This document provides a summary of pelvic and genital organ anatomy as seen on cross-sectional imaging. It describes key bony landmarks of the pelvis including the sacrum, iliac bones, and pubic symphysis. It then outlines the major blood vessels including the common iliac artery and its branches. Finally, it details the muscles, urogenital organs, and gastrointestinal structures found within the male and female pelvis such as the bladder, uterus, and rectum.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdominal region in 3 sentences or less per section. It begins with the bones, muscles and diaphragm of the abdominal wall. Next, it details the abdominal aorta and its branches, as well as the portal and inferior vena cava veins. The remainder of the document describes the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs section by section, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys and more. Clinical cases are also mentioned. Diagrams and cross-sectional images supplement the textual descriptions.
The document provides an overview of chest anatomy, including the bony structures of the chest, muscles of the trunk, breathing muscles, circulatory system, respiratory system, and segments of the lungs. It also describes what can be seen on axial CT scans at different thoracic vertebral levels and provides examples of clinical cases involving chest pathologies that are demonstrated on various medical images.
This document provides an overview of spinal cord and vertebral column anatomy. It describes the different regions of the spinal cord and vertebral column, including the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions. It details the macroscopic anatomy of the spinal cord, including its segments, roots, meninges and internal structure. Cross-sectional views of the spinal cord are shown. The relationships between the spinal cord, dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater are described. Spinal nerve tracts and clinical presentations related to different spinal levels are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of an elective course on cross-sectional anatomy of the human body using medical imaging. It introduces various medical imaging modalities like CT, MRI, ultrasound and their appearances. It then describes in detail the anatomy of head and neck regions visible on axial and sagittal MRI slices at different levels from the skull base to the thorax. Selected clinical cases involving lesions of the neck, parotid glands and muscles are also presented to demonstrate clinical correlations. The goal is to familiarize medical students with cross-sectional anatomy and images commonly seen in clinical practice and exams.
The document discusses a student exchange program between Semmelweis University in Hungary and the State University of New York at Buffalo. Through the program, Hungarian medical students can complete 3-month rotations in various specialties at hospitals and medical centers in Buffalo. Requirements for applying include letters of recommendation, transcripts, proof of English proficiency, and deadlines of January 15. Accepted students will receive housing assistance and have the opportunity to apply for scholarships to offset costs of the program.
This document provides a summary of pelvic and genital organ anatomy as seen on cross-sectional imaging. It describes key bony landmarks of the pelvis including the sacrum, iliac bones, and pubic symphysis. It then outlines the major blood vessels including the common iliac artery and its branches. Finally, it details the muscles, urogenital organs, and gastrointestinal structures found within the male and female pelvis such as the bladder, uterus, and rectum.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdominal region in 3 sentences or less per section. It begins with the bones, muscles and diaphragm of the abdominal wall. Next, it details the abdominal aorta and its branches, as well as the portal and inferior vena cava veins. The remainder of the document describes the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs section by section, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys and more. Clinical cases are also mentioned. Diagrams and cross-sectional images supplement the textual descriptions.
The document provides an overview of chest anatomy, including the bony structures of the chest, muscles of the trunk, breathing muscles, circulatory system, respiratory system, and segments of the lungs. It also describes what can be seen on axial CT scans at different thoracic vertebral levels and provides examples of clinical cases involving chest pathologies that are demonstrated on various medical images.
This document provides an overview of spinal cord and vertebral column anatomy. It describes the different regions of the spinal cord and vertebral column, including the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions. It details the macroscopic anatomy of the spinal cord, including its segments, roots, meninges and internal structure. Cross-sectional views of the spinal cord are shown. The relationships between the spinal cord, dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater are described. Spinal nerve tracts and clinical presentations related to different spinal levels are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of an elective course on cross-sectional anatomy of the human body using medical imaging. It introduces various medical imaging modalities like CT, MRI, ultrasound and their appearances. It then describes in detail the anatomy of head and neck regions visible on axial and sagittal MRI slices at different levels from the skull base to the thorax. Selected clinical cases involving lesions of the neck, parotid glands and muscles are also presented to demonstrate clinical correlations. The goal is to familiarize medical students with cross-sectional anatomy and images commonly seen in clinical practice and exams.
