This document discusses constructing a liquid fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) in Singapore. It begins by providing an overview and context for Singapore's need for alternative energy sources. It then discusses lessons that can be learned from risks involved in offshore oil drilling, such as BP's Deepwater Horizon accident, and how those risks apply to nuclear energy technologies like LFTR. The document outlines two action plans: a research and development committee and a public education exhibition to address social and technological safety concerns surrounding LFTR adoption. It concludes by reiterating the goal of applying offshore drilling risk lessons to inform the construction of an LFTR in Singapore.
Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor Blue Ribbon CommissionRobert Hargraves
Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor presented to
President's Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future 30 Aug 2010
Aim High! Energy cheaper than from coal solves more than just global warming.
The document discusses the special materials used in key components of liquid fluoride thorium reactors (LFTRs) that make them more effective than other nuclear reactors. The heat exchanger uses fiber-reinforced graphite and alloys like tungsten, copper and molybdenum to transfer heat efficiently while withstanding extreme temperatures. Thorium is used as a fuel dissolved in molten fluoride salts, allowing for a faster and more energy-efficient reaction than solid fuels. A freeze plug made of beryllium salts acts as a safety mechanism to drain the molten fuel into an emergency tank below if temperatures rise too high, where neutron absorbers stop the reaction.
The document discusses the thorium fuel cycle as an alternative to uranium. Key points include:
- Thorium is more abundant than uranium and has a closed fuel cycle that breeds efficiently.
- Thorium reactors can have less long-lived waste and possibly safer designs like molten salt.
- Historically some reactors have used thorium including shippingport, KSTR, and MSRE, while future designs may include CANDU, LFTR, or fast reactors.
- Advantages of thorium include greater abundance, less proliferation risk, and favorable nuclear properties.
IMPACT OF THORIUM BASED MOLTEN SALT REACTOR ON THE CLOSURE OF THE NUCLEAR FUE...Safwan Jaradat
The document provides an outline for a study on the impact of thorium-based molten salt reactors on closing the nuclear fuel cycle. It summarizes the objectives to conduct feasibility studies of a small commercial liquid fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) using neutronic calculations in MCNP to determine core design parameters. Initial verification calculations of the FUJI-U3 molten salt reactor model showed comparable results to published values. Subsequent calculations were performed to develop a conceptual design for a small 150MWth LFTR, determining optimal fuel compositions and core configurations.
This document describes a molten salt reactor that uses uranium or thorium fluoride dissolved in fluoride salt as fuel, with a graphite moderator. It has an outlet temperature of 700°C, negative temperature coefficient reactivity, capacity of 1000 MWe, and operates at low pressure below 0.5 MPa. Benefits include efficient heat removal, reduced core size due to less pumping and piping needs, proliferation resistance through low fissile material inventory, waste minimization, and efficient uranium use. Timelines and cost comparisons for molten salt reactors are also mentioned.
Thorium is a radioactive metal that was discovered in 1828 and has a very long half-life of over 1 billion years. While it is fertile and can breed nuclear fuel, it is not easily fissile on its own. Thorium requires a high energy neutron flux to transition it into uranium-233 fuel. Thorium has several advantages over uranium fuel cycles including greater abundance in the earth's crust, producing less radioactive waste, and not being usable for nuclear weapons proliferation. Thorium decay is also thought to be responsible for the earth's internal heat. When used in a molten salt reactor with a fluoride salt carrier, thorium has the potential to provide safe, sustainable, and proliferation-resistant nuclear energy
The document is a presentation on thorium breeder reactors. It outlines the presentation topics which include an overview of breeder reactors, the thorium fuel cycle, comparing alternatives, and the advantages and disadvantages of the thorium fuel cycle. The thorium fuel cycle involves the neutron capture of Th-232 to produce U-233 for fission. Thorium is more abundant than uranium and its fuel cycle produces less radioactive waste. However, converting Th-232 to U-233 requires neutrons from another source and has a low conversion rate, making the fuel cycle less straightforward. While thorium represents a valuable energy alternative, the economics are still unknown and significant research is needed.
Thorium is a naturally occurring silvery white metal that is more common in the Earth's crust than other metals like tin, mercury, and silver. It was discovered in 1828 by Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius and named after the Norse god Thor. Thorium-232 is the most common isotope of thorium and has a half-life of 14 billion years. While thorium has been used in some applications, nuclear experts have become more interested in it as a potential energy source because thorium reactors could produce much more energy per ton than uranium reactors and produce less nuclear waste.
Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor Blue Ribbon CommissionRobert Hargraves
Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor presented to
President's Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future 30 Aug 2010
Aim High! Energy cheaper than from coal solves more than just global warming.
