
‫لحساب‬
‫نسبة‬
‫تكالٌف‬
‫العمالة‬
،
‫مما‬
‫ٌساعد‬
ً‫ف‬
‫تمٌٌم‬
‫الكفاءة‬
‫التشغٌلٌة‬ .
8
‫تابع‬
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
Important Concepts
• Revenue is the amount of dollars you take in.
‫علٌه‬ ‫تحصل‬ ‫الذي‬ ً‫المال‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫اإلٌرادات‬
.
• Expenses are the costs of the items required to
operate the business.
‫األعمال‬ ‫لتشغٌل‬ ‫الالزمة‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫النفمات‬
.
• Profit is the amount of dollars that remain after
all expenses have been paid.
‫النفمات‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ٌبمى‬ ‫الذي‬ ً‫المال‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الربح‬
.
Revenue - Expenses = Profit
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 9
COSTS
• There are four costs a Food Service Manager must concern
themselves with
• Food costs are the costs associated with actually producing
the menu items.
‫الفعلٌة‬ ‫المائمة‬ ‫عناصر‬ ‫بإنتاج‬ ‫المرتبطة‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكالٌف‬
.
• In most cases, food costs will make up the largest or second
largest expense category you must learn to manage.
‫علٌن‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ‫نفمات‬ ‫فئة‬ ‫أكبر‬ ً‫ثان‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫ستشكل‬ ،‫الحاالت‬ ‫معظم‬ ً‫ف‬
‫إدارتها‬ ‫تعلم‬
.
• Beverage costs are those related to the sale of alcoholic
beverages.
‫الكحولٌة‬ ‫المشروبات‬ ‫ببٌع‬ ‫المرتبطة‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫المشروبات‬ ‫تكالٌف‬
.
• Costs of a non-alcoholic nature are considered an expense in
the Food Costs category.
‫الطعام‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫فئة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫مصروفات‬ ‫الكحولٌة‬ ‫غٌر‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ‫تعتبر‬
.
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 10
‫تابع‬
COSTS
• Alcoholic beverages accounted for in the Beverage Costs
category include beer, wine, and liquor.
،‫والنبٌذ‬ ،‫البٌرة‬ ‫المشروبات‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫فئة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫المسجلة‬ ‫الكحولٌة‬ ‫المشروبات‬ ‫تشمل‬
‫الروحٌة‬ ‫والمشروبات‬
.
• It may also include the costs of ingredients necessary to
produce these drinks, such as cherries, lemons, olives, limes,
mixers like carbonated beverages and juices, and other items
commonly used in the production and service of alcoholic
beverages.
،‫الكرز‬ ‫مثل‬ ،‫المشروبات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫إلنتاج‬ ‫الضرورٌة‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬ٌ‫أ‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫لد‬
‫وغٌرها‬ ،‫والعصائر‬ ‫الغازٌة‬ ‫والمشروبات‬ ،‫الحامض‬ ‫واللٌمون‬ ،‫والزٌتون‬ ،‫واللٌمون‬
‫الكحولٌة‬ ‫المشروبات‬ ‫وتمدٌم‬ ‫إنتاج‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫من‬
.
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 11
‫تابع‬
COSTS
• Labor costs include the cost of all employees necessary
to run the business, including taxes and benefits.
ً‫ف‬ ‫بما‬ ،‫العمل‬ ‫لتشغٌل‬ ‫الالزمٌن‬ ‫الموظفٌن‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫العمالة‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫تشمل‬
‫والمزاٌا‬ ‫الضرائب‬ ‫ذلن‬
.
• In most operations, labor costs are second only to food
costs in total dollars spent.
‫حٌث‬ ‫من‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الثانٌة‬ ‫العمالة‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫تعد‬ ،‫العملٌات‬ ‫معظم‬ ً‫ف‬
‫المنفمة‬ ‫المبالغ‬ ً‫إجمال‬
.
• Overhead costs include all expenses that are neither
food, beverage nor labor, such as utilities, rent, linen,
etc.
‫المشروبات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫بالطعام‬ ‫تتعلك‬ ‫ال‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫النفمات‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ‫التشغٌل‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫تشمل‬
‫ذلن‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫وما‬ ،‫والمفروشات‬ ،‫واإلٌجار‬ ،‫المرافك‬ ‫مثل‬ ،‫العمالة‬ ‫أو‬
.
