Slide deck for the IPCC Briefing to Latvian Parliamentariansipcc-media
This document summarizes a briefing given by IPCC officials to members of the Latvian Parliament. It discusses the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report, focusing on mitigation pathways and options available now to halve emissions by 2030 in key sectors. Specific mitigation opportunities highlighted include building retrofits, urban solutions, and the crucial role of the built environment in achieving carbon neutrality. Adaptation strategies are also addressed, with examples given of the European Climate Mission providing support to update risk assessments and develop adaptation plans in focus areas like Latvia.
Climate change mitigation and adaptation options have the potential for synergies and trade-offs with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Mitigation and adaptation measures could support certain SDGs related to health, food security, cities and communities, while also potentially conflicting with economic and social development goals depending on how they are designed and implemented. Policymakers should consider these interactions to maximize co-benefits and minimize negative impacts across mitigation, adaptation and development efforts.
Food, agriculture, land, and water: Insights from AR6 and knowledge gaps for AR7ipcc-media
Climate change is impacting the global water cycle and leading to effects across many economic sectors and societies. Most documented adaptations relate to water, and water is central to adaptation, though effectiveness decreases with increased warming. Many mitigation measures have significant water footprints that must be managed to reduce impacts on water and food security. Knowledge gaps remain around transition pathways for the agricultural sector that balance mitigation, adaptation, and sustainable development.
Climate change is already impacting global food systems and future impacts are expected to be systemic, especially from increased heat. Climate change will raise risks of food insecurity, but climate adaptation of food systems can reduce these risks while also lowering greenhouse gas emissions. While climate adaptation in agriculture and food systems has received more attention, current adaptation efforts remain fragmented, small-scale, and focused more on planning than implementation.
Climate change, food, agriculture , land and A guide to findings in the IPCC’...ipcc-media
This document provides an overview of key findings from the IPCC's 6th assessment cycle regarding climate change impacts on food and water systems, risks of food systems and deforestation to climate change, climate change mitigation potentials, and synergies with sustainable development goals. It lists relevant figures from the IPCC reports and provides contact information for the IPCC Secretariat and Press Office.
Assessing the land sector potential in IPCC AR6 WGIIIipcc-media
The document discusses estimates of the land sector's potential to mitigate climate change from 2020-2050. It finds that the cost-effective potential (less than $100/ton of CO2) is estimated to be 8-14 gigatons of CO2 equivalent per year on average, which represents 24-42% of the sector's technical mitigation potential. Bottom-up sectoral models provide higher-resolution estimates at country and sub-national levels but have difficulty accounting for interactions between sectors, while integrated assessment models link all economic sectors but have coarser resolution and consider fewer land-based mitigation activities.
Overview of the IPCC Inventory Software for National Greenhouse Gas Inventori...ipcc-media
The document provides an overview of the latest version (2.89) of the IPCC Inventory Software for estimating national greenhouse gas inventories. Key points:
- Version 2.89 implements Tier 1-3 methods from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and elements of the 2019 Refinement to facilitate reporting to the UNFCCC.
- It allows estimation of emissions at subnational levels and includes functions for uncertainty analysis and interfacing with the UNFCCC reporting tool.
- The software guides users through the estimation process category-by-category and generates a JSON file that can be imported into the UNFCCC reporting tool.
Slide deck for the IPCC Briefing to Latvian Parliamentariansipcc-media
This document summarizes a briefing given by IPCC officials to members of the Latvian Parliament. It discusses the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report, focusing on mitigation pathways and options available now to halve emissions by 2030 in key sectors. Specific mitigation opportunities highlighted include building retrofits, urban solutions, and the crucial role of the built environment in achieving carbon neutrality. Adaptation strategies are also addressed, with examples given of the European Climate Mission providing support to update risk assessments and develop adaptation plans in focus areas like Latvia.
