This document discusses bridging rap music and mathematics by analyzing the rhythmic patterns in rap songs. The authors analyzed two rap songs, transcribing the music into musical notes, then converting it to tables and charts. They showed the reversibility of the process by creating an original song called "Life Matters" from the mathematical patterns. The goal is to use an interest in rap music to engage students in mathematics and show how mathematical concepts like patterns underlie the creation of rap.
Making a Connection: Employing Modern Culture to Engage StudentsDru Ryan
Presenter:
Andrew (Dru) Ryan, Coordinator, Center for Teaching and Learning, Montgomery College
Today, teachers from college to middle school are using Hip-Hop as an effective teaching tool in the classroom. Rap music and the cultural phenomenon dubbed Hip-Hop have catapulted youth life styles onto a global stage. With humble beginnings in the Bronx, New York City in the early 1970s, urban youth have been at the center of each of Hip-Hop’s events: deejaying, graffiti, break dancing and emceeing (rap). A few years ago, Afrika Bambaataa, a seminal figure in Hip-Hop, added a fifth element, knowledge of self and culture. With over 30 years of history, Bambaataa recognized the need for true aficionados to know and understand the roots of Hip-Hop. This presentation will introduce the history of Hip-Hop and discuss way to employ Hip-Hop in the classroom to promote learning, enhance cultural understanding and increase student engagement.
The document discusses hip hop music genre research. It provides definitions and examples of key aspects of hip hop including subgenres, significant artists, representation of artists, ideologies represented in music videos, and generic conventions of hip hop music videos. Record labels important to hip hop like Def Jam and Cash Money are also discussed. The research will help inform the production of an original hip hop music video.
The document discusses the history and development of hip hop music and culture. It covers the origins of hip hop in the 1970s in New York City, the emergence of rapping and DJing, and how hip hop grew into a mainstream genre in the 1980s. The document also discusses significant artists who helped develop hip hop such as DJ Kool Herc, Run-DMC, N.W.A., and Grandmaster Flash. It notes how hip hop influenced and was influenced by other genres like pop music. Finally, it discusses how artists are portrayed in hip hop music videos and culture, including the objectification of women and glorification of wealth.
I facilitated training for the UN's Foreign Language Training program in DC. My goal was to introduce Hip-Hop as an American sub-culture. The participants were from 70 different countries from around the world aged 21-29. They were all teachers and as such I gave them some tips for positively using Hip-Hop in the classroom.
Funk music originated in the late 1960s as African American musicians blended soul music, soul jazz and R&B. Funk de-emphasizes melody and harmony in favor of a strong rhythmic groove from electric bass and drums. It includes subgenres like funk rock, electro music, funkcore, punk-funk, funk metal, G-funk, funk jam, and Christian funk. While funk declined in popularity, its influence continues through funk rock bands and current artists integrating funk elements into their music.
Rapping is spoken or chanted rhyming lyrics performed over a beat. It involves elements like content, flow (rhythm and rhyme), and delivery. Rapping is distinct from poetry in that it is performed to music. It originated centuries ago and can now be found in every major language. Rapping draws from influences like James Brown's funk music and African American folk traditions. Successful rappers develop techniques like flow, rhyme schemes, rhythmic delivery, and breath control. Rap lyrics cover all topics and use literary devices such as similes, metaphors, and wordplay.
Rap and hip hop within today’s popular cultureSarah Keefe
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of rap and hip hop music. It discusses how rap originated in the Bronx in the 1970s and gained mainstream popularity in the late 1970s and 1980s. The document then outlines some of the major developments in rap music throughout the 1990s and 2000s, including the rise of gangsta rap and alternative hip hop styles. Both the positive and negative influences of rap on popular culture are also examined. The presentation concludes by suggesting rap will continue to change and impact society both positively and negatively through its ability to reflect and shape cultural realities.
West African drumming and Caribbean singing poets laid the foundations for modern American rap music, which first gained popularity in the 1970s as a street art form among African American teenagers. The 1979 hit "Rapper's Delight" by the Sugarhill Gang brought rap to the attention of record producers, leading to the emergence of numerous rap acts like Run-DMC and N.W.A. that helped rap's audience grow beyond African American males to include white groups like the Beastie Boys and female artists such as Salt-n-Pepa. By the 1990s, rap had matured into a new style featuring more complex lyrics from dominant artists such as The Notorious B.I.G., Snoop Dogg
Making a Connection: Employing Modern Culture to Engage StudentsDru Ryan
Presenter:
Andrew (Dru) Ryan, Coordinator, Center for Teaching and Learning, Montgomery College
Today, teachers from college to middle school are using Hip-Hop as an effective teaching tool in the classroom. Rap music and the cultural phenomenon dubbed Hip-Hop have catapulted youth life styles onto a global stage. With humble beginnings in the Bronx, New York City in the early 1970s, urban youth have been at the center of each of Hip-Hop’s events: deejaying, graffiti, break dancing and emceeing (rap). A few years ago, Afrika Bambaataa, a seminal figure in Hip-Hop, added a fifth element, knowledge of self and culture. With over 30 years of history, Bambaataa recognized the need for true aficionados to know and understand the roots of Hip-Hop. This presentation will introduce the history of Hip-Hop and discuss way to employ Hip-Hop in the classroom to promote learning, enhance cultural understanding and increase student engagement.
The document discusses hip hop music genre research. It provides definitions and examples of key aspects of hip hop including subgenres, significant artists, representation of artists, ideologies represented in music videos, and generic conventions of hip hop music videos. Record labels important to hip hop like Def Jam and Cash Money are also discussed. The research will help inform the production of an original hip hop music video.