The document discusses the special materials used in key components of liquid fluoride thorium reactors (LFTRs) that make them more effective than other nuclear reactors. The heat exchanger uses fiber-reinforced graphite and alloys like tungsten, copper and molybdenum to transfer heat efficiently while withstanding extreme temperatures. Thorium is used as a fuel dissolved in molten fluoride salts, allowing for a faster and more energy-efficient reaction than solid fuels. A freeze plug made of beryllium salts acts as a safety mechanism to drain the molten fuel into an emergency tank below if temperatures rise too high, where neutron absorbers stop the reaction.
The document discusses the thorium fuel cycle as an alternative to uranium. Key points include:
- Thorium is more abundant than uranium and has a closed fuel cycle that breeds efficiently.
- Thorium reactors can have less long-lived waste and possibly safer designs like molten salt.
- Historically some reactors have used thorium including shippingport, KSTR, and MSRE, while future designs may include CANDU, LFTR, or fast reactors.
- Advantages of thorium include greater abundance, less proliferation risk, and favorable nuclear properties.
IMPACT OF THORIUM BASED MOLTEN SALT REACTOR ON THE CLOSURE OF THE NUCLEAR FUE...Safwan Jaradat
The document provides an outline for a study on the impact of thorium-based molten salt reactors on closing the nuclear fuel cycle. It summarizes the objectives to conduct feasibility studies of a small commercial liquid fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) using neutronic calculations in MCNP to determine core design parameters. Initial verification calculations of the FUJI-U3 molten salt reactor model showed comparable results to published values. Subsequent calculations were performed to develop a conceptual design for a small 150MWth LFTR, determining optimal fuel compositions and core configurations.
This document describes a molten salt reactor that uses uranium or thorium fluoride dissolved in fluoride salt as fuel, with a graphite moderator. It has an outlet temperature of 700°C, negative temperature coefficient reactivity, capacity of 1000 MWe, and operates at low pressure below 0.5 MPa. Benefits include efficient heat removal, reduced core size due to less pumping and piping needs, proliferation resistance through low fissile material inventory, waste minimization, and efficient uranium use. Timelines and cost comparisons for molten salt reactors are also mentioned.
Thorium is a radioactive metal that was discovered in 1828 and has a very long half-life of over 1 billion years. While it is fertile and can breed nuclear fuel, it is not easily fissile on its own. Thorium requires a high energy neutron flux to transition it into uranium-233 fuel. Thorium has several advantages over uranium fuel cycles including greater abundance in the earth's crust, producing less radioactive waste, and not being usable for nuclear weapons proliferation. Thorium decay is also thought to be responsible for the earth's internal heat. When used in a molten salt reactor with a fluoride salt carrier, thorium has the potential to provide safe, sustainable, and proliferation-resistant nuclear energy
The document is a presentation on thorium breeder reactors. It outlines the presentation topics which include an overview of breeder reactors, the thorium fuel cycle, comparing alternatives, and the advantages and disadvantages of the thorium fuel cycle. The thorium fuel cycle involves the neutron capture of Th-232 to produce U-233 for fission. Thorium is more abundant than uranium and its fuel cycle produces less radioactive waste. However, converting Th-232 to U-233 requires neutrons from another source and has a low conversion rate, making the fuel cycle less straightforward. While thorium represents a valuable energy alternative, the economics are still unknown and significant research is needed.
Thorium is a naturally occurring silvery white metal that is more common in the Earth's crust than other metals like tin, mercury, and silver. It was discovered in 1828 by Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius and named after the Norse god Thor. Thorium-232 is the most common isotope of thorium and has a half-life of 14 billion years. While thorium has been used in some applications, nuclear experts have become more interested in it as a potential energy source because thorium reactors could produce much more energy per ton than uranium reactors and produce less nuclear waste.
The document provides an overview of the risk management cycle. It begins with defining risk and providing examples. It then discusses the importance of understanding the business and risk appetite when starting risk management. The document outlines the risk management process, including identifying risks, analyzing them, assessing them, and managing them. It emphasizes that risk management is an ongoing process, not an end goal. Key aspects include inherent safety, prevention and control measures, and communicating about risks.
OpenHydro presented on their tidal energy technology. They discussed developing an open-centre turbine that has only one moving part and can be easily installed on the seabed. OpenHydro has extensively tested their turbines at tidal test sites and connected the first tidal device to the grid. They are now working on multiple commercial projects around the world and believe tidal energy can provide a significant and predictable source of renewable energy.
Toledo Mining provided an investor update in June 2010. It has a large nickel resource base in the Philippines and is focused on downstream processing to add value. The company's Berong Nickel Corporation has a 10Mt JORC resource and is conducting an exploration program to prove up additional resources for future mining and processing operations. Drilling results to date from the Parcel 4 area show zones of nickel mineralization above 1.3% nickel.
Mike Bue is the qualified person under NI43-101 who approved the scientific and technical information in the presentation. The presentation contains forward-looking statements that are based on management's opinions and expectations, but actual outcomes could differ due to various risks and uncertainties. TVI Pacific Inc. is a TSXV-listed Canadian resource company focused on production, development, exploration and acquisition of diversified resource projects in Asia Pacific. It holds a 30.66% interest in TVIRD, a Philippine company seeking to list, which is developing the Agata nickel DSO project in the Philippines and has shipped over 9 million tonnes of nickel ore since 2014.