Climate change mitigation and adaptation options have the potential for synergies and trade-offs with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Mitigation and adaptation measures could support certain SDGs related to health, food security, cities and communities, while also potentially conflicting with economic and social development goals depending on how they are designed and implemented. Policymakers should consider these interactions to maximize co-benefits and minimize negative impacts across mitigation, adaptation and development efforts.
Food, agriculture, land, and water: Insights from AR6 and knowledge gaps for AR7ipcc-media
Climate change is impacting the global water cycle and leading to effects across many economic sectors and societies. Most documented adaptations relate to water, and water is central to adaptation, though effectiveness decreases with increased warming. Many mitigation measures have significant water footprints that must be managed to reduce impacts on water and food security. Knowledge gaps remain around transition pathways for the agricultural sector that balance mitigation, adaptation, and sustainable development.
Climate change is already impacting global food systems and future impacts are expected to be systemic, especially from increased heat. Climate change will raise risks of food insecurity, but climate adaptation of food systems can reduce these risks while also lowering greenhouse gas emissions. While climate adaptation in agriculture and food systems has received more attention, current adaptation efforts remain fragmented, small-scale, and focused more on planning than implementation.
Climate change, food, agriculture , land and A guide to findings in the IPCC’...ipcc-media
This document provides an overview of key findings from the IPCC's 6th assessment cycle regarding climate change impacts on food and water systems, risks of food systems and deforestation to climate change, climate change mitigation potentials, and synergies with sustainable development goals. It lists relevant figures from the IPCC reports and provides contact information for the IPCC Secretariat and Press Office.
Assessing the land sector potential in IPCC AR6 WGIIIipcc-media
The document discusses estimates of the land sector's potential to mitigate climate change from 2020-2050. It finds that the cost-effective potential (less than $100/ton of CO2) is estimated to be 8-14 gigatons of CO2 equivalent per year on average, which represents 24-42% of the sector's technical mitigation potential. Bottom-up sectoral models provide higher-resolution estimates at country and sub-national levels but have difficulty accounting for interactions between sectors, while integrated assessment models link all economic sectors but have coarser resolution and consider fewer land-based mitigation activities.
Overview of the IPCC Inventory Software for National Greenhouse Gas Inventori...ipcc-media
The document provides an overview of the latest version (2.89) of the IPCC Inventory Software for estimating national greenhouse gas inventories. Key points:
- Version 2.89 implements Tier 1-3 methods from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and elements of the 2019 Refinement to facilitate reporting to the UNFCCC.
- It allows estimation of emissions at subnational levels and includes functions for uncertainty analysis and interfacing with the UNFCCC reporting tool.
- The software guides users through the estimation process category-by-category and generates a JSON file that can be imported into the UNFCCC reporting tool.
The IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) is an open library launched in 2002 that contains emission factors and other parameters used to estimate national greenhouse gas emissions. It is regularly updated with new peer-reviewed data and its usage and downloaded data have increased over time. In 2023, a new upgraded version was released with enhanced search functions and data statistics. An annual meeting is held for editorial board members and data providers to discuss proposals for new data to include and ways to improve the database. Over 2,400 new data points were recently accepted for inclusion after robustness, applicability, and documentation criteria were met.
IPCC TFI work on Methodology Report on Short-lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs)ipcc-media
The IPCC decided to develop a new Methodology Report on Short-Lived Climate Forcers during the AR7 cycle. Expert meetings were held to analyze existing methodologies, identify knowledge gaps, and develop category and species lists. A scoping meeting will take place in 2024 to determine the report outline, authors, and workplan. The report will be developed over several years and author meetings, with reviews by experts, governments, and the IPCC before final publication in 2027.
Adaptation-Mitigation Synergies and Trade-offsipcc-media
Dr. Debora Ley presented at COP28 in Dubai on the Sixth Assessment Report from Working Group II on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. The presentation discussed adaptation and mitigation synergies and trade-offs, the feasibility of adaptation measures, and thanked the audience for their attention.