The document discusses the history and development of hip hop music and culture. It covers the origins of hip hop in the 1970s in New York City, the emergence of rapping and DJing, and how hip hop grew into a mainstream genre in the 1980s. The document also discusses significant artists who helped develop hip hop such as DJ Kool Herc, Run-DMC, N.W.A., and Grandmaster Flash. It notes how hip hop influenced and was influenced by other genres like pop music. Finally, it discusses how artists are portrayed in hip hop music videos and culture, including the objectification of women and glorification of wealth.
I facilitated training for the UN's Foreign Language Training program in DC. My goal was to introduce Hip-Hop as an American sub-culture. The participants were from 70 different countries from around the world aged 21-29. They were all teachers and as such I gave them some tips for positively using Hip-Hop in the classroom.
Funk music originated in the late 1960s as African American musicians blended soul music, soul jazz and R&B. Funk de-emphasizes melody and harmony in favor of a strong rhythmic groove from electric bass and drums. It includes subgenres like funk rock, electro music, funkcore, punk-funk, funk metal, G-funk, funk jam, and Christian funk. While funk declined in popularity, its influence continues through funk rock bands and current artists integrating funk elements into their music.
Rapping is spoken or chanted rhyming lyrics performed over a beat. It involves elements like content, flow (rhythm and rhyme), and delivery. Rapping is distinct from poetry in that it is performed to music. It originated centuries ago and can now be found in every major language. Rapping draws from influences like James Brown's funk music and African American folk traditions. Successful rappers develop techniques like flow, rhyme schemes, rhythmic delivery, and breath control. Rap lyrics cover all topics and use literary devices such as similes, metaphors, and wordplay.
Rap and hip hop within today’s popular cultureSarah Keefe
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of rap and hip hop music. It discusses how rap originated in the Bronx in the 1970s and gained mainstream popularity in the late 1970s and 1980s. The document then outlines some of the major developments in rap music throughout the 1990s and 2000s, including the rise of gangsta rap and alternative hip hop styles. Both the positive and negative influences of rap on popular culture are also examined. The presentation concludes by suggesting rap will continue to change and impact society both positively and negatively through its ability to reflect and shape cultural realities.
West African drumming and Caribbean singing poets laid the foundations for modern American rap music, which first gained popularity in the 1970s as a street art form among African American teenagers. The 1979 hit "Rapper's Delight" by the Sugarhill Gang brought rap to the attention of record producers, leading to the emergence of numerous rap acts like Run-DMC and N.W.A. that helped rap's audience grow beyond African American males to include white groups like the Beastie Boys and female artists such as Salt-n-Pepa. By the 1990s, rap had matured into a new style featuring more complex lyrics from dominant artists such as The Notorious B.I.G., Snoop Dogg
It is a musical style that emerged in black and Hispanic neighborhoods of New York in the early 1980s, integrating various rhythms like break dance music, electro and urban graffiti. Rap music grew through DJs in dance halls mixing different themes. The top countries listening to rap are the United States, where it originated, followed by Spain, Mexico, Argentina and France, where the number one female rapper Diam hails from.
The document analyzes different music genres and how they present themselves through digipak designs. It discusses rock/punk genres like Paramore that portray an edgy image and use color contrasts. Techno/house like Basshunter use futuristic designs and vibrant colors to represent their club music. Alternative bands like Biffy Clyro take surreal artistic approaches. Hip hop designs tend to be simple with photos while pop punk uses more text. The author concludes they will incorporate elements of hip hop, pop punk, and animation into their own design to appeal to their target audience.
This document summarizes the results of a survey about target audiences for music videos. It found that:
1) The sample of 40 people was evenly split between males and females.
2) Hip-hop and R&B were the most popular music genres overall.
3) Visual art and narrative aspects were the most popular elements in music videos.
4) Most respondents said music videos can change their opinion of a song.
Rap music originated in Senegal in the 1980s as Senegalese youth appropriated elements of American hip hop culture. It has since grown into a widespread genre that is used by artists to address social and political issues in Senegal. While Senegalese rappers face challenges like lack of recording resources and small domestic audiences, the genre has empowered movements for political change. The 2014 SIMA music festival in Dakar featured performances from prominent Senegalese rappers like Xuman, Nix, and Ombre Zion, showing how rap has become an important part of Senegalese popular culture and identity.
Rap first became popular in the 1970s as a street art form among African American teenagers. The Sugarhill Gang's 1979 hit "Rapper's Delight" brought rap into the mainstream. In the 1990s, rap matured from simple old-school lyrics to louder new-school styles featuring more complex lyrics from artists like The Notorious B.I.G., Snoop Dogg, and Tupac. Rap involves speaking or chanting rhyming lyrics, often set to a beat, and addresses topics like sex, violence, and politics through sophisticated poetic rhymes.
Trap music has grown rapidly in popularity in North America in recent years. It is defined by its use of 808 bass drums and bombastic basslines. While originally associated with southern hip hop, the genre has been adopted by dubstep and electro house artists. Some key artists who have helped popularize trap include Baauer, Flosstradamus, RL Grime, and Uz. However, others argue that the new EDM version of trap appropriates and commercializes elements of underground hip hop culture without understanding the social issues it represents. The growth and mainstream popularity of trap also mirrors how dubstep became more commercially oriented in previous years.
Hip hop formed in the 1970s in New York City among young African Americans and Puerto Ricans. DJs would play funk and disco music and MCs would rhythmically speak or rap over the music. The Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight" in 1979 was a top hit and helped popularize hip hop. Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five's "The Message" in 1982 incorporated social messages about issues like poverty and crime. In the 1980s, rappers added melodies and hip hop production moved to studios using instruments like drum machines. Politically conscious hip hop also emerged. In the 1990s, digital editing software altered hip hop styles and gangsta rap from Los Angeles featuring explicit lyrics became
The document summarizes the cover art, design elements, and background of a hip hop/rap album. The front cover uses lighter colors to emphasize the artist, with their name in bold font at the top and the album name in smaller font at the bottom. The image shows the artist at an after party. The spine lists the artist name, album name, barcode, and barcode number. The back cover and inside panels include the song list, production credits, and more images of the artist. The document then provides context on the origins and key elements of hip hop/rap music and culture.