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an difluoromethane manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up a Phosphoryl Chloride Manufacturing Plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
This document provides an overview of TVI Corporation's assets and strategic objectives. TVI has interests in mining projects in the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, primarily through its affiliate TVI Resource Development (Phils.) Inc. Key assets include the Agata nickel project and Balabag gold project in the Philippines. TVI is also advancing a strategic alliance with Prime Resources Holdings Inc., part of the Villar Group conglomerate in the Philippines. TVI's objectives for 2014 include concluding the final closing of the Villar Group alliance and maximizing shareholder value by increasing its share price and executing TVIRD's business plan focused on advancing projects like the Agata DSO project.
This document discusses industrial safety concepts related to hazards and risks. It defines a hazard as any source that could potentially cause harm or health damage, and lists physical, ergonomic and chemical hazards as common types. Physical hazards include slips, trips, falls, loud noises and vibrations. Ergonomic hazards involve poor lighting, repetitive motion and awkward postures. Chemical hazards listed are carbon monoxide and chlorine gases. The document also covers hazard sign meanings for prohibitions, mandatory actions and warnings, and provides examples of fire safety signs and signs for high voltage and fire hazards. It concludes that risk is a situation where someone could be harmed if exposed to a dangerous hazard.
The document outlines the planning and objectives for a project on offshore oil and gas extraction. It includes:
1) The aims of gaining an in-depth understanding of the offshore oil industry, exploring safety measures, environmental impacts, and the future of the industry.
2) Objectives and timelines for researching topics like drilling types, shallow vs deep water drilling, environmental effects, and technological advancements.
3) Methods of research will include information from oil companies, government reports, academic journals, and industry contacts.
4) The development stage report will present findings on topics like the history of offshore drilling, types of drilling, environmental impacts of spills, and safety improvements.
The document describes a study on treating wastewater from the match box industry using the solar photo-Fenton process. The initial characteristics of the untreated wastewater are provided. Experiments were conducted in a 7-liter solar photo-Fenton reactor to evaluate the effect of different operating parameters such as pH, iron concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and liquid depth on the removal of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the wastewater. Under optimal conditions of pH 5, 1g/L iron concentration and 35mL/L hydrogen peroxide concentration, the maximum COD removal efficiency was 94% and color removal was 100% after one hour of irradiation. The solar photo-Fenton process was found to
Tvi investor presentation february 2015TVI_Pacific
Mike Bue is the qualified person who approved the technical information in the presentation. The presentation contains forward-looking statements regarding opportunities at Agata and Pan de Azucar, but these opportunities are subject to risks including changes in the projects or inability to fund expenditures. TVI holds a 30.66% interest in TVIRD, a Philippine resource company focused on nickel laterite operations, a proposed nickel processing plant, and advancing gold-silver and agribusiness projects.
Tvi investor presentation february 2015TVI_Pacific
Mike Bue is the qualified person who approved the technical information in the presentation. The presentation contains forward-looking statements regarding opportunities at Agata and Pan de Azucar projects, which are subject to risks including results of further work not supporting expectations or TVIRD not funding necessary expenditures. TVI holds a 30.66% interest in TVIRD, a Philippine resource company developing nickel, gold, and limestone projects, as well as agribusiness. TVIRD plans to list on the Philippine Stock Exchange to provide a valuation of TVI's interest.
Tvi investor presentation february 2015TVI_Pacific
Mike Bue is the qualified person who approved the technical information in the presentation. The presentation contains forward-looking statements regarding opportunities at Agata and Pan de Azucar, but these opportunities are subject to risks including changes in the projects or laws that could affect their economic viability. TVI holds a 30.66% interest in TVIRD, a Philippine resource company focused on nickel, gold, and agribusiness projects, and plans to increase its interest when TVIRD lists on the Philippine Stock Exchange.
Mike Bue, a qualified person under NI43-101, approved the technical information in the presentation. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those related to project opportunities at Agata and Pan de Azucar not supporting expectations. TVI focuses on acquiring projects that can generate early revenues through modest initial investments and self-finance growth. TVI holds a 30.66% interest in TVIRD, a Philippine company advancing nickel, gold and limestone projects, and pursuing an IPO to provide a valuation of TVI's investment.
Mike Bue, a qualified person under NI43-101, approved the technical information in the presentation. The presentation contains forward-looking statements regarding opportunities at Agata and Pan de Azucar projects, which are subject to risks including work not supporting expectations or TVIRD not funding necessary expenditures. TVI is a Canadian resource company focused on developing diversified resource projects in Asia-Pacific, with a history of success at its Canatuan gold-silver/copper-zinc mine in the Philippines.