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 12
‫تابع‬
Getting Started
• Good managers learn to understand, control, and
manage their expenses.
‫نفماتهم‬ ‫وإدارة‬ ‫والتحكم‬ ‫فهم‬ ‫الجٌدون‬ ‫المدٌرون‬ ‫ٌتعلم‬
.
• Numbers can be difficult to interpret due to inflation.
‫التضخم‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫التفسٌر‬ ‫صعبة‬ ‫األرلام‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌمكن‬
.
• Therefore, the industry uses percentage calculations.
‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسب‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫المطاع‬ ‫ٌستخدم‬ ،‫لذلن‬
.
• Percentages are the most common standard used for
evaluating costs in the foodservice industry.
ً‫ف‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ‫لتمٌٌم‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫شٌو‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫المعٌار‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسب‬
‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫صناعة‬
.
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 13
Cost Percent
• Food Cost = Food Cost %
‫الطعام‬ ‫تكلفة‬
=
‫الطعام‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫نسبة‬
• Food Sales
‫الطعام‬ ‫مبٌعات‬
• Beverage Cost = Beverage Cost %
‫المشروبات‬ ‫تكلفة‬
=
‫المشروبات‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫نسبة‬
• Beverage Sales
‫المشروبات‬ ‫مبٌعات‬
• Labor Costs = Labor Cost %
‫العمالة‬ ‫تكالٌف‬
=
‫العمالة‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫نسبة‬
• Total Sales
‫المبٌعات‬ ً‫إجمال‬
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 14
‫تابع‬
Cost Percent
‫نسبت‬
‫التكلفت‬
• Cost percent is a way to express the cost of an
item as a percentage of sales. It helps
businesses understand how much of their
sales revenue is being spent on specific costs.
• ‫التكلفة‬ ‫نسبة‬
‫من‬ ‫مئوٌة‬ ‫كنسبة‬ ‫معٌن‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبٌر‬ ‫طرٌمة‬ ً‫ه‬
‫المبٌعات‬
.
‫الناتجة‬ ‫اإلٌرادات‬ ‫ممدار‬ ‫فهم‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الشركات‬ ‫تساعد‬
‫المحددة‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ‫على‬ ‫إنفالها‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫المبٌعات‬ ‫عن‬
.
15
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
‫تابع‬
Cost Percent
• Percent (%) means “out of each hundred.”
‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسبة‬
)%(
ً‫تعن‬
"
‫مئة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫من‬
".
• There are three (3) ways to write a percent:
‫ثالث‬ ‫هنان‬
(
3
)
‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫لكتابة‬ ‫طرق‬
:
• Common Form
In its common form, the "%" sign is used to express the percentage, as
in 10%.
‫عالمة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ،‫الشائع‬ ‫الشكل‬ ً‫ف‬
"%"
ً‫ف‬ ‫كما‬ ،‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبٌر‬
10
.%
• Fraction Form
In fraction form, the percent is expressed as the part, or a portion of
100, as in 10/100.
‫من‬ ‫حصة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫كجزء‬ ‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التعبٌر‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ،‫الكسري‬ ‫الشكل‬ ً‫ف‬
100
ً‫ف‬ ‫كما‬ ،
10/100
.
• Decimal Form
The decimal form uses the (.) or decimal point to express the percent
relationship, as in 0.10.
‫النمطة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ،‫العشري‬ ‫الشكل‬ ً‫ف‬
).(
‫كما‬ ،‫المئوٌة‬ ‫العاللة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبٌر‬ ‫العشرٌة‬ ‫العالمة‬ ‫أو‬
ً‫ف‬
0.10
.
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 16
‫تابع‬
Simplified Profit and Loss
‫والخسارة‬ ‫الربح‬
‫المبسط‬
• A simplified profit and loss statement is a financial summary that helps a
business owner or manager quickly evaluate the company's financial
performance. It focuses on key financial components like revenue, costs, and
profit.
• ‫األداء‬ ‫تقييم‬ ‫في‬ ‫المدير‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫صاحب‬ ‫يساعد‬ ‫مالي‬ ‫ملخص‬ ‫هو‬ ‫والخسارة‬ ‫للربح‬ ‫المبسط‬ ‫البيان‬
‫بسرعة‬ ‫للشركة‬ ‫المالي‬
.