Indie music is a genre that describes independence from major commercial record labels and an autonomous approach to recording and publishing. It has a long history dating back to the post-war era in the US and UK. Independent labels strive for minimal influence on artists and focus more on music than wealth. Indie music encompasses various styles and sounds that operate outside of mainstream definitions.
R&B and hip-hop music originated in the 1940s from genres like jazz, blues, and African American music. R&B evolved from focusing on blues records in the 1940s-1950s to include gospel and funk influences in later decades. Hip-hop began in the Bronx in the 1970s when DJs experimented with extending drum breaks and mixing songs at house parties. Now, R&B and hip-hop are often collaborated together in music and share associations with urban youth culture. Some of the top current R&B and hip-hop artists include Usher, Beyoncé, Chris Brown, Drake, Lil Wayne, and Nicki Minaj.
Rap is a rhythmic monologue performed over a backing musical track. It originated in African American communities in the 1960s and is now closely associated with hip hop music. There are different types of rap including freestyle which is improvised on the spot and battle rap which is a competition between rappers. Some notable rappers mentioned are Dr. Dre, Eminem, Snoop Dogg, and Lil Wayne. Old school rap songs drew from blues and jazz influences while modern rap often includes vulgar language and references to emotions, other rappers, and names.
The document discusses several genres of music including pop, rock, hip-hop/rap, R&B, and dance music. It provides details on the origins, conventions, and notable artists for each genre. For pop music, it notes the genre's wide appeal and emphasis on catchy choruses. For rock music, it highlights origins in the 1950s and prevalence of instrumentation like electric guitar. Hip-hop/rap is described as focusing on rhythmic backing and rapping vocals. R&B has roots in jazz and contributions to soul and funk. Dance music accompanies dancing and has evolved from styles like ballroom to modern electronic dance music.
Rap music originated in the Bronx in the 1970s through the collaboration of African American singers and DJs. It grew popular in the 1980s with artists like Grandmaster Flash. The 1990s saw the rise of gangsta rap on the west coast with Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg, as well as east coast artists like The Notorious B.I.G. and Tupac. Into the 2000s, Eminem became one of the most successful white rappers while Kanye West brought a unique style. Current talented new artists like J. Cole, Kendrick Lamar, and Big K.R.I.T are continuing to shape the genre.
There are four main elements of hip hop music: MCing, DJing, breaking/scratching, and graffiti writing. Hip hop originated in the 1970s in the Bronx, New York among African Americans, developing from block parties where DJs would isolate breaks from popular songs. Rapping was later added over hip hop beats. Hip hop has since evolved, incorporating various genres and becoming mainstream. It has also shifted from representing community struggles to being shaped more by business interests.
Rap music originated in the Bronx in the 1970s as a means of expression for disenfranchised African American youth. DJ Kool Herc began playing instrumental beats for longer periods to allow for extended breakdancing. This helped establish rap's roots in African oral traditions of call-and-response. Rap grew more mainstream with the Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight" in 1979 and Run DMC's hits in the 1980s. Rap addressed social and economic issues facing urban communities and helped give a voice to these populations, though some lyrics were controversial and censorship attempts were made. Rap continues to be a reflection of and outlet for urban communities today.
Hip hop emerged in the 1970s in lower class urban areas and was comprised of four main elements: graffiti art, breakdancing, DJing, and rapping. It started as a form of playful rhyming and developed into a culture with its own music, art, fashion, and language. DJ Kool Herc was influential in developing hip hop music by mixing records to encourage dancing. Early rappers like Grandmaster Flash rapped about topics like sex, drugs, and partying, helping establish rap as a musical genre within hip hop culture. Hip hop culture continues to influence fashion and language over time.
Rap music originated in Africa and was brought to the US by slaves. It has roots in rhythmic speech recitation over steady beats. In the 1970s, DJ Kool Herc brought hip hop culture back to New York by playing rap music. While some argue rap has negative impacts like promoting drugs, alcohol, and degrading language, others believe it raises awareness of social issues and discrimination. Rap also acts as self-expression and influences fashion and creativity.
Hip hop began in the 1970s in New York and consists of three main elements - rap, breakdancing, and graffiti. Rap music became commercially successful in the 1980s. The early 1990s saw the rise of gangsta rap and a split between East Coast and West Coast styles, fueling rivalries between artists like Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G. who were both shot and killed in 1996-1997. Despite these tragic events, hip hop remains popular today with major artists like 50 Cent, Eminem, and Kanye West continuing its legacy worldwide.
Este documento proporciona información sobre cuatro grupos de la tabla periódica (grupos 4, 5, 6 y 7). Explica las propiedades generales de cada grupo y describe los elementos que los componen, incluyendo su número atómico, masa atómica, estado y usos. El documento tiene el propósito de enseñar sobre estos grupos de la tabla periódica y profundizar en el conocimiento de sus elementos constituyentes.
Este documento resume varias leyes estequiométricas fundamentales de la química, incluyendo la ley de conservación de la masa, la ley de las proporciones constantes, la ley de las proporciones múltiples y la ley de las proporciones equivalentes o recíprocas. También explica conceptos como el átomo-gramo, el mol-gramo, el volumen-gramo molecular y el número de Avogadro, y cómo se aplican los cálculos estequiométricos.
El documento describe la evolución de la tabla periódica desde sus primeros intentos de clasificar los elementos hasta la versión actual. Explica que la tabla clasifica los elementos en grupos y períodos según su número atómico y configuración electrónica. También describe propiedades periódicas como el radio atómico, energía de ionización, afinidad electrónica y electronegatividad, y cómo estas varían de forma predecible a través de la tabla.
