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Open	Data	的發展與應⽤
鄧東波	
dongpo@iis.sinica.edu.tw	
中央研究院資訊科學研究所
資料	
Data
60秒多少資料被⽣產了
Courtesy from http://www.businessinsider.com/incredible-things-that-happen-every-60-seconds-on-the-internet-2011-12
資料是新⽯油	
data	is	the	new	oil
0100110101010011
1010100010101010
1010101001101010
1001110101000101
0101010101010011
0101010011101010
0010101010101010
0111010100010101
0101010100111010
1000101010101010
1001110101000101
0101010101
01001101010100111010100010101
01010101010011010101001110101
00010101010101010100110101010
01110101000101010101010100111
01010001010101010101001110101
00010101010101010011101010001
01010101010110100110101010011
10101000101010101010101001101
01010011101010001010101010101
00111010100010101010101010011
10101000101010101010100111010
10001010101010101101001101010
10011101010001010101010101010
01101010100111010100010101010
10101001110101000101010101010
10011101010001010101010101001
11010100010101010101011101010
10011101010001010101010101010
01101010100111010100010101010
10101001110101000101010101010
10011101010001010101010101001
11010100010101010101011010011
01010100111010100010101010101
01010011010101001110101000101
01010101010011101010001010101
01010100111010100010101010101
01001110101000101010101010110
10011010101001110101000101010
10101010100110101010011101010
00101010101010100111010100010
10101010101001110101000101010
10101010011101010001010101010
10100010101010101010011101010
00101010101010100111010100010
10101010101001110101000101010
10101011010011010101001110101
00010101010101010100110101010
01110101000101010101010100111
01010001010101010101001110101
00010101010101010011101010001
01010101010110100110101010011
10101000101010101010101001101
01010011101010001010101010101
00111010100010101010101010011
10101000101010101010100111010
10001010101010101
Courtesy from http://www.multivu.com/assets/58095/documents/Data-is-the-new-oil-Infographic-original.pdf
解讀資料才有價值
資訊	
Information
知識	
Knowledge
智慧	
Intelligence
資料	
Data
資料是有價值的資源,如同⽯油要經過精煉後才能成
為汽油,資料往往也需要經解讀、過濾或適當的處理
後,才會顯⽰出價值。
2014年6⽉22
⽇中午12:00在
澎湖的紫外線
指數為11
紫外線指數11
是過量級	(超
過8)
這⼀天到澎湖進
⾏⼾外活動,⼀
定要準備防曬油、
太陽眼鏡....
減少⼾外活動時
間,以免曬陽並
提⾼⽪膚癌發⽣
風險
可以被挖礦/擷取資
料的是資訊
可以被儲存或組織的
資訊是知識
可以被分享資訊的是
知識
可以被利⽤知識的是
智慧
可以被觀察或記錄出
的現象是資料
資料、資訊、知識、智慧
收集個⼈地理資訊改善路況報導	
(Google	Map	TrafGic)
為什麼這些地⽅塞⾞︖
Google	收集Android⼿
機⽤⼾的位置資訊來改
善交通狀況
Waze:	群眾外包報路況
結合群眾外包的⼒量
收集關鍵詞預測流感	
(Google	Flu	Trends)
http://geocyber.org/blog/?p=150
Google將與感冒相關
的關鍵詞,與美國疾
病管理局(CDC)的資
料作⼀對比,其結果
相當驚⼈,Google	
Flu	Trends所顯⽰的
趨勢可以提早⼆個星
期左右預測出流感的
爆發。
台灣案例:「腸病毒」
• 「腸病毒」關鍵詞在Google	Trend的趨勢和台灣疾管局
資料的比較	
• 在2004-2008年間,腸病毒發⽣的⾼峰幾乎相符,在⾼
峰發⽣前腸病毒關鍵詞在Google的查詢頻次增加
收集關鍵詞了解市場趨勢	
(Google	Finance)
• 藍線為購買指數(Shopping	Index);	紅線為奢侈品購買指數(Luxury	
Goods	Index)。2007年後奢侈品購買指數開始下降,以整體平均⽽
⾔,購買指數是上升的,且每年都很規律地在聖誕節達到⾼峰。	
• 這告訴我們什麼︖
社群媒體中仇恨字眼	
(Twitter)
美國⼈的“仇恨”地理空間
http://users.humboldt.edu/mstephens/hate/hate_map.html
http://geocyber.org/blog/?p=557
由Flickr照⽚了解	
觀光客偏好的地點
: Eric Fischer
由打卡資料(Foursquare)了解城市脈動
https://foursquare.com/infographics/pulse#tokyo
花⽣與蒜頭種植區域的空間關係
http://soilsurvey.tari.gov.tw/
花⽣與蒜頭價格的連動關係
0.0#
10.0#
20.0#
30.0#
40.0#
50.0#
60.0#
70.0#
80.0#
0.0#
20.0#
40.0#
60.0#
80.0#
100.0#
120.0#
2008
01
#
2008
03
#
2008
05
#
2008
07
#
2008
09
#
2008
11
#
2009
01
#
2009
03
#
2009
05
#
2009
07
#
2009
09
#
2009
11
#
2010
01
#
2010
03
#
2010
05
#
2010
07
#
2010
09
#
2010
11
#
2011
01
#
2011
03
#
2011
05
#
2011
07
#
2011
09
#
2011
11
#
2012
01
#
2012
03
#
2012
05
#
2012
07
#
2012
09
#
2012
11
#
2013
01
#
2013
03
#
2013
05
#
2013
07
#
2013
09
#
2013
11
#
2014
01
#
2014
03
#
#
#
http://apis.afa.gov.tw/pagepub/AppInquiryPage.aspx
資料來源:	農產品價格查詢系統
誰是開放資料⽣產者?