‫والربح‬ ‫والتكاليف‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫على‬ ‫يركز‬
.
• Here is the simplified structure of a Profit and Loss (P&L) statement:
• ‫والخسارة‬ ‫الربح‬ ‫لبيان‬ ‫مبسط‬ ‫هيكل‬ ‫إليك‬
:
1. Revenue (Sales)
‫اإليرادات‬
(
‫المبٌعات‬
)
The total income generated by the business from sales of goods or services.
2. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
‫المباعة‬ ‫البضاعة‬ ‫تكلفة‬
( COGS)
The direct costs of producing or purchasing the goods that were sold.
3. Gross Profit
‫اإلجمالي‬ ‫الربح‬
Calculated by subtracting COGS from Revenue.
‫اإلٌرادات‬ ‫من‬ ‫المباعة‬ ‫البضاعة‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫بطرح‬ ‫حسابه‬ ‫ٌتم‬
.
17
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
‫تابع‬
Simplified Profit and Loss
‫والخسارة‬ ‫الربح‬
‫المبسط‬
4. Operating Expenses
‫التشغيلية‬ ‫المصروفات‬
Includes costs such as rent, utilities, and salaries that are not directly tied to
production.
5. Operating Profit
‫التشغيلي‬ ‫الربح‬
Calculated by subtracting operating expenses from gross profit.
‫الربح‬ ‫من‬ ‫التشغٌلٌة‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫بطرح‬ ‫حسابه‬ ‫ٌتم‬
ً‫اإلجمال‬
.
6. Net Profit
‫الصافي‬ ‫الربح‬
The final profit after deducting taxes and any other non-operating expenses.
‫تشغٌلٌة‬ ‫غٌر‬ ‫نفمات‬ ‫وأي‬ ‫الضرائب‬ ‫خصم‬ ‫بعد‬ ً‫النهائ‬ ‫الربح‬ ‫هو‬
.
• This simplified version helps focus on key components to understand a
business's financial health without complex details.
‫دون‬ ‫لألعمال‬ ‫المالٌة‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫لفهم‬ ‫الرئٌسٌة‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫على‬ ‫التركٌز‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫المبسطة‬ ‫النسخة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تساعد‬
‫المعمدة‬ ‫التفاصٌل‬
.
18
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
‫تابع‬
Simplified Profit and Loss
• Put in another format, the equation looks as follows:
Revenue (100%)
- Food & Beverage Cost %
- Labor Cost %
- Overhead Cost %
= Profit %
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 19
‫تابع‬
Simplified Profit and Loss
• Revenue (100%)
‫اإليرادات‬
(
100
)%
• Food & Beverage Cost %
‫والشراب‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫نسبة‬
• Labor Cost %
‫العمالة‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫نسبة‬
• Overhead Cost %
‫العامة‬ ‫التكاليف‬ ‫نسبة‬
• =Profit %
= ‫الربح‬ ‫نسبة‬
• This formula helps calculate the profit percentage by subtracting
the costs from total revenue. The result gives the profit as a
percentage of total revenue.
‫اإلٌرادات‬ ‫من‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ‫طرح‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الربح‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫حساب‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الصٌغة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تساعد‬
‫اإلجمالٌة‬
.
‫اإلجمالٌة‬ ‫اإلٌرادات‬ ‫من‬ ‫مئوٌة‬ ‫كنسبة‬ ‫الربح‬ ً‫تعط‬ ‫النتٌجة‬
.
20
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
‫تابع‬
Understanding the Profit and
Loss Statement
• The primary purpose of preparing a P&L is to identify
revenue, expenses, and profits for a given time period.
• Common percentages used in a P&L statement:
2. Labor Cost
Revenue = Labor Cost %
3. Overhead Cost
Revenue = Overhead Cost %
4. Profit
Revenue = Profit %
1. Food and Beverage Cost
Revenue = Food and Beverage Cost %
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 21
‫تابع‬
Simplified Profit and Loss
Statement
• Sales ______ 100%
• Food Cost 349,725 33%
• Labor Cost ______ 29%
• Overhead ______ _____
• Profit ______ 7%
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 22
Any Questions 23
Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda

p5.pdf الجزء الخامس فن خدمة الاغذية والمشروبات في المطاعم

  • 1.