El documento describe las propiedades periódicas de los elementos químicos, incluyendo cómo varían el radio atómico, radio iónico, energía de ionización, afinidad electrónica y electronegatividad dependiendo de la posición del elemento en la tabla periódica. También explica que los elementos tienden a perder electrones (carácter metálico) o ganar electrones (carácter no metálico) dependiendo de sus propiedades.
It is a musical style that emerged in black and Hispanic neighborhoods of New York in the early 1980s, integrating various rhythms like break dance music, electro and urban graffiti. Rap music grew through DJs in dance halls mixing different themes. The top countries listening to rap are the United States, where it originated, followed by Spain, Mexico, Argentina and France, where the number one female rapper Diam hails from.
The document analyzes different music genres and how they present themselves through digipak designs. It discusses rock/punk genres like Paramore that portray an edgy image and use color contrasts. Techno/house like Basshunter use futuristic designs and vibrant colors to represent their club music. Alternative bands like Biffy Clyro take surreal artistic approaches. Hip hop designs tend to be simple with photos while pop punk uses more text. The author concludes they will incorporate elements of hip hop, pop punk, and animation into their own design to appeal to their target audience.
This document summarizes the results of a survey about target audiences for music videos. It found that:
1) The sample of 40 people was evenly split between males and females.
2) Hip-hop and R&B were the most popular music genres overall.
3) Visual art and narrative aspects were the most popular elements in music videos.
4) Most respondents said music videos can change their opinion of a song.
Rap music originated in Senegal in the 1980s as Senegalese youth appropriated elements of American hip hop culture. It has since grown into a widespread genre that is used by artists to address social and political issues in Senegal. While Senegalese rappers face challenges like lack of recording resources and small domestic audiences, the genre has empowered movements for political change. The 2014 SIMA music festival in Dakar featured performances from prominent Senegalese rappers like Xuman, Nix, and Ombre Zion, showing how rap has become an important part of Senegalese popular culture and identity.
Rap first became popular in the 1970s as a street art form among African American teenagers. The Sugarhill Gang's 1979 hit "Rapper's Delight" brought rap into the mainstream. In the 1990s, rap matured from simple old-school lyrics to louder new-school styles featuring more complex lyrics from artists like The Notorious B.I.G., Snoop Dogg, and Tupac. Rap involves speaking or chanting rhyming lyrics, often set to a beat, and addresses topics like sex, violence, and politics through sophisticated poetic rhymes.
Trap music has grown rapidly in popularity in North America in recent years. It is defined by its use of 808 bass drums and bombastic basslines. While originally associated with southern hip hop, the genre has been adopted by dubstep and electro house artists. Some key artists who have helped popularize trap include Baauer, Flosstradamus, RL Grime, and Uz. However, others argue that the new EDM version of trap appropriates and commercializes elements of underground hip hop culture without understanding the social issues it represents. The growth and mainstream popularity of trap also mirrors how dubstep became more commercially oriented in previous years.
Hip hop formed in the 1970s in New York City among young African Americans and Puerto Ricans. DJs would play funk and disco music and MCs would rhythmically speak or rap over the music. The Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight" in 1979 was a top hit and helped popularize hip hop. Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five's "The Message" in 1982 incorporated social messages about issues like poverty and crime. In the 1980s, rappers added melodies and hip hop production moved to studios using instruments like drum machines. Politically conscious hip hop also emerged. In the 1990s, digital editing software altered hip hop styles and gangsta rap from Los Angeles featuring explicit lyrics became
The document summarizes the cover art, design elements, and background of a hip hop/rap album. The front cover uses lighter colors to emphasize the artist, with their name in bold font at the top and the album name in smaller font at the bottom. The image shows the artist at an after party. The spine lists the artist name, album name, barcode, and barcode number. The back cover and inside panels include the song list, production credits, and more images of the artist. The document then provides context on the origins and key elements of hip hop/rap music and culture.
Indie music is a genre that describes independence from major commercial record labels and an autonomous approach to recording and publishing. It has a long history dating back to the post-war era in the US and UK. Independent labels strive for minimal influence on artists and focus more on music than wealth. Indie music encompasses various styles and sounds that operate outside of mainstream definitions.
R&B and hip-hop music originated in the 1940s from genres like jazz, blues, and African American music. R&B evolved from focusing on blues records in the 1940s-1950s to include gospel and funk influences in later decades. Hip-hop began in the Bronx in the 1970s when DJs experimented with extending drum breaks and mixing songs at house parties. Now, R&B and hip-hop are often collaborated together in music and share associations with urban youth culture. Some of the top current R&B and hip-hop artists include Usher, Beyoncé, Chris Brown, Drake, Lil Wayne, and Nicki Minaj.
Rap is a rhythmic monologue performed over a backing musical track. It originated in African American communities in the 1960s and is now closely associated with hip hop music. There are different types of rap including freestyle which is improvised on the spot and battle rap which is a competition between rappers. Some notable rappers mentioned are Dr. Dre, Eminem, Snoop Dogg, and Lil Wayne. Old school rap songs drew from blues and jazz influences while modern rap often includes vulgar language and references to emotions, other rappers, and names.
The document discusses several genres of music including pop, rock, hip-hop/rap, R&B, and dance music. It provides details on the origins, conventions, and notable artists for each genre. For pop music, it notes the genre's wide appeal and emphasis on catchy choruses. For rock music, it highlights origins in the 1950s and prevalence of instrumentation like electric guitar. Hip-hop/rap is described as focusing on rhythmic backing and rapping vocals. R&B has roots in jazz and contributions to soul and funk. Dance music accompanies dancing and has evolved from styles like ballroom to modern electronic dance music.
