Open Data

The Vision of Revolution 2020

24.5.2011
From Closed Systems to
Open Data and Information

Harri Luuppala,
Owner
Open Invest Oy

V 1.2

(c) 2011 Harri Luuppala, Heikki Kamppuri
All trademarks, images, and other referenced materials are the property of their respective owners

My relevant background
● Born 1958, Vammala, Finland
● Last 20y Tieto Corp.
● Telecom, Banking, Insurance, Media, Manufacturing
● Biz in Nordics, Baltics, UK, US, China, Portugal,...
● Founder of Mobile Phone SW RD Biz incl.
Outsourcing biz (Nokia, Nokia Siemens Networks)
● Before Tieto
● Instrumentarium
● Valmet / Metso

From Closed Systems to Open
Data and Information

Open Data &
Playground Vision 2020
Information

Demand Supply All technology
is available.
A Brief Some But are we
History Stories ready?


Part 1
Playground


You need to understand my
reasonings – so be patient!
● Markets with Asymmetric Information
● Information Theory
● From Open Source to Open Data
● Disruptive Ideas and Ability to Vision
● We need a solution for Asymmetric Information!
● WEB 2.0 is coming – are you ready?


Markets with Asymmetric
Information
● Akerlof, Spence, Stigliz, Nobel Prize 2001
● Realistic assumtion of Asymmetric Information (AI): Agents
on one side of the market have much better information than
those on the other side.
● Akerlof: ”lemons paper” = study of used car markets
Sociology, Social antropology … → Economic Theory of AI
● Spence:
– Market Signaling i.e education is signaling of productivity on labor markets
– New theory of Industrial Organisation
● Stiglitz:
– Insurance company as the uninformed party gets information through
screening of customers i.e. risk classes


Information Theory
Channel theory

Maximum mutual information/Channel capacity:

Coding theory, two aspects namely:

Data compression (or, source coding)
Error correction (or, channel coding)


Distruptive Ideas
1. The World first major competition
won by a voluntary SMS campain
started by Finnish youths!

Won for Finns enabled by the SMS
campaign

2. Huffington Post guessed in Jan
2011 and NOW WE KNOW, there
is a TREND!

The Revolution enabled by
Facebook

3. Vision 2020
Solution for Asymmetric Infor-
mation by Open Data
May 9, 2005, as a commentary outlet and alternative to news websites like the Drudge Report.[3] On February 7, 2011, AOL acquired The Huffington Post for US$315 million
making Arianna Huffington editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post Media Group


We need a solution for
Asymmetric Information!

Huffington Post May 22, 2011


Web 2.0 is coming – are you ready?

Tommi Mikkonen, Antero Taivalsaari


Finnish Road to Open IT
A Brief History
● Finnish Goverment decided 1989 to use only Open Systems. Project
(1987-1989) was called T-90 or Toimisto-90
● At that time Denmark and Sweden did similar decisions. The standard was
a guide for buyers:
– Buy Unix and later on Posix compatible (i.e. OS/2) for Servers...
– Relational Databases (Oracle got a strong position in Finland)
– Open Standards for documents/data
● ISO 8859/1 character set preferred
● Government and Industry moved to Unix based servers 1986-2006.
● Peak was 1993-2000 – the depression 1993 and Euro+Y2K before 2000
pushed organisations to Unix (and OS/2) based Open Systems
● Today trend is to Linux based systems


Part 2
Open Data and Information


From Open Source to Open Data
● Open Source
● SW: Kermit → LibreOffice
● Open Systems
● OS: Unix → Linux (Unix = many unixes)
● Open Standards
● DeJure (OSI, IEEE, Oasis,...)
– ISO i.e. OSI, IEEE i.e. Posix, Oasis i.e. ODF
● DeFacto (Linux, ...)
– Finnish Linus Torvalds had no money to buy IEEE Posix std → he used instead Open
Solaris (Sun) as the base for Linux
● Open Interfaces (API, M2M, A2A, HCI,..)
● Data Catalog, Interface(s), Metadata, Version and Lifecycle mgmt
● Open Data (vs Closed Data)
● Public or Private