Adaptation-Mitigation Synergies and Tradeoffsipcc-media
This document discusses the synergies and tradeoffs between climate change adaptation and mitigation. It states that mitigation is critical to ensuring a wide range of effective adaptation options by limiting global warming increase. With increased warming, both human and natural systems will face greater losses and damages and exceed their limits of adaptation. The document also notes that response measures to climate change, like deployment of bioenergy crops, can impact food systems, ecosystems and water scarcity if used over large amounts of land. Dedicated bioenergy crops consistent with mitigation scenarios could require an area half the size of current global cropland.
Lessons learned and impacts of enhancing participation of young scientists in...ipcc-media
Sonia Seneviratne gave a presentation on involving youth and improving participation of young scientists in the IPCC process from a European perspective. She discussed how the climate crisis will impact future young generations the most. While young scientists made up 63% of first-time authors for the IPCC's AR6 report, most recurring authors were from Europe and North America. Barriers to participation for European youth included the extensive travel required for in-person meetings. Seneviratne concluded it is essential to better involve young people by having them serve as authors, observers, and stakeholders, and by reducing demands for travel through more virtual meetings while continuing support for less developed countries.
Opportunities for Early Career Scientists to Contribute to IPCC work & the IP...ipcc-media
This document outlines opportunities for early career scientists to contribute to and get involved with the IPCC assessment process, including the approved outline, nomination and selection of authors, expert reviews, and the IPCC Scholarship Programme. It notes key milestones in the AR7 assessment process such as scoping approval, internal/government reviews, and report approval. The IPCC Scholarship Programme provides opportunities for young scientists from developing countries to further their climate change studies and has awarded over 90 scholarships to date funded by various partners.
The IPCC Inventory Software for the Waste Sector allows for subnational disaggregation of waste data and implements methods for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from waste. It features a Waste Type Manager to centrally manage parameters for different waste categories. Users can select waste types and disposal sites to estimate methane emissions. The software also enables estimation of nitrous oxide from industrial wastewater and interoperates with UNFCCC reporting tools. A guidebook for the waste sector is under development.
Interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and IPCC Inventory Softw...ipcc-media
The document summarizes guidebooks being produced by the IPCC to support use of its inventory software. It describes guidebooks for the energy and AFOLU sectors that provide step-by-step guidance on using the software to estimate emissions for each category. It also describes a guide on land representation that explains how to characterize land types and units in the software's land managers. User feedback is sought to improve the guidebooks and address any issues.
Interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and the UNFCCC ETF Repor...ipcc-media
This document discusses interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and the UNFCCC ETF Reporting Tool to help countries meet their reporting obligations under the Paris Agreement. It outlines a 6-step process for countries to use the IPCC Software to estimate emissions, generate a JSON file, import this file into the ETF Tool to visualize and quality check their inventory data, and finally submit it to the UNFCCC. The goal is to promote consistency, reduce errors and burden, and provide organizational support to countries. Future releases of the IPCC Software will add additional sectors to be interoperable with the ETF Tool by June 2024.
Overview of the IPCC Inventory Software for National Greenhouse Gas Inventori...ipcc-media
The document provides an overview of the latest version (2.89) of the IPCC Inventory Software for estimating national greenhouse gas inventories. Version 2.89 implements Tier 1-3 methods from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and elements of the 2019 Refinement. It also facilitates interoperability with the UNFCCC reporting tool. The software allows subnational reporting, uses of mixed Tiers, and stores inventory data in a single database. Ongoing work includes developing a land representation tool and guidebook. The IPCC TSU provides support to users through documentation, help desk, and annual meetings.
Carbon Dioxide Removal to reach net-zero and return from overshootipcc-media
1) The document discusses key findings around carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).
2) AR6 defines CDR as activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it durably, including both natural and enhanced biological and geochemical sinks as well as direct air capture with storage.
3) AR6 assessed CDR methods and their effects, finding that feedbacks will determine CDR effectiveness in drawing down atmospheric CO2. Pathways in AR6 all involve some amount of CDR to balance residual emissions, but specific volumes depend on contextual factors.