Rap music originated in the Bronx in the 1970s through the collaboration of African American singers and DJs. It grew popular in the 1980s with artists like Grandmaster Flash. The 1990s saw the rise of gangsta rap on the west coast with Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg, as well as east coast artists like The Notorious B.I.G. and Tupac. Into the 2000s, Eminem became one of the most successful white rappers while Kanye West brought a unique style. Current talented new artists like J. Cole, Kendrick Lamar, and Big K.R.I.T are continuing to shape the genre.
There are four main elements of hip hop music: MCing, DJing, breaking/scratching, and graffiti writing. Hip hop originated in the 1970s in the Bronx, New York among African Americans, developing from block parties where DJs would isolate breaks from popular songs. Rapping was later added over hip hop beats. Hip hop has since evolved, incorporating various genres and becoming mainstream. It has also shifted from representing community struggles to being shaped more by business interests.
Rap music originated in the Bronx in the 1970s as a means of expression for disenfranchised African American youth. DJ Kool Herc began playing instrumental beats for longer periods to allow for extended breakdancing. This helped establish rap's roots in African oral traditions of call-and-response. Rap grew more mainstream with the Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight" in 1979 and Run DMC's hits in the 1980s. Rap addressed social and economic issues facing urban communities and helped give a voice to these populations, though some lyrics were controversial and censorship attempts were made. Rap continues to be a reflection of and outlet for urban communities today.
Hip hop emerged in the 1970s in lower class urban areas and was comprised of four main elements: graffiti art, breakdancing, DJing, and rapping. It started as a form of playful rhyming and developed into a culture with its own music, art, fashion, and language. DJ Kool Herc was influential in developing hip hop music by mixing records to encourage dancing. Early rappers like Grandmaster Flash rapped about topics like sex, drugs, and partying, helping establish rap as a musical genre within hip hop culture. Hip hop culture continues to influence fashion and language over time.
Rap music originated in Africa and was brought to the US by slaves. It has roots in rhythmic speech recitation over steady beats. In the 1970s, DJ Kool Herc brought hip hop culture back to New York by playing rap music. While some argue rap has negative impacts like promoting drugs, alcohol, and degrading language, others believe it raises awareness of social issues and discrimination. Rap also acts as self-expression and influences fashion and creativity.
Hip hop began in the 1970s in New York and consists of three main elements - rap, breakdancing, and graffiti. Rap music became commercially successful in the 1980s. The early 1990s saw the rise of gangsta rap and a split between East Coast and West Coast styles, fueling rivalries between artists like Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G. who were both shot and killed in 1996-1997. Despite these tragic events, hip hop remains popular today with major artists like 50 Cent, Eminem, and Kanye West continuing its legacy worldwide.
Este documento proporciona información sobre cuatro grupos de la tabla periódica (grupos 4, 5, 6 y 7). Explica las propiedades generales de cada grupo y describe los elementos que los componen, incluyendo su número atómico, masa atómica, estado y usos. El documento tiene el propósito de enseñar sobre estos grupos de la tabla periódica y profundizar en el conocimiento de sus elementos constituyentes.
Este documento resume varias leyes estequiométricas fundamentales de la química, incluyendo la ley de conservación de la masa, la ley de las proporciones constantes, la ley de las proporciones múltiples y la ley de las proporciones equivalentes o recíprocas. También explica conceptos como el átomo-gramo, el mol-gramo, el volumen-gramo molecular y el número de Avogadro, y cómo se aplican los cálculos estequiométricos.
El documento describe la evolución de la tabla periódica desde sus primeros intentos de clasificar los elementos hasta la versión actual. Explica que la tabla clasifica los elementos en grupos y períodos según su número atómico y configuración electrónica. También describe propiedades periódicas como el radio atómico, energía de ionización, afinidad electrónica y electronegatividad, y cómo estas varían de forma predecible a través de la tabla.
El documento describe las propiedades periódicas de los elementos químicos, incluyendo cómo varían el radio atómico, radio iónico, energía de ionización, afinidad electrónica y electronegatividad dependiendo de la posición del elemento en la tabla periódica. También explica que los elementos tienden a perder electrones (carácter metálico) o ganar electrones (carácter no metálico) dependiendo de sus propiedades.
Este documento presenta información sobre los diferentes grupos funcionales de la tabla periódica, incluyendo las propiedades y elementos que componen los grupos de los halógenos, oxígeno, fósforo, nitrógeno y arsénico. Describe cada uno de estos elementos químicos y proporciona detalles sobre sus características y usos comunes.
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de energía, incluyendo energía potencial, cinética y química. Explica que la energía permite que las cosas ocurran y puede transformarse de una forma a otra. También discute cómo la tecnología moderna depende de la energía y la importancia de las fuentes renovables debido a que los combustibles fósiles son limitados.
Este documento describe los estados de la materia, incluyendo sólido, líquido y gaseoso. Explica que la materia puede cambiar de estado a través del calor o el frío, como la evaporación, solidificación, condensación y fusión. Luego describe el ciclo del agua, en el que el agua se evapora, condensa en nubes y cae como lluvia, repitiendo el proceso continuamente. Finalmente, enfatiza la importancia del agua y la necesidad de cuidar este recurso escaso y prevenir su contaminación.
La liturgia es el ejercicio del sacerdocio de Cristo en su Iglesia mediante signos sensibles que permiten a los fieles dar gloria a Dios y santificarse como comunidad. Los principales actos litúrgicos son la misa, los sacramentos y el oficio divino. La asamblea litúrgica está formada por los fieles reunidos para celebrar a Jesucristo a través de su palabra, la enseñanza de los apóstoles, la oración y la eucaristía.