Mike Bue, a qualified person under NI43-101, approved the technical information in the presentation. Certain statements in the presentation dealing with future opportunities are forward-looking and actual results may differ. Risks include results of further work not supporting expectations, TVIRD not funding necessary expenditures, and technical or economic reasons preventing projects from proceeding. The presentation provides an overview of TVI Pacific Inc., its strategy of acquiring low-cost development opportunities in Asia-Pacific, and its key investments including a 30.66% stake in TVIRD, a Philippine resource company advancing nickel, gold and agribusiness projects.
The document provides an overview of the risk management cycle. It begins with defining risk and providing examples. It then discusses the importance of understanding the business and risk appetite when starting risk management. The document outlines the risk management process, including identifying risks, analyzing them, assessing them, and managing them. It emphasizes that risk management is an ongoing process, not an end goal. Key aspects include inherent safety, prevention and control measures, and communicating about risks.
OpenHydro presented on their tidal energy technology. They discussed developing an open-centre turbine that has only one moving part and can be easily installed on the seabed. OpenHydro has extensively tested their turbines at tidal test sites and connected the first tidal device to the grid. They are now working on multiple commercial projects around the world and believe tidal energy can provide a significant and predictable source of renewable energy.
Toledo Mining provided an investor update in June 2010. It has a large nickel resource base in the Philippines and is focused on downstream processing to add value. The company's Berong Nickel Corporation has a 10Mt JORC resource and is conducting an exploration program to prove up additional resources for future mining and processing operations. Drilling results to date from the Parcel 4 area show zones of nickel mineralization above 1.3% nickel.
Mike Bue is the qualified person under NI43-101 who approved the scientific and technical information in the presentation. The presentation contains forward-looking statements that are based on management's opinions and expectations, but actual outcomes could differ due to various risks and uncertainties. TVI Pacific Inc. is a TSXV-listed Canadian resource company focused on production, development, exploration and acquisition of diversified resource projects in Asia Pacific. It holds a 30.66% interest in TVIRD, a Philippine company seeking to list, which is developing the Agata nickel DSO project in the Philippines and has shipped over 9 million tonnes of nickel ore since 2014.
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an difluoromethane manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up a Phosphoryl Chloride Manufacturing Plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
This document provides an overview of TVI Corporation's assets and strategic objectives. TVI has interests in mining projects in the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, primarily through its affiliate TVI Resource Development (Phils.) Inc. Key assets include the Agata nickel project and Balabag gold project in the Philippines. TVI is also advancing a strategic alliance with Prime Resources Holdings Inc., part of the Villar Group conglomerate in the Philippines. TVI's objectives for 2014 include concluding the final closing of the Villar Group alliance and maximizing shareholder value by increasing its share price and executing TVIRD's business plan focused on advancing projects like the Agata DSO project.
This document discusses industrial safety concepts related to hazards and risks. It defines a hazard as any source that could potentially cause harm or health damage, and lists physical, ergonomic and chemical hazards as common types. Physical hazards include slips, trips, falls, loud noises and vibrations. Ergonomic hazards involve poor lighting, repetitive motion and awkward postures. Chemical hazards listed are carbon monoxide and chlorine gases. The document also covers hazard sign meanings for prohibitions, mandatory actions and warnings, and provides examples of fire safety signs and signs for high voltage and fire hazards. It concludes that risk is a situation where someone could be harmed if exposed to a dangerous hazard.
The document outlines the planning and objectives for a project on offshore oil and gas extraction. It includes:
1) The aims of gaining an in-depth understanding of the offshore oil industry, exploring safety measures, environmental impacts, and the future of the industry.
2) Objectives and timelines for researching topics like drilling types, shallow vs deep water drilling, environmental effects, and technological advancements.
3) Methods of research will include information from oil companies, government reports, academic journals, and industry contacts.
4) The development stage report will present findings on topics like the history of offshore drilling, types of drilling, environmental impacts of spills, and safety improvements.
The document describes a study on treating wastewater from the match box industry using the solar photo-Fenton process. The initial characteristics of the untreated wastewater are provided. Experiments were conducted in a 7-liter solar photo-Fenton reactor to evaluate the effect of different operating parameters such as pH, iron concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and liquid depth on the removal of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the wastewater. Under optimal conditions of pH 5, 1g/L iron concentration and 35mL/L hydrogen peroxide concentration, the maximum COD removal efficiency was 94% and color removal was 100% after one hour of irradiation. The solar photo-Fenton process was found to
Tvi investor presentation february 2015TVI_Pacific
Mike Bue is the qualified person who approved the technical information in the presentation. The presentation contains forward-looking statements regarding opportunities at Agata and Pan de Azucar, but these opportunities are subject to risks including changes in the projects or inability to fund expenditures. TVI holds a 30.66% interest in TVIRD, a Philippine resource company focused on nickel laterite operations, a proposed nickel processing plant, and advancing gold-silver and agribusiness projects.
