If you are running the elastic search clusters on the GCE, then we need to take a look at the Capacity planning, OS level and Elasticsearch level optimization. I have presented this at GDG Delhi on Feb 22,2020.

1. ElasticSearch On
Compute Engine

2. Best practices for
Elasticsearch in GCE

3. 12+ Year Cloud Journey with Google

5. Who am I?
Searce – Bangalore
Linkedin.com/rbhuvanesh
Twitter.com/@BhuviTheDataGuy
Medium.com/@BhuviTheDataGuy
https://TheDataGuy.in
Bhuvanesh
Database Architect
Searce

6. Agenda
Short into about GCE
ElasticSearch Terms
Capacity Planning & Architecture
Best Practices for Production Grade ES Cluster

7. Compute Engine
Compute Engine delivers configurable virtual machines running in Google’s data centers with access to high-performance
networking infrastructure and block storage.
Live migration for VMs
Compute Engine virtual machines can live-migrate between host systems without
rebooting, which keeps your applications running even when host systems require
maintenance.
Preemptible VMs
Run batch jobs and fault-tolerant workloads on preemptible VMs to reduce your vCPU
and memory costs by up to 80% while still getting the same performance and capabilities
as regular VMs.
Sole-tenant nodes
Sole-tenant nodes are physical Compute Engine servers dedicated exclusively for your
use. Sole-tenant nodes simplify deployment for bring your own license (BYOL)
applications. Sole-tenant nodes give you access to the same machine types and VM
configuration options as regular compute instances.

8. What is Elastic Search?
• First release 2010
• Open Source search and analytical engine
• Elasticsearch is the central component of the Elastic Stack
• Distributed processing
• Works with all types of data (textual, numerical, geospatial, structured, and unstructured)
• Powerful REST API
• And everything is indexed

9. Where can we use
Elastic Search?

10. Where can we use ES?

11. Use cases
• Logging and log analytics
• Infrastructure metrics and container monitoring
• Application performance monitoring
• Geospatial data analysis and visualization
• Security analytics
• Enterprise search
• Website search
• And more….

12. Elastic Stack

13. ES Terms
Master Node:
• Master Node controls the Cluster.
• Responsible for maintaining the metadata about the cluster.
• Decide where to move the data and relocating the data.
• We can have multiple nodes for Master role.
• But Elasticsearch will select any one of the node as an elastic master.
• In the event of failure, a new elastic master will be selected from the available nodes.

14. ES Terms
Data Node
• All of your is stored here.
• Responsible for managing the stored data.
• Perform the operations when it queried.
Ingest Node
• Pre-process’s documents before the actual document indexing.
• The ingest node intercepts bulk and index requests, applies transformations, and it then passes the
documents back to the index or bulk APIs.

15. ES Index

16. ES Index

17. Design For Failure

18. Capacity Planning

19. Memory
Elastic Search will use the memory in 2 ways.
1. Java Heap
2. Other processes
“More memory – More time on
Garbage collection”

20. CPU
Don’t choose the CPU
core based on some
random calculations.

21. DISK
• Standard Persistent Disk
• SSD Persistent Disk
• Local SSD
1 GB SSD disk = 30iops

22. Disk Cont…

23. Disk Cont…

24. Disk Cont…

25. Disk Cont…

26. Disk Cont…

27. Network
From GCP Docs,
The egress traffic from a given VM instance is subject to maximum network egress throughput caps. These
caps are dependent on the number of vCPUs that the VM instance has. Each vCPU is subject to a 2 Gbps
cap for peak performance. Each additional vCPU increases the network cap, up to a theoretical maximum of
32 Gbps for each instance. The actual performance you experience will vary depending on your workload.
All caps are meant as maximum possible performance, and not sustained performance.

28. How to identify the right VM size?
1. Simulate your workload and do the load test.
2. Or use Rally(https://github.com/elastic/rally)

29. Swapping
• Memory based operations are super fast. But we can’t give a tons of memory to the server.
• The OS will swap out the unused applications memory.
• That’s bad for the performance.
Prevent Swapping
1. From OS Level(temporarily) - sudo swapoff –a
2. Configure swappiness from the Kernal - vm.swappiness=1
3. Enable bootstrap-memory_lock - bootstrap.memory_lock: true

30. JVM Heap
• By default, Elasticsearch tells the JVM to use a heap with a minimum and maximum size of 1 GB.
• When moving to production, it is important to configure heap size to ensure that Elasticsearch has
enough heap available.
• Set the Heap size <50% of your total Memory
“The more heap available to Elasticsearch, the more memory it can use for its
internal caches, larger heaps can cause longer garbage collection pauses” –
From Elastic

31. ulimit
Ulimit is the number of open file descriptors per process.
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
elasticsearch - nofile 65535
--For Ubuntu
vi /etc/pam.d/su
session required pam_limits.so
--For systemd
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
sudo systemctl daemon-reload

32. MMAP
Elasticsearch uses a mmapfs directory by default to store its indices
sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144
/etc/sysctl.conf
vm.max_map_count = 262144

33. Some common questions while
setting up the Elastic
Search Cluster

34. CPU Platform

35. Operating System & File System
• Windows
• Debian
• Ubuntu
• CentOS
• RedHat
• Windows - NTFS
• Linux – Ext4 (if you have less than 1TB Data), XFS for >1TB data

36. Some parameters for a generic workload
indices.memory.index_buffer_size: 40%
indices.query.cache.enabled: false
thread_pool.bulk.queue_size: 3000
thread_pool.index.queue_size: 3000
store.throttle.type: 'none'
index.refresh_interval: "1m"

37. SSD vs Local SSD
Persistent SSD Local SSD

38. Local SSD
• Max size of one Local SSD disk = 375 GB
• You can add up to 8 Local SSD/Instance (3TB)
• You can’t reboot/stop the VM
• In case of the maintenance – Replace the node

39. How many nodes
• Master – 3 nodes
• Ingest – 2 nodes
• Data – 2-3 nodes (for a fresh setup)

40. Rally for the benchmark tests
What is Rally?
You want to benchmark Elasticsearch? Then Rally is for you. It can help you with the following tasks:
• Setup and teardown of an Elasticsearch cluster for benchmarking
• Management of benchmark data and specifications even across Elasticsearch versions
• Running benchmarks and recording results
• Finding performance problems by attaching so-called telemetry devices
• Comparing performance results
pip3 install esrally

41. How to run the esrally
esrally --track=nyc_taxis
--target-hosts=10.20.4.157:9200
--pipeline=benchmark-only
--challenge=append-no-conflicts-index-only
--on-error=continue
--report-format=markdown
--report-file=/opt/report.md

42. Esrally cont…

43. Some use cases with ES

44. Use cases cont…

45. Thank YouThank You