Open Data
● Open science data
● No common agreed definition
● The International Council of Scientific Unions (now the International Council for
Science) established several World Data Centers to
– minimize the risk of data loss and
– to maximize data accessibility,
– further recommending in 1955 that data be made available in machine-readable form
● Creators of data often do not consider the need to state the conditions
of ownership, licensing and re-use.
● However the lack of a license makes it difficult to determine the status of a data
set and may restrict the use of data offered in an Open spirit.
● Because of this uncertainty it is also possible for public or private organizations
such as IEEE to aggregate said data, protect it with copyright and then resell it.
--> OPEN ≠ FREE

History of Public Open Data
- a Finnish point of view
FI 1989 Open Systems (Unix, RDBMS,...)
FI 1994 Collect data once only (STP)
FI 2008 Somus (Social media R&D)
FI 2009 eAMS
US 2009 Open Government
UK 2009 Digital Britain
FI 2009 Public eServices & eAdministration
FI 2009 Apps for Democracy Finland
FI 2010 Public Open Data Guide
FI 2011 The State owned Broadcasting
Company YLE decided to Open Data

EU PSI Directive (2003)


Open Data in Finland:
data.suomi.fi
Public Open Data, Finland

Data Catalog = All public open data is listed here

Public Open Data – the guide published in Feb 2010

http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=102381085627


Gov Open Data
Unfortunately Gov pages only in Finnish (May 2011)


Apps for Democracy Finland
Winner 2009
Brances and Leafs:
Budget and Spending

Roots:
Income

Apps for Democracy Finland Prize


Finnish Government has a well
defined architecture to serve
● FI State Treasury: http://www.netra.fi
All data could be
availlable from the
same service-point


Government Archive Standard:
Sähke2
Will lead from imitation of static paper document to a dynamic decision support system


Open Data - SUPRISE
Case 1 - Climategate

Climate scientists and organisations pledged to restore public confidence in the research
process by improving data management and opening up access to data

Open Data - RESPONSIBILITY
Case 2 – Finnish Hunters + FB

Hunting card ––license to kill.
Hunting card license to kill.
Possible owner of aalegal gun.
Possible owner of legal gun.
Approval
Approval
Official test
Official test

+ License to steal
License to steal
= ?
Register of Hunting Cards
Register of Hunting Cards

This issue (hunting card + fb) is raised by Ilkka Lehtinen / COSS


Open Data – EARLY BIRD
Case 3 – Proposal Phase
Proposal from Ministry of
Transportation and
Communication 2011

Availability and reusability of Public data

Right to use and mainly free of charge

Common Metadata and Data Catalog

Networking and reward to open public data


KAMU


Vaalilupausarkisto
(Promised by politicians)


Journey Planner


Tilannehuone
Situation Room


Boost innovations
From single sheet to complex ideas


Identified challanges for
Government of Finland
● External
● Demand from EU, cizisens and other learers of information society (UK,
Sweden, US...) to Open Data
● Licenses/agreements to reuse data as Open Data
● Internal
● Pricing models – high prices → low usage → few users → few innovations /
benefits for society
● Uncompatible systems → unnecessary costs → higher prices and poor
information i.e. Healtcare
● Missing definitions / agreements for ownership and copyrights of government
data
● Missing open infrastructure of information i.e. Data Catalogs → diffuclt to find
Data Sets
● Poor technical structure for reuse of data
● Missing culture/attitude/reward and target setting models to open data

Part 3
Vision 2020


WEB 2020

Tommi Mikkonen, Antero Taivalsaari


Idea of Pöyry


Mashup w/ Qt

Tommi Mikkonen


Vision 2020 Open Data
(c) 2011 Luuppala, Kamppuri
Solutions for Asymmetric Information! +
Wisdom Mashup
OpenStreetMap.org
=
Signaling Innovations
Screening
Knowledge

Data Catalog =
Interface to Russia

Mashup Information

Data Catalog
Maximum mutual
Information/
Metadata Channel capacity
Data

Database Location People Job

Thank you!


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