Tvi investor presentation february 2015TVI_Pacific
Mike Bue is the qualified person who approved the technical information in the presentation. The presentation contains forward-looking statements regarding opportunities at Agata and Pan de Azucar projects, which are subject to risks including results of further work not supporting expectations or TVIRD not funding necessary expenditures. TVI holds a 30.66% interest in TVIRD, a Philippine resource company developing nickel, gold, and limestone projects, as well as agribusiness. TVIRD plans to list on the Philippine Stock Exchange to provide a valuation of TVI's interest.
Tvi investor presentation february 2015TVI_Pacific
Mike Bue is the qualified person who approved the technical information in the presentation. The presentation contains forward-looking statements regarding opportunities at Agata and Pan de Azucar, but these opportunities are subject to risks including changes in the projects or laws that could affect their economic viability. TVI holds a 30.66% interest in TVIRD, a Philippine resource company focused on nickel, gold, and agribusiness projects, and plans to increase its interest when TVIRD lists on the Philippine Stock Exchange.
Mike Bue, a qualified person under NI43-101, approved the technical information in the presentation. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those related to project opportunities at Agata and Pan de Azucar not supporting expectations. TVI focuses on acquiring projects that can generate early revenues through modest initial investments and self-finance growth. TVI holds a 30.66% interest in TVIRD, a Philippine company advancing nickel, gold and limestone projects, and pursuing an IPO to provide a valuation of TVI's investment.
Mike Bue, a qualified person under NI43-101, approved the technical information in the presentation. The presentation contains forward-looking statements regarding opportunities at Agata and Pan de Azucar projects, which are subject to risks including work not supporting expectations or TVIRD not funding necessary expenditures. TVI is a Canadian resource company focused on developing diversified resource projects in Asia-Pacific, with a history of success at its Canatuan gold-silver/copper-zinc mine in the Philippines.
Mike Bue, a qualified person under NI43-101, approved the technical information in the presentation. Certain statements in the presentation dealing with future opportunities are forward-looking and actual results may differ. Risks include results of further work not supporting expectations, TVIRD not funding necessary expenditures, and technical or economic reasons preventing projects from proceeding. The presentation provides an overview of TVI Pacific Inc., its strategy of acquiring low-cost development opportunities in Asia-Pacific, and its key investments including a 30.66% stake in TVIRD, a Philippine resource company advancing nickel, gold and agribusiness projects.
1. Have No Fear; Thorium is Here
Applying risks involved in Offshore Oil Drilling to
constructing a Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor in
Singapore
Project Work CJ066
de Silva Christine Anne, Melinda Tai
Urmila Baskaran, Danial Adam Leong
2. Have No Fear; Thorium is Here
1. Overview. 2. Offshore Oil Drilling. 3. Liquid Fluoride
Thorium Reactor. 4. Primary Research. 5. Action Plan 1.
6. Action Plan 2. 7. Conclusion.
8. OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING
OFFSHORE OIL An Overview
DRILLING
Have No Fear; Thorium is Here
Applying risks involved and lessons learnt in BP GLOBAL’s
Offshore Oil Drilling to constructing a Liquid Fluoride
Thorium Reactor in Singapore
9. OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING
OFFSHORE OIL An Overview
DRILLING
Have No Fear; Thorium is Here
Applying risks involved and lessons learnt in BP Global’s
OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING to constructing a Liquid Fluoride
Thorium Reactor in Singapore
10. OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING
OFFSHORE OILRisks Involved
DRILLING
Have No Fear; Thorium is Here
Applying RISKS INVOLVED and lessons learnt in BP Global’s
offshore oil drilling to constructing a Liquid Fluoride
Thorium Reactor in Singapore
14. OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING
OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING
An application of the Risks
Overview
Overview
Deepwater
Horizon
Accident
Aftermath
Aftermath
BP’s of
of
response Accident
Accident
15. OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING
Lessons Learnt from the accident
Have No Fear; Thorium is Here
Applying risks involved and LESSONS LEARNT in BP Global’s
Offshore Oil Drilling to constructing a Liquid Fluoride
Thorium Reactor in Singapore
Social Aspect
Technological Aspect
17. LIQUID FLUORIDE THORIUM REACTOR
LIQUID FLUORIDE THORIUM An Overview
REACTOR
Have No Fear; Thorium is Here
Applying risks involved and lessons learnt in BP Global’s
Offshore Oil Drilling to constructing a LIQUID FLUORIDE
THORIUM REACTOR in Singapore
18. LIQUID FLUORIDE THORIUM REACTOR
Risks Involved and the Need to take the Risk
There is certainly a social stigma
Have Nowith Nuclear Energy as there
Fear; Thorium is Here
associatedINVOLVED and lessons learnt in BP Global’s
Applying RISKS
have beendrilling to constructing a Liquid Fluoride
offshore oil accidents like the Fukushima
Accident and Reactor in Singapore
Thorium Chernobyl Accident.