The document discusses a student exchange program between Semmelweis University in Hungary and the State University of New York at Buffalo. Through the program, Hungarian medical students can complete 3-month rotations in various specialties at hospitals and medical centers in Buffalo. Requirements for applying include letters of recommendation, transcripts, proof of English proficiency, and deadlines of January 15. Accepted students will receive housing assistance and have the opportunity to apply for scholarships to offset costs of the program.
6. ADH, vazopresszin Fiziológiás hatása az antidiuretikus aktivitás. A vese gyűjtőcsatornáiban fokozza a vízvisszaszívást. Hiányában diabetes insipidusalakul ki (nagy mennyiségű, napi 20-40 liter vizelet ürítése). Oxytocin Simaizomkontrakciót okoz. Élettani szerepe a méhizomzat kontraktilitásának fokozása szülés alatt ill. az emlőmirigykivezetőcsöveiben található simaizomzat összehúzódásának kiváltása (a tej kilövellése). Termelődése reflexes szabályozás alatt áll.
7. Pajzsmirigy Tiroxin (T4) és trijódtironin (T3) Hatás alapanyagcsere fokozódása testhőmérséklet emelkedése szívfrekvencia fokozódása idegrendszeri működések fokozódása Túltermelés hyperthyreosis(Basedow-kór) testsúly csökkenése fokozott ingerlékenység exophtalmus Csökkent termelődés Hypothyreosis csökkent alapanyagcsere idegrendszeri aktivitás csökkenése Myxoedema Érellátás a. thyroideasuperior (a. carotisexterna) a. thyroideainferior (a. subclavia) Plexusthyroideusimpar, v. thyroideainf.
8. Ca-anyagcsere Mellékpajzsmirigy: parathormon (PTH) emeli a vér kalciumszintjét fokozza a csontfaló sejtek (osteoclast) aktivitását serkenti az aktív D-vitamin képződését a vesében fokozza a kalcium visszavételt Pajzsmirigy: kalcitonin csökkenti a vér kalciumszintjét fokozza a kalcium beépülését a csontokba Kalciumszint csökkenése: ideg- és izom-ingerlékenység; angolkór, rachitis Kalciumszint fokozódása (tetánia)
9. Mellékvese Érellátás a. phrenicainferior ág a. suprarenalis (aorta abdominalis) a. renalis ág Felépítés Kéregállomány Zonaglomerulosa (mineralokortikoidok) Zonafasciculata (glukokortikoidok) Zonareticularis (szexuálszteroidok) Velőállomány Noradrenalin és adrenalin
10. Mellékvesekéreg A só- és vízháztartásra ható hormonok (pl. aldoszteron) fokozzák a vesében a nátrium visszaszívását és a kálium leadását Szénhidrátháztartásra ható hormonok (pl. kortizol) emelik a vércukorszintet csökkentik a gyulladásos reakciókat csökkentik az immunreakciókat Anabolikus szteroidok fehérjefelépítő folyamatok fokozódása (izomtömeg!)
11. A vércukorszint jelentősége Vércukorszint: 4,5-5,5 mmol/l Fogyasztók: sejtek (energiaforrás) obligát fogyasztók: idegsejtek, vörösvérsejtek fakultatív fogyasztók: egyéb sejtek Inzulin-függő glükózfelvétel az izomsejtekbe és a zsírsejtekbe Utánpótlás: raktárakból és a táplálékkal Raktárak: glikogén a májban és az izomban, zsír formájában a zsírszövetben
12. A vércukorszint jelentősége A vércukorszintet emeli: adrenalin glukagon növekedési hormon glukokortikoidok pajzsmirigyhormonok A vércukorszintet csökkenti: inzulin
13. Az inzulin hatásai Fokozza a glükózfelvételt az izomba Elősegíti a glükóz zsírrá alakulását Gátolja a glikogénbontást a májban Fokozza a glikogénfelépítést Csökkenti a ketontestekképződését Inzulin hiányában: diabetes mellitus