“What is the effect of Hip Hop (Rap) Music on Violence”
Abstract:
Music has played major roles in one’s culture. Many individuals listen to classical, blues, contemporary, gospel, jazz as well as music which portray the lives of the underprivileged depicting the living condition and environment in which they live, especially African Americans living in the inner city of metropolitan areas. Hip-Hop has had an overwhelming influence on all ethnicities and communities across the world. Hip-Hop is more than music it is a culture bringing awareness to societal plights which plaques communities. Just as songs were use as codes to free those in bondage, Hip-Hop has influenced and uplifted disenfranchised peoples the world over. Speaking up for generations and providing a voice to groups of people attempting to ensure that the marginalization of people that are not influential are recognized in society and their voice heard. It is important for us to realize that the content of Hip-Hop music provides a mean to achieve individual identity and cultural integration. It is also important to note that most hip-hop artists are using the music that they make as a canvas to portray the realities of their environment. To say that hip-hop causes violence is ignorant and intellectually lazy. Violence in music spreads across music and genres. There are numerous country songs about guns and fighting in bars. There are numerous rock and roll songs that play on the same theme. So why don’t these genres of music get the same reputation and flack for violence that hip hop does? The answer is complex and complicated, but the easy answer is we must place blame somewhere. The easiest target for blame is often in entertainment, whether it be movies or video games. On a deeper level the fact that the Hip-Hop is predominantly a black genre made by young blacks in inner city areas plagued with violence makes it an easy target. This often neglects that fact that most Hip-hop songs are about having a good time and are overwhelmingly positive. Hip hop causes violence no more than gospel music converts people to Christianity, or no more than classical music causes people to pick up instruments.
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Hip Hop Is Widely Known As A Genre Of Music That StartedJennifer Cruz
Hip hop originated in the Bronx, New York in the late 1970s among African Americans. It began as a genre of music but developed into a broader culture. The four key elements of hip hop culture are deejaying, breakdancing, rapping, and graffiti. Deejaying was an important early contribution, as DJs would play instrumental breaks from songs to create beats for breakdancers. Over time, hip hop expanded beyond music to influence various aspects of lifestyle, language, and expression.
1. The document provides biographical information about Mr. Bayu Primanda, including his name, nickname, date and place of birth, marital status, blood group, zodiac sign, and social media contact details.
2. It lists some classroom etiquette rules such as not talking during lectures, switching off phones, and paying attention to the teacher.
3. It also includes brief summaries of different music genres like reggae, rock music, rap music, jazz, K-pop, and dangdut, describing their origins and typical musical elements.
This document discusses the origins and history of African American music, specifically hip hop. It notes that African American music developed both culturally and artistically over the years, with styles like spirituals, blues, jazz, R&B, and hip hop creating an incredible history. Hip hop originated in the Bronx in the 1970s and has grown to address issues like education, racism, and drug use through rhythm, beats, and lyrics. Wild Style, an early hip hop film from 1983, documented elements like emceeing, graffiti, breakdancing, and deejaying.
Hip hop music originated in the 1970s at a birthday party in the Bronx, New York. DJs would play different pieces of music together and add rapping, which is rhythmic speaking over the music. Hip hop served as an alternative to disco and emphasized reality and community. It provided African Americans an artistic outlet and way to tell stories. Hip hop has evolved from just music to an entire lifestyle and continues to impact communities worldwide.
Hip hop dance was important to African American culture as it allowed them to create their own culture and style. A documentary called "Flex is Kings" shows how hip hop dance has evolved in the 21st century, demonstrating emotion and seriousness in their movements. Hip hop dance has become these dancers' lives. The history of hip hop includes DJ Kool Herc bringing break beats from Jamaica to the Bronx and isolating beats for long periods, which dancers would break dance to. Hip hop began in the Bronx and includes rap music, turntablism, breaking, and graffiti, with the former three impacting dance the most.
Friends Don't Let Friends Clap on One and Three: a Backbeat Clapping StudyEthan Hein
Taj Mahal stopped playing blues music twice during a concert in Germany because the audience was clapping on beats 1 and 3 of the 4/4 time signature instead of the expected backbeat of beats 2 and 4. He explained to the audience that for "schvartze (black) music" like blues, the correct way to clap is on beats 2 and 4, not 1 and 3. Only after his explanations did the audience finally clap along correctly on the backbeat.
Hip hop culture originated in the Bronx in the 1970s and consists of four core elements: DJing, emceeing (rapping), breakdancing, and graffiti art. DJ Kool Herc is considered a founder for innovating hip hop music by extending the instrumental portion of songs. Afrika Bambaataa later helped develop hip hop culture by using it to unite gangs and promote peace. Over time, hip hop culture has expanded globally and modern hip hop has incorporated elements of partying and club culture while still retaining roots in individual expression.
The document provides an overview of a music learning module on Philippine popular music for 7th grade students. It is a 2-hour lesson that introduces students to the pioneers and genres of Philippine popular music such as pop, fusion, novelty, hip hop, and folk rock. Students will analyze musical elements in examples of popular music, learn about the cultural and historical context, and correlate the music to Philippine society. A culminating activity is a class variety show showcasing different genres of Philippine popular music. Students are assessed on their performance in groups.
Hip hop originated in the South Bronx in the 1970s and is characterized by four elements: rap music, turntablism, breaking, and graffiti art. It began as a reactionary outlet for expressing the violence and poverty of urban environments. Key figures like DJ Kool Herc and Afrika Bambaataa established pillars of hip hop culture. Hip hop music emerged with DJs looping breaks and was accompanied by rapping. The culture has since spread globally while retaining its ability to challenge social issues.
Rap music has become a controversial genre that is debated as having both positive and negative influences. While some rap lyrics promote violence, drugs, and degrade women, rap can also be a form of artistic expression and storytelling that allows marginalized groups to voice their experiences. The essay discusses the history and evolution of rap from its origins in the 1970s to its widespread popularity today globally. It also examines rap as a cultural phenomenon and the role of rap in shaping language and culture for youth.