― Dr Julian Kelly from World Nuclear Association (WNA)
The Technological
The Social Aspect
Safety Aspect
Aspect
19. 1. Overview. 2. Offshore Oil Drilling. 3. Liquid Fluoride
Thorium Reactor. 4. Primary Research. 5. Action Plan 1.
6. Action Plan 2. 7. Conclusion.
4. PRIMARY RESEARCH
25. ACTION PLAN 1
Research and Development Committee
1. Goals. 2.Details. 3.Evaluation.
26. 1. Overview. 2. Offshore Oil Drilling. 3. Liquid Fluoride
Thorium Reactor. 4. Primary Research. 5. Action Plan 1.
6. Action Plan 2. 7. Conclusion.
6. ACTION PLAN 2
27. ACTION PLAN 2
Public Education
1. Goals. 2.Details. 3.Evaluation.
28. ACTION PLAN 2
Public Education
1. Goals. 2.Details. 3.Evaluation.
29. ACTION PLAN 2
The Details – Pre-Exhibition Survey
No concerns
0%
Having read the brief
Land
introduction regarding Constraints
LFTR, what should you Social Unrest 18%
be most concerned with 24%
regards to the adoption
of such a technology? Inadequate
technology
25%
Safety
33%
30. ACTION PLAN 2
The Details: Pre-Exhibition Survey
Newspaper
Advertisements
What mode of 7%
dissemination of
Forum
information would 10% Youtube Videos
you prefer? 8%
Exhibition
50%
Website
25%
34. ACTION PLAN 2
The Details – Prototype of the proposed idea
After the
exhibition you
No
attended 26%
today, do you
have a better
Yes
idea of what 74%
the LFTR is
about?
ChristineGood morning teachers and friends. We are group CJ 066. I’m Christine, and this is Melinda, Danial, and Urmila. It is with pleasure and excitement that we would like to tell you more about our project today.
ChristineFirst up, I’ll be introducing our project and we will take a closer look at our case study on offshore oil drilling.Melinda will speak on this as well and then at Singapore, regarding the construction of the Liquid Fluroide Thorium Reactor, more commonly referred to as the LFTR. . Then, Danial will speak about the primary research we conducted and our first action plan. Last but not least, Urmila will talk about the second action plan and she will also end off with some of our insights and concluding remarks.
ChristineAllow me to begin by giving you an overview of our project.Our group has chosen the risk of anLFTR, in Singapore as our area of focus; specifically, the technological, safety and social risks it entails. BP Global’s offshore oil drilling was our case study, for reasons which we’ll explain later. We looked at measures BP had taken to minimize the risks involved and then, considered the application of these approaches to Singapore such that a successful outcome may be achieved.
ChristineWithout further ado, let’s begin our introduction.There are 4 main questions that we want to answer: One, why is there a need for alternative sources of energy? Two, why other forms of energy aren’t feasible? Three, why have we chosen the LFTR above all choices? Four, why we chose BP Global as our case study?
CHANGE THAI FLAG TO INDO FLAG.
ChristineJust like how every technology comes with risks and issues, this too has its own. Society might retaliate to the thought of having nuclear power in Singapore due to fear instilled from past accidents. The inadequate technology might not equip us with the necessary knowledge to encounter possible problems and to keep the LFTR as safe as possible. To better analyse these aforementioned risks, we analysed BP Global’s Offshore Oil Drilling which is a similar project which also faced social and technological issues.Slides 1 – 6 (Overview and Introduction): 2.5 minutes
ChristineNow, let’s take a closer look at our case study on BP Global’s Offshore Oil Drilling.
ChristineBP Global is a multinational company with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. It searches for oil and natural gas and extracts them from almost inaccessible places, such as the ocean floors of the Gulf of Mexico. The company processes these materials and sells it mainly as fuels.
ChristineOne of their ways of ensuring energy sustainability in the world is via offshore oil drilling which is the extraction of oil from the seabed and converting it into energy. As can be seen from the illustration here* this is how oil is drawn from the seabed.
ChristineTo suit the scope of the project, we identified 2 of their main risks involved in offshore oil drilling. This would include the safety and technological risk, and a social risk.