    The Food andBeverage services " ‫خدمات‬ ‫والمشروبات‬ ‫األغذية‬ " . Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 1 ‫جزء‬ « 5 » Cost and Sales Concepts and Labor Cost Controls PROF/ HANY ATEF DR/ AYDA FAYEZ
  • 2.
    Training Objectives 1. Describetypes of commercial foodservice. ‫التجارية‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫اشرح‬ . 2. Describe the types of institutional foodservice. ‫المؤسسية‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫اشرح‬ . 3. List the functions that all foodservices must perform. ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫بها‬ ‫تقوم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الوظائف‬ ‫اذكر‬ . 4. Describe how a restaurant concept distinguishes one restaurant from another. ‫آخر‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مطع‬ ‫المطعم‬ ‫مفهوم‬ ‫يميز‬ ‫كيف‬ ‫اشرح‬ . 5. Explain the importance of customer feedback. ‫العمالء‬ ‫مالحظات‬ ‫أهمية‬ ‫اشرح‬ . 2 Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
  • 3.
    • 6. Describehow the front-of-the-house and back-of-the-house work together. ‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫م‬ ‫الخلفي‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫وقسم‬ ‫األمامي‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫يعمل‬ ‫كيف‬ ‫اشرح‬ . • 7. Identify entry-level jobs in foodservice. ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫مجال‬ ‫في‬ ‫المبتدئة‬ ‫الوظائف‬ ‫حدد‬ . • 8. Identify opportunities for advancement in foodservice. ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫مجال‬ ‫في‬ ‫والتطور‬ ‫الترقية‬ ‫فرص‬ ‫حدد‬ . • 9. Explain the roles of foodservice employees. ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫موظفي‬ ‫أدوار‬ ‫اشرح‬ . • 10. Describe how foodservice employees can meet the needs of guests. ‫احتياجات‬ ‫تلبية‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫لموظفي‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫كيف‬ ‫اشرح‬ ‫الضيوف‬ . 3 Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
  • 4.
    Cost and Sales Concepts and LaborCost Controls Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 4
  • 5.
    Cost and SalesConcepts • Cost and Sales Concepts • Cost refers to the amount of money spent on producing a good or service. ‫ٌشٌر‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ً‫المال‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫إنفاله‬ ‫على‬ ‫إنتاج‬ ‫منتج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫خدمة‬ . • Sales represent the income generated from selling goods or services to customers. ‫المبٌعات‬ ‫تمثل‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫الناتج‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بٌع‬ ‫السلع‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الخدمات‬ ‫للعمالء‬ . • Understanding the relationship between cost and sales is crucial for determining profitability. ‫فهم‬ ‫العاللة‬ ‫بٌن‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫والمبٌعات‬ ‫أمر‬ ‫بالغ‬ ‫األهمٌة‬ ‫لتحدٌد‬ ‫الربحٌة‬ . • A business aims to keep costs as low as possible while maximizing sales to increase profits. ‫تهدف‬ ‫الشركات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تملٌل‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ‫لدر‬ ‫اإلمكان‬ ‫مع‬ ‫زٌادة‬ ‫المبٌعات‬ ‫لتعزٌز‬ ‫األرباح‬ . 5 Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
  • 6.
