The document describes using R to analyze OpenStreetMap data for Asheville, North Carolina. It extracts different types of map features like streets and waterways from OSM and plots them on a map. Functions from libraries like osmdata, ggplot, and ggmap are used to retrieve the data, separate it by type, and overlay the features on a map of Asheville. The code generates a labeled map showing streets, rivers, and railroads to demonstrate visualizing OpenStreetMap data in R.