ChristineThe first risk is the safety and technological risk. The nature of the drilling process involves pressure build-ups within pipes. Also, mishandling or failure of the equipment would result in explosions which harms both human and marine life.The other risk would be the social risk. Locals might retaliate to the act of offshore oil drilling carried out by BP Global. Photo from Los Angeles:A protester shouts slogans in front of an ARCO station owned by BP. [CIVILIANS] http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1993919,00.html#ixzz1bkFqUtP1Photo from London Greenpeace activists scaled BP's offices in London and placed this banner on a flagpole in front of the building. [ORGNIASATIONS]http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1993919,00.html#ixzz1bkGp0MbV
ChristineThe first risk is the safety and technological risk. The nature of the drilling process involves pressure build-ups within pipes. Also, mishandling or failure of the equipment would result in explosions which harms both human and marine life.The other risk would be the social risk. Locals might retaliate to the act of offshore oil drilling carried out by BP Global. Photo from Los Angeles:A protester shouts slogans in front of an ARCO station owned by BP. [CIVILIANS] http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1993919,00.html#ixzz1bkFqUtP1Photo from London Greenpeace activists scaled BP's offices in London and placed this banner on a flagpole in front of the building. [ORGNIASATIONS]http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1993919,00.html#ixzz1bkGp0MbV
ChristineHowever, oil accounts for 37.1% of US’s energy needs. * With political disputes that may arise anytime, there is a need to create independence with energy resources. * And with the large oil deposits located around US, why let it go to waste when it can be used to power American’s energy needs. As the positive impacts outweigh the drawbacks, offshore oil drilling has been deemed necessarySLIDES 7-12 : 2 minutes
MELINDAThank you, Christine. I’m Melinda, and let me tell you about an accident involving BP Global’s offshore oil drilling, which led to several devastating impacts. * The Deepwater Horizon was an oil-rig located in the Gulf of Mexico owned by BP Global. On 20th of April just last year, an explosion at the oil rig resulted in a fire that burned for 36 hours before the rig sank. Gallons of oil leaked into the gulf for 87 days before the well was sealed. As a result of the accident, there were 11 deaths on top of the many casualties. Marine life was also badly affected as the oil spill caused pollution. The accident sparked protests from Americans and activists. They asked for such practices to be ceased. Consequently, BP recognized its need to implement measures to counter the problems faced. We identified two approaches that BP undertook to be grouped under the safety and technological aspect and social aspect.20th April Gulf of Mexico 11 deaths Marine life died Social ProtestsMeasures Safety Technological Constant Research Regular checks Reduce the risk Social Civilians Greenpeace
MELINDAFirstly, under the technological aspect, BP realised that through constant research, they can upgrade the existing facilities to increase the level of safety of the oil rig. Constant checks have to be done on the reactor to ensure that the safety devices are in working conditions and the risk of an accident is kept at a minimal level. It was the failure of this equipment, *(point at picture of the blowout preventer), known as the blowout-preventer, which caused the accident.At a social level, there was also opposition from the public, which included civilians and the organisations like Greenpeace. The most effective way to overcome this is via public education which would inform the public of how they have tried to make offshore oil drilling a relatively safe project and tell them about its advantages.
MELINDANext, let’s take a closer look at Singapore. Earlier, we claimed that there is a growing need for energy in Singapore, and so we’ll now go on how an LFTR can solve this issue.
ADD PICTURE OF MAP WITH ABUNDANCE OF THORIUM (ask mel for it)
MELINDAThe risks involved are alike to what was looked into earlier in Offshore Oil Drilling. Due to the inadequate knowledge about the LFTR, any technological glitch in the reactor could be mishandled, posing a safety hazard. Other safety hazards also include the possibility of a radiation leak resulting from dangerous disposal of waste which may endanger the lives of many. In addition, there is a social risk that is caused by the social stigma that nuclear energy is unsafe. TO further justify the existence of a social stigma, we had an email correspondence with Dr Julian Kelly from WNA who agreed to the presence of a social stigma.These risks have become necessary for Singapore today. As Christine mentioned in the overview, we feel that Nuclear Energy is best alternative to meet Singapore’s energy needs and diversify our resources.
Thank you, Melinda. I’m Danial, and I will now continue with our explanation of what we did in our primary research. Later, I’ll also touch on the first action plan, about the formation of a research and development committee.Let me explain what my group has done for our primary research. To derive strategies for Singapore to adopt in the use of LFTR technology, our group has decided to conduct the following primary research to find out more of the public’s perception of nuclear energy.
Our group carried out an online survey using SurveyMonkey, based on 52 respondents of various ages to see how the public feels about the construction of the LFTR in Singapore and their concerns about it. We will deal with these concerns in the social campaign to be mentioned later on in our strategies, as we believe that once they are addressed through public education, the masses would most likely be supportive of the LFTR’s construction.In addition to that, we conducted an email interview using Gmail with Dr Julian Kelly from the World Nuclear Association to confirm our predictions that there was a social stigma attached to any form of nuclear energy and through his guidance, we also gained a deeper insight into the working mechanisms of the LFTR which would then guide us in our strategies.
On to our very first action plan!As in the case study, where research and development was used to minimise the technological and safety risk, we propose that the Economics Strategies Committee, who is in-charge of setting up and running of the LFTR, set up a committee to R&D various aspects of the LFTR.
Our group proposes a Research and Development Committee be formed. This committee aims to gain more knowledge of LFTR and develop better measures and equipment to improve the safety of the reactor.
As Singapore may lack these local researchers and engineers who have the required expertise, the Economies Strategies Committee may need to source for and thereafter, hire experts from foreign companies to sit in the committees, or to serve as consultants. They can also be involved in training of local researchers and engineers and hence the transfer of expertise can take place. The agency in Singapore, A*STAR which has expertise and a proven track record in attracting Nobel Laureates to Singapore to engage in research could be tasked to scout for and recruit talented scientists in LFTR.