    Cost of GoodsSold (COGS): • Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): This is the direct cost of producing or purchasing goods that are sold by a business. It includes the cost of raw materials, labor, and manufacturing expenses. Monitoring COGS helps businesses determine profitability. • ‫تكلفة‬ ‫السلع‬ ‫المباعة‬ (COGS): ً‫ه‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫المباشرة‬ ‫إلنتاج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫شراء‬ ‫السلع‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫بٌعها‬ ‫من‬ ‫لبل‬ ‫األعمال‬ . ‫وتشمل‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫الخام‬ ‫والعمل‬ ‫ونفمات‬ ‫التصنٌع‬ . ‫ٌساعد‬ ‫مرالبة‬ COGS ‫الشركات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫تحدٌد‬ ‫الربحٌة‬ . • Markup and Margin: Markup is the difference between the cost of a product and its selling price, usually expressed as a percentage of the cost. Margin, on the other hand, refers to the difference between the selling price and the cost of the product, expressed as a percentage of the selling price. • ‫الرفع‬ ‫والهامش‬ : ‫الرفع‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الفرق‬ ‫بٌن‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫المنتج‬ ‫وسعره‬ ‫المباع‬ ، ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫وغال‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫التعبٌر‬ ‫عنه‬ ‫كنسبة‬ ‫مئوٌة‬ ‫من‬ ‫التكلفة‬ . ‫من‬ ‫ناحٌة‬ ‫أخرى‬ ، ‫ٌشٌر‬ ‫الهامش‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الفرق‬ ‫بٌن‬ ‫سعر‬ ‫البٌع‬ ‫وتكلفة‬ ‫المنتج‬ ، ‫عبر‬ٌُ‫و‬ ‫عنه‬ ‫كنسبة‬ ‫مئوٌة‬ ‫من‬ ‫سعر‬ ‫البٌع‬ . 6 ‫تابع‬ Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
  • 7.
    Labor Cost Controls •Labor Cost Controls • Labor Cost: Labor cost refers to the total expense associated with the employment of workers, including wages, salaries, benefits, and any other associated costs. Efficient labor cost management is crucial for maintaining profitability in any business. • ‫تكلفة‬ ‫العمل‬ : ‫تشٌر‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫إلى‬ ً‫إجمال‬ ‫النفمات‬ ‫المرتبطة‬ ‫بتوظٌف‬ ‫العمال‬ ، ‫بما‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ذلن‬ ‫األجور‬ ‫والرواتب‬ ‫والمزاٌا‬ ‫وأي‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫مرتبطة‬ . ‫إدارة‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫بكفاءة‬ ‫أمر‬ ‫بالغ‬ ‫األهمٌة‬ ‫للحفاظ‬ ‫على‬ ‫الربحٌة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫أي‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫تجاري‬ . • Labor Cost Control: Labor cost control involves managing the workforce effectively to ensure that labor expenses are kept within the planned budget. This can involve optimizing work hours, reducing overtime, and improving productivity. • ‫التحكم‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫العمل‬ : ‫ٌتضمن‬ ‫التحكم‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫الموى‬ ‫العاملة‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫لضمان‬ ‫أن‬ ‫تظل‬ ‫نفمات‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫المٌزانٌة‬ ‫المخططة‬ . ‫لد‬ ‫ٌشمل‬ ‫ذلن‬ ‫تحسٌن‬ ‫ساعات‬ ‫العمل‬ ، ‫وتملٌل‬ ‫ساعات‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫اإلضافٌة‬ ، ‫وتحسٌن‬ ‫اإلنتاجٌة‬ . 7 ‫تابع‬ Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
  • 8.
    Labor Cost Controls •Labor Cost Controls • Labor cost refers to the total expenses related to employee wages, benefits, and other compensation. ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫العمالة‬ ‫تشٌر‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫النفمات‬ ‫اإلجمالٌة‬ ‫المتعلمة‬ ‫بأجور‬ ‫الموظفٌن‬ ، ‫والمزاٌا‬ ، ‫والتعوٌضات‬ ‫األخرى‬. • Controlling labor costs is essential for maintaining profitability and efficiency within a business. ‫ٌعد‬ ‫التحكم‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫العمالة‬ ‫ا‬ً‫أمر‬ ‫ا‬ًٌ‫أساس‬ ‫للحفاظ‬ ‫على‬ ‫الربحٌة‬ ‫والكفاءة‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫الشركة‬ . • Effective labor cost controls can include scheduling, optimizing workforce utilization, and monitoring overtime. ‫ٌمكن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫ضوابط‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫العمالة‬ ‫الة‬ّ‫ع‬‫الف‬ ‫الجدولة‬ ، ‫وتحسٌن‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫الموى‬ ‫العاملة‬ ، ‫ومرالبة‬ ‫ساعات‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫اإلضافٌة‬ . • Businesses often compare labor costs to sales to calculate the labor cost percentage, which helps in assessing operational efficiency. ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫غال‬ ‫ما‬ ‫تمارن‬ ‫الشركات‬ ‫بٌن‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫العمالة‬ ‫والمبٌعات‬ ‫لحساب‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫العمالة‬ ، ‫مما‬ ‫ٌساعد‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫تمٌٌم‬ ‫الكفاءة‬ ‫التشغٌلٌة‬ . 8 ‫تابع‬ Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda
  • 9.