Hip hop originated in the 1970s in the Bronx, New York among African American and Latino communities. It is characterized by four key elements - rapping, DJing, breaking, and graffiti. DJ Kool Herc is considered the "father" of hip hop, pioneering DJ techniques like looping breaks on two turntables. Hip hop music first emerged from DJs creating rhythmic beats and was accompanied by rapping in rhythmic chants. It has since spread globally and incorporates influences from genres like blues, jazz, rock, soul, funk, and rhythm and blues. While hip hop faces some criticism, it provides an artistic outlet and global platform for marginalized communities.
1. Bridging Mathematics and Rap Song (Freestyling)
Oladimeji Ogunyemi* and Tong Wu#
Department of Mathematics
College of Science and Technology
Texas Southern University
3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX 77004
ABSTRACT
“Rap itself-the rhymes spoken over hip-hop music.” - Becky Blanchard
The basis of this project was to utilize the fundamental correlation between the
creation of rap music (free-style) and mathematics as an incentive towards
increasing the involvement of disadvantaged scholars in mathematical subjects.
The idea is to imbibe the pop culture as a mean of transferring pre-obtained skill
and knowledge (rapping) to develop interest in area of concern (Mathematics).
Spontaneous lyrical improvisation with creation of cohesive meaningful storyline
demands adequate mental capacity. Ability to instantaneously manipulate/blend
the basic elements of music (time, speed, tone, aesthetic, rhyme, pattern,
language, subject, and choice of words) cannot be limited to mere common sense.
Such ingenious artistic traits which include rapping require adequate mental
calculations that are in similitude to when performing mathematical manipulations.
Scientific evidences have proven that music has the capacity to engage both
hemispheres of the brain. The left hemisphere is known to be responsible for
logical and analytical processing, while the right on the contrast is responsible for
spontaneity and experimentation. The method adopted was to show how
knowledge of mathematics (rhythmic patterns) helped in creating the framework
for the entire intended rap song. Our main focus is to encourage scholars to
embrace and appreciate hip-hop music as not just a mere street element but as a
master tool that could be used to boost interest in the areas that requires
mathematical knowledge.
2. INTRODUCTION
The enormous public misconceptions surrounding the rap music had long been
traced back to the American popular media. These fallacies have been grossly
propagated through propaganda by those with limited historical understanding of
the hip-hop culture of which rap music stands out to be the leading component.
The act of associating modern music to all social ill can only be regarded as an
approach of redefining all our music schools (elementary to colleges) to be
factories where devil is the production personnel. It is technically bizarre to make
such ambiguous conclusions without proper investigation and scholarly evidences
from different school of thought. It is quite very easy to devote all our prejudices
on the lyrics of the rap music and be missing out in the absorption of the messages
being communicated by the rappers. Surprisingly, this sort of hypocritical treatment
of rap music should not caught us unawares because similar approach was
adopted in disregarding the aftereffects of almost four hundred years of slavery in
America. The fundamental message of the rap music before the commercialization
was to unify the black community most especially those that are politically and
socially disadvantaged. Rap is not just an ordinary art without substance; it is
deeply rooted in the African oral tradition brought by the slaves from their
homeland into the America. To better understand this historical link between rap
music and the African oratory practices, this writer made a tangible comment about
the griot:
Unique to Western Africa, the griot, or jeli, profession encompasses
many roles. Griots have been re - ferred to as historians and
storytellers, but there is no real word in the English language that
includes all of their functions. A traditional griot could do everything
from recounting history to composing music, to teaching students, to
acting as diplomats. They are genealogists, historians,
spokespeople, ambassadors, musicians, teachers, warriors,
interpreters, praise-singers, masters of ceremonies, advisors, and
more. Not every griot does all of these things, but these are all
examples of functions the griot profession embodies.
Hip-hop was pioneered in 1973 by a popular Jamaican-born Kool DJ Herc in South
Bronx (New York) but it was later developed through competitive efforts of a former
gang leader, DJ called Afrika Bambaataa in the South Bronx, New York City. The
Bronx community was predominantly occupied by poor black people who cannot
really relate to the subjugating music played by the mainstream media on the radio
at that time Instead; the people through creativity came up with a genre of music
that has been noted to be highly influential among youths. DJs create hip-hop
rhythm and music by blending or mixing together existing songs/records on the turn
tables. Hip-hop gave birth to breakdance, allowing dancers to move in a way that
replicate the energy and the rhythm of the song being played. Rapping like DJ
developed out of ingenuity and social circumstance. The functionality of Master of
Ceremony (MC) evolved from the DJ having a microphone to announce the details
3. of the next dance party (date, time, venue, VIP) and to acknowledge members of
the group, crew and audience. It is either the DJ will do the announcement or have
another person (MC) do it for him. The announcement became more creative in its
delivery by interjecting certain words repetitively in order to create what is
technically known as echo or delay effect. Embellishment of the spoken words
creates the path for the modern day rapping to emerge. The word “free-styling”
became a model for rappers whenever the lyrics or words of the rap were not
premeditated. It simply means the same with the word “improvisation” in jazz music,
creating phrase or line spontaneously. Additionally, history reveals that many
Western classical music composers in 17th and 18th century (Bach, Mozart and
Chopin etc.) imbibed this idea of improvisation or free-styling to showcase their
musicianship during performances and in many of their compositions. Rappers are
not mere artists but are messengers not limited to their communities alone but they
are group of creative minds who possess the unique ability of telling history in an
unconventional way. This community involvement of rap music confirms why Becky
Blanchard made the following comments:
Rap is commonly designated as “CNN for black people.” Rap could
be integrated into English and language arts curriculum as a form of
both poetry and drama. Allowing students to write and perform their
own rap encourages them to think critically, to practice writing in the
narrative form, to increase vocabulary, and to develop and
understanding of rhyme and rhythm.