Thank you, Danial. I’m Urmila, and I will now continue with our explanation of the second action plan and also end this presentation by sharing a few of our insights and a few concluding remarks.As in the case study, where an apology campaign was initiated to minimise the social risk, we propose that the Economics Strategies Committee, who is in-charge of setting up and running of the LFTR, set up a committee to R&D various aspects of the LFTR initiates a public education campaign.
Singapore is our home and your happiness is our happiness. Addressing your priorities is our main concern. Social protests come about when people are unable to address their concerns which could be due to imperfect information or other reasons. Through public education, we hope to address the concerns of Singaporeans and in turn, gain their support.
Firstly, to ensure that we more effectively reach our aim of increasing social support, we conducted a survey to find out what are the main concerns of Singaporeans with regards to nuclear technology. As seen from the pie chart, safety inadequacy of technology and social unrest were the 3 aspects Singaporeans were most concerned about. This helped us tailor our exhibition to overcoming these concerns and thus gaining support.
We then asked about how they would want information to be disemminated. Among the listed options, exhbitions and website were the most favourable options. Thus, we set up an exhbition and website to help explain how the organisation would have adequate knowledge to tackle future problems that arises in the LFTR, how any social unrest would be responded to and how the safety of employees, civilians and marine life will be taken care of. By doing this, we are able to achieve our main aim of addressing the needs of Singaporeans and thus gaining their support.
Publicity: Pamphlet were distributed in crowded places. Christine is now handing out a few copies of the pamphlet. As you can see from the pamphlet and the picture, the words had been translated in the 4 main languages of Singapore to ensure that it reaches out to people from all backgrounds. An event was created on Facebook to publicize the event. INSERT PHOTO OF S’PORE MAP WITH 5 STARs AT N, S, E, W, C. Location:To ensure that Singaporeans living in all parts of Singapore are able to access the exhibition, there will be one held in each shopping centre in the Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western parts of Singapore. The fifth and final one will be held in the Central at Suntec Convention Centre. An added feature at this exhbition would be a dialogue session with Mr TharmanShanmugarathnam and energy experts from the World Nuclear Assocation. Attendees would be allowed to ask questions to these panel of expertise and get their queries and concerns clarified. Should one not be able to attend these exhbitions, they could email their questions to support@lftr.org.sg.
Publicity: Pamphlet were distributed in crowded places. Christine is now handing out a few copies of the pamphlet. As you can see from the pamphlet and the picture, the words had been translated in the 4 main languages of Singapore to ensure that it reaches out to people from all backgrounds. An event was created on Facebook to publicize the event. INSERT PHOTO OF S’PORE MAP WITH 5 STARs AT N, S, E, W, C. Location:To ensure that Singaporeans living in all parts of Singapore are able to access the exhibition, there will be one held in each shopping centre in the Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western parts of Singapore. The fifth and final one will be held in the Central at Suntec Convention Centre. An added feature at this exhbition would be a dialogue session with Mr TharmanShanmugarathnam and energy experts from the World Nuclear Assocation. Attendees would be allowed to ask questions to these panel of expertise and get their queries and concerns clarified. Should one not be able to attend these exhbitions, they could email their questions to support@lftr.org.sg.
Publicity: Pamphlet were distributed in crowded places. Christine is now handing out a few copies of the pamphlet. As you can see from the pamphlet and the picture, the words had been translated in the 4 main languages of Singapore to ensure that it reaches out to people from all backgrounds. An event was created on Facebook to publicize the event. INSERT PHOTO OF S’PORE MAP WITH 5 STARs AT N, S, E, W, C. Location:To ensure that Singaporeans living in all parts of Singapore are able to access the exhibition, there will be one held in each shopping centre in the Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western parts of Singapore. The fifth and final one will be held in the Central at Suntec Convention Centre. An added feature at this exhbition would be a dialogue session with Mr TharmanShanmugarathnam and energy experts from the World Nuclear Assocation. Attendees would be allowed to ask questions to these panel of expertise and get their queries and concerns clarified. Should one not be able to attend these exhbitions, they could email their questions to support@lftr.org.sg.
To assess the effectiveness of this exhibition, we conducted a prototype of it in CJC on the 12th of September and conducted a post-exhibition survey. I now ask you to look at this exhibit which was built based on the picture here. I’ll briefly mention what this represents. This is the internal-processes of the reactor. As Melinda mentioned earlier, the nuclear reaction takes place in this main reactor with gases pumped in from these two gas chambers. The heat produced from this nuclear reaction then powers the turbines which then produces electricity. This is the safety device, freeze plug which would melt down during excess heat and this is the waste heat consumer which stores waste. From the post-exhibit we found out that 74% of the attendees found it effective in gaining a better insight into the exhibits.