    Important Concepts • Revenueis the amount of dollars you take in. ‫علٌه‬ ‫تحصل‬ ‫الذي‬ ً‫المال‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫اإلٌرادات‬ . • Expenses are the costs of the items required to operate the business. ‫األعمال‬ ‫لتشغٌل‬ ‫الالزمة‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫النفمات‬ . • Profit is the amount of dollars that remain after all expenses have been paid. ‫النفمات‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ٌبمى‬ ‫الذي‬ ً‫المال‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الربح‬ . Revenue - Expenses = Profit Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 9
  • 10.
    COSTS • There arefour costs a Food Service Manager must concern themselves with • Food costs are the costs associated with actually producing the menu items. ‫الفعلٌة‬ ‫المائمة‬ ‫عناصر‬ ‫بإنتاج‬ ‫المرتبطة‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ . • In most cases, food costs will make up the largest or second largest expense category you must learn to manage. ‫علٌن‬ ‫ٌجب‬ ‫نفمات‬ ‫فئة‬ ‫أكبر‬ ً‫ثان‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫ستشكل‬ ،‫الحاالت‬ ‫معظم‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫إدارتها‬ ‫تعلم‬ . • Beverage costs are those related to the sale of alcoholic beverages. ‫الكحولٌة‬ ‫المشروبات‬ ‫ببٌع‬ ‫المرتبطة‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫المشروبات‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ . • Costs of a non-alcoholic nature are considered an expense in the Food Costs category. ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫فئة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫مصروفات‬ ‫الكحولٌة‬ ‫غٌر‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ‫تعتبر‬ . Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 10 ‫تابع‬
  • 11.
    COSTS • Alcoholic beveragesaccounted for in the Beverage Costs category include beer, wine, and liquor. ،‫والنبٌذ‬ ،‫البٌرة‬ ‫المشروبات‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫فئة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫المسجلة‬ ‫الكحولٌة‬ ‫المشروبات‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫الروحٌة‬ ‫والمشروبات‬ . • It may also include the costs of ingredients necessary to produce these drinks, such as cherries, lemons, olives, limes, mixers like carbonated beverages and juices, and other items commonly used in the production and service of alcoholic beverages. ،‫الكرز‬ ‫مثل‬ ،‫المشروبات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫إلنتاج‬ ‫الضرورٌة‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬ٌ‫أ‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫لد‬ ‫وغٌرها‬ ،‫والعصائر‬ ‫الغازٌة‬ ‫والمشروبات‬ ،‫الحامض‬ ‫واللٌمون‬ ،‫والزٌتون‬ ،‫واللٌمون‬ ‫الكحولٌة‬ ‫المشروبات‬ ‫وتمدٌم‬ ‫إنتاج‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫من‬ . Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 11 ‫تابع‬
  • 12.
    COSTS • Labor costsinclude the cost of all employees necessary to run the business, including taxes and benefits. ً‫ف‬ ‫بما‬ ،‫العمل‬ ‫لتشغٌل‬ ‫الالزمٌن‬ ‫الموظفٌن‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫العمالة‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫والمزاٌا‬ ‫الضرائب‬ ‫ذلن‬ . • In most operations, labor costs are second only to food costs in total dollars spent. ‫حٌث‬ ‫من‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الثانٌة‬ ‫العمالة‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫تعد‬ ،‫العملٌات‬ ‫معظم‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫المنفمة‬ ‫المبالغ‬ ً‫إجمال‬ . • Overhead costs include all expenses that are neither food, beverage nor labor, such as utilities, rent, linen, etc. ‫المشروبات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫بالطعام‬ ‫تتعلك‬ ‫ال‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫النفمات‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ‫التشغٌل‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫ذلن‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫وما‬ ،‫والمفروشات‬ ،‫واإلٌجار‬ ،‫المرافك‬ ‫مثل‬ ،‫العمالة‬ ‫أو‬ . Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 12 ‫تابع‬
  • 13.
