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One common result of phospholipid signaling pathways downstream of G-protein activation is a
phenomenon by which waves and oscillations of calcium ions can be produced that sweep across
a cell. The statements below are characteristic of these calcium ion waves EXCEPT:
A. They are much slower than diffusion of calcium ions through the cytoplasm.
B. They maintain the same strength (i.e., calcium ion concentration peaks) throughout the wave.
C. They move in a directional pattern due to both positive and negative feedback mechanisms.
D. They occur due to opening and closing of phospholipid-gated ion channels in the ER
membrane.
E. They can be compared to how an action potential will travel along the membrane of an axon.

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