個⼈、非營利組織、公司、政府
Courtesy from http://www.mycustomer.com/news/uk-consumers-still-trust-government-personal-data
資料的價值不僅是商業利益
• 資料本身的價值並不僅僅其在於短
期的商業利益,⽽是⽂化、⽣活環
境、社會...等。	
• 個⼈所⽣產的資料因缺乏互動,所
以⼈們並不了解資料的重要性,當
愈來愈多⼯具可以提供個⼈來瀏覽
他們的資料、應⽤他們的資料。	
• ⼈們在這當中可以了解個⼈資料的
重要性,同時也會體認到資料所有
權。
Figure source: McKinsey Global Institute analysis,
Open data: Unlocking innovation and
performance with liquid information, 2013
開放資料	
Open	Data
開放資料
(Open	Data)
沒有技術和法律上障礙的資料
Courtesy from http://www.wired.co.uk/news/silicon-europe?page=14
• 使⽤「開放標準」和「非專屬的資料格
式」讓資料能不受到技術限制⽽可以流
通	
• 使⽤「公眾領域」或「開放授權」條款
釋出資料,使資料的使⽤不因法律或智
慧財產權限制,進⽽資料可無償地被⾃
由的散布、再製和修改
開放的授權條款
http://blog.okfn.org/category/okf-projects/open-data-commons/
開放	v.s.	資料
Adapted from http://segnalazionit.org/2012/03/26/istat-e-open-data/
政府開放
資料
開放政府	
資料
開放資料
開放政府
政府資料
機密	
隱私資料
開放政府(Open	Government)
• 促進透明治理、增進民眾對政府的信賴	
• 政府資訊公開法,第⼀條:「為建⽴政府資訊公開制度,便利⼈民
共享及公平利⽤政府資訊,保障⼈民知的權利,增進⼈民對公共
事務之瞭解、信賴及監督,並促進民主參與,特制定本法」	
• 美國總統歐巴⾺政府起始的<開放政府倡議>(Open	Government	
Initiative)	
• 加速⾏政⾰新、有效配置⾏政資源	
• 促進⼈民參與、善⽤民間⼒量
(2012) : CC Taiwan
http://spin-salad.com/open-government-diagram/
開放政府資料8個原則
• 全⾯開放	(Primary)	
• 資料完整	(Complete)	
• 即時發布	(Timely)	
• 便民使⽤	(Accessible)
• 機器處理	(Machine	processable)	
• 不作限制	(Non-discriminatory)	
• 公開格式	(Non-proprietary)	
• 不需授權	(License)
2007	年美國⼀場「開放政府資料」研討會的與會者意⾒。這場由美國民間組
織	Public.Resource.Org	的	Carl	Malamud	以及媒體公司	O'Reilly	Media	的	Tim	
O'Reilly	所召集的兩天會議,匯集了	30	名關注這項議題的民間⼈⼠,會後並
提出《開放政府資料的八項原則》:
https://public.resource.org/8_principles.html
開放政府資料平台
⼆個開放政府資料
的案例
農委會的產銷履歷
稻⽶栽種的位置
地籍資料還不是「開放資料」	
但有提供便民服務
http://easymap.land.moi.gov.tw/R02/Index
環保署的⼟壤重⾦屬污染調查
28
路殺社:		
路死動物觀察的Facebook社群
• 開始於	2011年8⽉	
• 超過	9,300	會員	
• 路殺紀錄筆數:25,228筆	
• 路殺紀錄隻次:30,819隻次	
• 資料貢獻者:1,710位	
• 紀錄物種數:433種
Facebook上的路殺記錄
Observation Provider:
Chuang Yu Ta
Photo:
A proof of occurrence
Observation date:
2013/12/4
Species Identifier:
Joyce Chen
Species name:
(Melogale moschata)
Identification Date:
Dec. 4, 2013
Post
section
Comment
section
Thread
Observation location:
Geoname:
(Sindian)
Road kilometre:
9 16.3K
(Province Road No.9,
16.3 kilometer)
Lat:24.95149
Lon:121.57520
Lat:151m
資料分析與處理
compile
query query
resultresult
Information		
Extraction
Data		
Collection
Information		
Formalization
Data		
Reuse
路殺社官網	
(roadkill.tw)
結構化/視覺化資料
路殺資料再使⽤
http://geocyber.org/maps/heatmap/leaflet.html
路殺資料在政府資料開放平台	
	(data.gov.tw)
http://data.gov.tw/node/8338
從創客(Maker)	
到開放資料⽣產者
maps.safecast.org
Oct,	2011
Jun	2015
LASS	Field-Try	PM	2.5	感測器
https://www.facebook.com/groups/1607718702812067/
https://lass.hackpad.com/LASS-README-DtZ5T6DXLbu
動⼿⾃造、創意無限
LASS	PM	2.5	的資料視覺化
http://52.74.47.196:5601/app/kibana#/dashboard/demo
http://nrl.iis.sinica.edu.tw/LASS/PM25.php??site= &city= &district=
&channel=61022&apikey=XZMEBWCDJQYPJ146
LASS	PM	2.5	的資料地理視覺化
http://iot.sparkfuture.io/pm25
空氣盒⼦:	從創客、開放資料到智慧城市
http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/1640471
空氣盒⼦開放資料
http://data.taipei/opendata/datalist/datasetMeta?oid=4ba06157-3854-4111-9383-3b8a188c962a
空氣盒⼦資料呈現
http://pm2.5.taipei/
Thank you for your attentions!
Questions?
dongpo.deng@gmail.com
FB: dongpo.deng
Twitter: dongpo
http://tinyurl.com/taoyuan-od-2016

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Open data的發展及應用(鄧東波)20160531