    Getting Started • Goodmanagers learn to understand, control, and manage their expenses. ‫نفماتهم‬ ‫وإدارة‬ ‫والتحكم‬ ‫فهم‬ ‫الجٌدون‬ ‫المدٌرون‬ ‫ٌتعلم‬ . • Numbers can be difficult to interpret due to inflation. ‫التضخم‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫التفسٌر‬ ‫صعبة‬ ‫األرلام‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ٌمكن‬ . • Therefore, the industry uses percentage calculations. ‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسب‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫المطاع‬ ‫ٌستخدم‬ ،‫لذلن‬ . • Percentages are the most common standard used for evaluating costs in the foodservice industry. ً‫ف‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ‫لتمٌٌم‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫شٌو‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫المعٌار‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسب‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫صناعة‬ . Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 13
  • 14.
    Cost Percent • FoodCost = Food Cost % ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكلفة‬ = ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫نسبة‬ • Food Sales ‫الطعام‬ ‫مبٌعات‬ • Beverage Cost = Beverage Cost % ‫المشروبات‬ ‫تكلفة‬ = ‫المشروبات‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫نسبة‬ • Beverage Sales ‫المشروبات‬ ‫مبٌعات‬ • Labor Costs = Labor Cost % ‫العمالة‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ = ‫العمالة‬ ‫تكالٌف‬ ‫نسبة‬ • Total Sales ‫المبٌعات‬ ً‫إجمال‬ Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 14 ‫تابع‬
  • 15.
    Cost Percent ‫نسبت‬ ‫التكلفت‬ • Costpercent is a way to express the cost of an item as a percentage of sales. It helps businesses understand how much of their sales revenue is being spent on specific costs. • ‫التكلفة‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫من‬ ‫مئوٌة‬ ‫كنسبة‬ ‫معٌن‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبٌر‬ ‫طرٌمة‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫المبٌعات‬ . ‫الناتجة‬ ‫اإلٌرادات‬ ‫ممدار‬ ‫فهم‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الشركات‬ ‫تساعد‬ ‫المحددة‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ‫على‬ ‫إنفالها‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫المبٌعات‬ ‫عن‬ . 15 Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda ‫تابع‬
  • 16.
    Cost Percent • Percent(%) means “out of each hundred.” ‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسبة‬ )%( ً‫تعن‬ " ‫مئة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫من‬ ". • There are three (3) ways to write a percent: ‫ثالث‬ ‫هنان‬ ( 3 ) ‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫لكتابة‬ ‫طرق‬ : • Common Form In its common form, the "%" sign is used to express the percentage, as in 10%. ‫عالمة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ،‫الشائع‬ ‫الشكل‬ ً‫ف‬ "%" ً‫ف‬ ‫كما‬ ،‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبٌر‬ 10 .% • Fraction Form In fraction form, the percent is expressed as the part, or a portion of 100, as in 10/100. ‫من‬ ‫حصة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫كجزء‬ ‫المئوٌة‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التعبٌر‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ،‫الكسري‬ ‫الشكل‬ ً‫ف‬ 100 ً‫ف‬ ‫كما‬ ، 10/100 . • Decimal Form The decimal form uses the (.) or decimal point to express the percent relationship, as in 0.10. ‫النمطة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ،‫العشري‬ ‫الشكل‬ ً‫ف‬ ).( ‫كما‬ ،‫المئوٌة‬ ‫العاللة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبٌر‬ ‫العشرٌة‬ ‫العالمة‬ ‫أو‬ ً‫ف‬ 0.10 . Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 16 ‫تابع‬
  • 17.