METHODS
The team used Inductive method to transfer musical ideas (youtube videos) into
mathematical ideas. Prior knowledge of music helped in dealing with the
challenges faced while during the transcribing process. The randomly selected two
videos were converted into manageable format (MP4) in order to aid repeatable
listening and accessibility. Each video was sequenced and edited separately using
a digital workstation with Logic pro 9 and Finale 2011 (music notation software).
The importance of the sequencing software was to create the music notations
needed to translate each video into mathematical form. The main task lies in
translating by hear the rhythmic contents of all the parts that made up each song.
Because the focus of this research has a lot to with the frequency of the words as
dictated by the rhythm. This process was initiated by sequencing the drum beat
which was originally done by beat boxing in Mos Def’s video. Beat boxing is an
integral part of the hip hop culture and it entails producing a regular percussive
sound with the parts of the body (mouth, hand and gently slapping the chest with
the hand) in lieu of electronic drum sound samples. The entire music performance
was digitally reproduced (sequenced) through a midi controller (M-Audio
Keystation 61 es) connected via USB to a notebook (Macbook). The preloaded
Logic pro 9 software created a pathway for the midi signals sent through the
keyboard (midi controller) to be converted digitally into music notations. In addition,
4. the logic pro 9 afforded the team the opportunity to edit and remix the digitized
sound. Knowing that the logic pro 9 has its own limitations when it comes
comprehensive music notation editing, finale 2011 a music notation software was
involved to increase precision and accuracy of the musical notes. The same
procedures were followed for the second song, White kills freestyle. Although, the
previous song by Mos Def has lesser elements when juxtaposed with the second
song and that can be seen in figures 1 and 2. Both Music scores generated from
the above procedure were translated into chart and tables with the aid of Microsoft
office suite (Word and Excel) as shown in figure 3 and 4. Rap music used here
have constant rhythmic pattern such that some bars were deleted without losing
the structure. But this removal of bars might become problem should the message
of the rap be the focus. The bars were deleted using Un = 2n+1 to determine the
1st, 2nd, 3rd…..and last bar to be eliminated.
ORIGINAL MUSIC
White Boy Kills Freestyle and Mos Def Free-styling}
TRANSCRIPTION TO MUSICAL NOTES
White boy kills freestyle-figure 1
6. White boy kills freestyle-figure 4
The figures below (5 and 6) are quite important because the reversibility of the
process was tested and confirmed with the creation of the final theme song titled
“Life Matters.” The scores were generated from the mathematical aspect and
later scored using finale 2011 and logic pro 9.
7. MUSIC CREATED FROM REVERSE PROCEDURES
Life Matters vocal-figure 5
Life Matters full score-figure 6
8. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
We found a bridge between music and mathematics. We started by listening to
randomly selected music, (transcribed) the music to the paper music, then
converted the paper music to the numerical table, and finally converted the
numerical table to the graphical chart. These steps are reversible for the benefit of
those (mathematics lovers) that preferred working with numbers. It is quite
amazing how musical ideas of rappers were translated into mathematical model
(table and chart). The significance of this research is to confirm the need for proper
evaluation and consideration of natural abilities of scholars as tool that can help in
increasing number of scholars suffering from mathofobia.
On an average, many American scholars still lag behind their counterparts in some
other developed countries as indicated by the statistical result released by pew
research center on February 2nd 2015. This huge deficiency in mathematics
performance can be compensated for by increasing interest in the subject through
grassroots movement and programs. One of such movement is to create an
educational incentives for naturally endowed citizens to be encouraged, mentored
and tutored in such a way that will open up their mind and sub consciousness to
their giftedness in the area of ability to process mathematical information. Rappers
have been investigated scientifically to possess outstanding mental ability but little
has been done by the educational system in tapping into this gray area.
Surprisingly, educational system that supposed to be a neutral institution solely
devoted to the betterment of all people of the land has found itself caught up in
sociopolitical prejudice and preferential treatment. This political entanglement has
prevented the entire system from structural readjustment that will allow for
creativity and innovation in the area of math tutoring. It is my view that both music
and mathematics departments should be allowed to work together in order for help
create a lasting bridge between the two extremes. For American scholars to rise
in the math and science rankings then there is need for music or other social
science programs/fields not to be considered as an escape from fields that require
mathematics. We are not agitating for a system that will condole impenitent
attitudes form nonchalant scholars but what we are hoping for is an educational
system that would be holistic and wholistic in their approach to selection, tutoring
and mentoring of potential scholars. I will suggest that is time in our nation to
include student’s giftedness in our admission questionnaire. This approach will not
only give an idea about students’ previous academic endeavor but will afford
institutions of learning to detect to what degree is the plasticity of the students’
brain. In the present dispensation, many scholars have given up mathematics
because the system has failed to realize that student who have ability create to
logical freestyle rap might have undetected intuition for mathematics.
9. CONCLUSION
Sound music, paper music, the numerical tables and the graphical charts are in
equivalent relation. A musician is at the sound music end and mathematician is at
the numerical end. We used graphical charts to bridge the musicians and
mathematicians. Our effort was to debunk the idea that many people are born with
deficiency in learning Mathematics. I am of the speculation that some of the
rappers, disadvantage students and music enthusiasts would do better in
mathematics should they find some form of encouragement to help them realize
the abundance of abstract thinking capability at their disposal. Same ability of
dealing with abstract structures is much more dependent on in dealing with
mathematical problems. Probably, institutions of learning need to create
curriculum that can help musically gifted disadvantaged scholars to cross the
socio-political barrier preventing them from learning or appreciating mathematics.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) of the College of Science and
Technology at Texas Southern University supported this study. Special thanks to
Dr. Hyun-Min Hwang (director 2016 SURP) and Professor Tong Wu (mentor-
mathematics department).
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