The road ahead for the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Cities in AR7ipcc-media
The document discusses the upcoming IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Cities in AR7. It notes that the report is supported by several organizations and will involve contributions from all three IPCC working groups. It also discusses how the report will build upon cross-working group integration that began in AR6, examining topics like urban climate impacts, policy options, and the climate impacts of mitigation actions. The document asks what people are looking for in the upcoming Special Report and why.
Opportunities for scaling up climate actionipcc-media
The document discusses the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report and provides figures related to opportunities for scaling up climate action and projections of future global greenhouse gas emissions under different pathways. It references the IPCC AR6 SYR figures SPM.7 and SPM.2c without providing further context for the figures.
Energy System Transitions in the context of sustainable development: Findings...ipcc-media
This document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report regarding energy system transitions and sustainable development. It notes that options exist now to at least halve emissions by 2030 through reducing demand, electrification, and efficiency across energy, land use, transport, urban, buildings, and industry sectors. System transitions involve transforming end-use through electrification and efficiency, adopting new technologies and infrastructure, and changing behaviors. Cities influence emissions through urban form and infrastructure, with compact, mixed-use cities that shorten distances reducing sprawl. Demand-side changes through socio-cultural and technological innovations offer significant CO2 savings globally if they lower needs for supply and carbon removal. Future reports should further examine urban scenarios, costs
Transformational Mitigation For Industry Sectors Exposed To International Com...ipcc-media
This document discusses strategies for decarbonizing industrial sectors. It addresses the following:
- Replacing clinker with limestone and clay in cement can reduce emissions 40-50% with minimal costs, but adding carbon capture will likely have competitiveness impacts.
- Different decarbonization strategies will have varying costs and chances of leakage depending on if they are process changes or require new technologies.
- Getting deep mitigation technologies adopted in industry requires managing risks more than the technologies themselves, as first generations are more expensive.
- A transformational approach is needed including climate clubs with both exclusionary and inclusionary elements to reduce costs and risks while building clean industry markets and scale.
Insights from AR6 WGIII on energy system mitigation, in AR6 and Towards AR7 ipcc-media
This document summarizes key insights from the IPCC's AR6 report on mitigating climate change through energy system transitions. It outlines that reducing greenhouse gas emissions requires substantially reducing fossil fuel use, deploying low-emission energy sources, electrifying energy systems using renewable electricity, improving energy efficiency, and integrating energy systems. Transitioning away from fossil fuels could cost $1-4 trillion by 2050 but maintaining emission-intensive systems may be more expensive than transitioning to low-carbon alternatives. The energy transition will also shift investment patterns and create new economic opportunities while supporting other societal objectives like development and public health.
Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Changeipcc-media
The document appears to be from the Sixth Assessment Report from the Working Group III on Mitigation of Climate Change. It includes figures and discusses mitigation of climate change. It also looks ahead to the Seventh Assessment Report, suggesting this summarizes findings and looks towards future reports.
This document discusses the transition from the IPCC's 6th Assessment Report (AR6) to the 7th Assessment Report (AR7). It notes that AR7 will take a more action-oriented approach, examining the multiple dimensions of feasibility for climate actions including technological, economic, institutional, and societal factors. It also mentions that many climate actions require complex trade-offs. Additionally, the document announces that AR7 will include a special report on cities and climate change involving all three working groups of the IPCC. It provides details on the expertise needed for the scoping experts for this report.
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for the Working Group I of the IPCC's 7th Assessment Cycle on the physical science basis of climate change. It notes that the report could focus on more integration across working groups, solutions-oriented products, and regional information for policies. It also suggests producing a more concise report with less workload. Knowledge gaps around carbon sinks, water management, and tipping points are identified. The timing of WG1's assessment is discussed in relation to other working groups to better inform mitigation and adaptation.