    Simplified Profit andLoss ‫والخسارة‬ ‫الربح‬ ‫المبسط‬ • A simplified profit and loss statement is a financial summary that helps a business owner or manager quickly evaluate the company's financial performance. It focuses on key financial components like revenue, costs, and profit. • ‫األداء‬ ‫تقييم‬ ‫في‬ ‫المدير‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫صاحب‬ ‫يساعد‬ ‫مالي‬ ‫ملخص‬ ‫هو‬ ‫والخسارة‬ ‫للربح‬ ‫المبسط‬ ‫البيان‬ ‫بسرعة‬ ‫للشركة‬ ‫المالي‬ . ‫والربح‬ ‫والتكاليف‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫على‬ ‫يركز‬ . • Here is the simplified structure of a Profit and Loss (P&L) statement: • ‫والخسارة‬ ‫الربح‬ ‫لبيان‬ ‫مبسط‬ ‫هيكل‬ ‫إليك‬ : 1. Revenue (Sales) ‫اإليرادات‬ ( ‫المبٌعات‬ ) The total income generated by the business from sales of goods or services. 2. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) ‫المباعة‬ ‫البضاعة‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ( COGS) The direct costs of producing or purchasing the goods that were sold. 3. Gross Profit ‫اإلجمالي‬ ‫الربح‬ Calculated by subtracting COGS from Revenue. ‫اإلٌرادات‬ ‫من‬ ‫المباعة‬ ‫البضاعة‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫بطرح‬ ‫حسابه‬ ‫ٌتم‬ . 17 Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda ‫تابع‬
  • 18.
    Simplified Profit andLoss ‫والخسارة‬ ‫الربح‬ ‫المبسط‬ 4. Operating Expenses ‫التشغيلية‬ ‫المصروفات‬ Includes costs such as rent, utilities, and salaries that are not directly tied to production. 5. Operating Profit ‫التشغيلي‬ ‫الربح‬ Calculated by subtracting operating expenses from gross profit. ‫الربح‬ ‫من‬ ‫التشغٌلٌة‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫بطرح‬ ‫حسابه‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ً‫اإلجمال‬ . 6. Net Profit ‫الصافي‬ ‫الربح‬ The final profit after deducting taxes and any other non-operating expenses. ‫تشغٌلٌة‬ ‫غٌر‬ ‫نفمات‬ ‫وأي‬ ‫الضرائب‬ ‫خصم‬ ‫بعد‬ ً‫النهائ‬ ‫الربح‬ ‫هو‬ . • This simplified version helps focus on key components to understand a business's financial health without complex details. ‫دون‬ ‫لألعمال‬ ‫المالٌة‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫لفهم‬ ‫الرئٌسٌة‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫على‬ ‫التركٌز‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫المبسطة‬ ‫النسخة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تساعد‬ ‫المعمدة‬ ‫التفاصٌل‬ . 18 Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda ‫تابع‬
  • 19.
    Simplified Profit andLoss • Put in another format, the equation looks as follows: Revenue (100%) - Food & Beverage Cost % - Labor Cost % - Overhead Cost % = Profit % Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 19 ‫تابع‬
  • 20.
    Simplified Profit andLoss • Revenue (100%) ‫اإليرادات‬ ( 100 )% • Food & Beverage Cost % ‫والشراب‬ ‫الطعام‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫نسبة‬ • Labor Cost % ‫العمالة‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫نسبة‬ • Overhead Cost % ‫العامة‬ ‫التكاليف‬ ‫نسبة‬ • =Profit % = ‫الربح‬ ‫نسبة‬ • This formula helps calculate the profit percentage by subtracting the costs from total revenue. The result gives the profit as a percentage of total revenue. ‫اإلٌرادات‬ ‫من‬ ‫التكالٌف‬ ‫طرح‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الربح‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫حساب‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الصٌغة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تساعد‬ ‫اإلجمالٌة‬ . ‫اإلجمالٌة‬ ‫اإلٌرادات‬ ‫من‬ ‫مئوٌة‬ ‫كنسبة‬ ‫الربح‬ ً‫تعط‬ ‫النتٌجة‬ . 20 Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda ‫تابع‬
  • 21.
    Understanding the Profitand Loss Statement • The primary purpose of preparing a P&L is to identify revenue, expenses, and profits for a given time period. • Common percentages used in a P&L statement: 2. Labor Cost Revenue = Labor Cost % 3. Overhead Cost Revenue = Overhead Cost % 4. Profit Revenue = Profit % 1. Food and Beverage Cost Revenue = Food and Beverage Cost % Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 21 ‫تابع‬
  • 22.
    Simplified Profit andLoss Statement • Sales ______ 100% • Food Cost 349,725 33% • Labor Cost ______ 29% • Overhead ______ _____ • Profit ______ 7% Prof : Hany & Dr:Ayda 22
  • 23.
    Any Questions 23 Prof: Hany & Dr:Ayda