The document outlines the roles and responsibilities of the IPCC Vice Chairs for the AR7 assessment report. It identifies Diana Urge-Vorsatz, Ramon Pichs-Madruga, and Ladislaus Chang'a as the three Vice Chairs. It describes their roles in areas such as inclusivity and diversity, liaising with other UN bodies and climate assessments, outreach to UNFCCC constituencies, and coordinating the three working groups.
The IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB) is an open library launched in 2002 that contains emission factors and other parameters used to estimate national greenhouse gas emissions. It is regularly updated with new peer-reviewed data and its usage and downloaded data have increased over time. In 2023, a new upgraded version was released with enhanced search functions and data statistics. An annual meeting is held for editorial board members and data providers to discuss proposals for new data to include and ways to improve the database. Over 2,400 new data points were recently accepted for inclusion after robustness, applicability, and documentation criteria were met.
IPCC TFI work on Methodology Report on Short-lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs)ipcc-media
The IPCC decided to develop a new Methodology Report on Short-Lived Climate Forcers during the AR7 cycle. Expert meetings were held to analyze existing methodologies, identify knowledge gaps, and develop category and species lists. A scoping meeting will take place in 2024 to determine the report outline, authors, and workplan. The report will be developed over several years and author meetings, with reviews by experts, governments, and the IPCC before final publication in 2027.
Adaptation-Mitigation Synergies and Trade-offsipcc-media
Dr. Debora Ley presented at COP28 in Dubai on the Sixth Assessment Report from Working Group II on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. The presentation discussed adaptation and mitigation synergies and trade-offs, the feasibility of adaptation measures, and thanked the audience for their attention.
Adaptation-Mitigation Synergies and Tradeoffsipcc-media
This document discusses the synergies and tradeoffs between climate change adaptation and mitigation. It states that mitigation is critical to ensuring a wide range of effective adaptation options by limiting global warming increase. With increased warming, both human and natural systems will face greater losses and damages and exceed their limits of adaptation. The document also notes that response measures to climate change, like deployment of bioenergy crops, can impact food systems, ecosystems and water scarcity if used over large amounts of land. Dedicated bioenergy crops consistent with mitigation scenarios could require an area half the size of current global cropland.
Lessons learned and impacts of enhancing participation of young scientists in...ipcc-media
Sonia Seneviratne gave a presentation on involving youth and improving participation of young scientists in the IPCC process from a European perspective. She discussed how the climate crisis will impact future young generations the most. While young scientists made up 63% of first-time authors for the IPCC's AR6 report, most recurring authors were from Europe and North America. Barriers to participation for European youth included the extensive travel required for in-person meetings. Seneviratne concluded it is essential to better involve young people by having them serve as authors, observers, and stakeholders, and by reducing demands for travel through more virtual meetings while continuing support for less developed countries.
Opportunities for Early Career Scientists to Contribute to IPCC work & the IP...ipcc-media
This document outlines opportunities for early career scientists to contribute to and get involved with the IPCC assessment process, including the approved outline, nomination and selection of authors, expert reviews, and the IPCC Scholarship Programme. It notes key milestones in the AR7 assessment process such as scoping approval, internal/government reviews, and report approval. The IPCC Scholarship Programme provides opportunities for young scientists from developing countries to further their climate change studies and has awarded over 90 scholarships to date funded by various partners.
The IPCC Inventory Software for the Waste Sector allows for subnational disaggregation of waste data and implements methods for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from waste. It features a Waste Type Manager to centrally manage parameters for different waste categories. Users can select waste types and disposal sites to estimate methane emissions. The software also enables estimation of nitrous oxide from industrial wastewater and interoperates with UNFCCC reporting tools. A guidebook for the waste sector is under development.
Interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and IPCC Inventory Softw...ipcc-media
The document summarizes guidebooks being produced by the IPCC to support use of its inventory software. It describes guidebooks for the energy and AFOLU sectors that provide step-by-step guidance on using the software to estimate emissions for each category. It also describes a guide on land representation that explains how to characterize land types and units in the software's land managers. User feedback is sought to improve the guidebooks and address any issues.
Interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and the UNFCCC ETF Repor...ipcc-media
This document discusses interoperability between the IPCC Inventory Software and the UNFCCC ETF Reporting Tool to help countries meet their reporting obligations under the Paris Agreement. It outlines a 6-step process for countries to use the IPCC Software to estimate emissions, generate a JSON file, import this file into the ETF Tool to visualize and quality check their inventory data, and finally submit it to the UNFCCC. The goal is to promote consistency, reduce errors and burden, and provide organizational support to countries. Future releases of the IPCC Software will add additional sectors to be interoperable with the ETF Tool by June 2024.
Overview of the IPCC Inventory Software for National Greenhouse Gas Inventori...ipcc-media
The document provides an overview of the latest version (2.89) of the IPCC Inventory Software for estimating national greenhouse gas inventories. Version 2.89 implements Tier 1-3 methods from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and elements of the 2019 Refinement. It also facilitates interoperability with the UNFCCC reporting tool. The software allows subnational reporting, uses of mixed Tiers, and stores inventory data in a single database. Ongoing work includes developing a land representation tool and guidebook. The IPCC TSU provides support to users through documentation, help desk, and annual meetings.
Carbon Dioxide Removal to reach net-zero and return from overshootipcc-media
1) The document discusses key findings around carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).
2) AR6 defines CDR as activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it durably, including both natural and enhanced biological and geochemical sinks as well as direct air capture with storage.
3) AR6 assessed CDR methods and their effects, finding that feedbacks will determine CDR effectiveness in drawing down atmospheric CO2. Pathways in AR6 all involve some amount of CDR to balance residual emissions, but specific volumes depend on contextual factors.
The road ahead for the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Cities in AR7ipcc-media
The document discusses the upcoming IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Cities in AR7. It notes that the report is supported by several organizations and will involve contributions from all three IPCC working groups. It also discusses how the report will build upon cross-working group integration that began in AR6, examining topics like urban climate impacts, policy options, and the climate impacts of mitigation actions. The document asks what people are looking for in the upcoming Special Report and why.
Opportunities for scaling up climate actionipcc-media
The document discusses the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report and provides figures related to opportunities for scaling up climate action and projections of future global greenhouse gas emissions under different pathways. It references the IPCC AR6 SYR figures SPM.7 and SPM.2c without providing further context for the figures.
Energy System Transitions in the context of sustainable development: Findings...ipcc-media
This document summarizes key findings from the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report regarding energy system transitions and sustainable development. It notes that options exist now to at least halve emissions by 2030 through reducing demand, electrification, and efficiency across energy, land use, transport, urban, buildings, and industry sectors. System transitions involve transforming end-use through electrification and efficiency, adopting new technologies and infrastructure, and changing behaviors. Cities influence emissions through urban form and infrastructure, with compact, mixed-use cities that shorten distances reducing sprawl. Demand-side changes through socio-cultural and technological innovations offer significant CO2 savings globally if they lower needs for supply and carbon removal. Future reports should further examine urban scenarios, costs
Transformational Mitigation For Industry Sectors Exposed To International Com...ipcc-media
This document discusses strategies for decarbonizing industrial sectors. It addresses the following:
- Replacing clinker with limestone and clay in cement can reduce emissions 40-50% with minimal costs, but adding carbon capture will likely have competitiveness impacts.
- Different decarbonization strategies will have varying costs and chances of leakage depending on if they are process changes or require new technologies.
- Getting deep mitigation technologies adopted in industry requires managing risks more than the technologies themselves, as first generations are more expensive.
- A transformational approach is needed including climate clubs with both exclusionary and inclusionary elements to reduce costs and risks while building clean industry markets and scale.
Insights from AR6 WGIII on energy system mitigation, in AR6 and Towards AR7 ipcc-media
This document summarizes key insights from the IPCC's AR6 report on mitigating climate change through energy system transitions. It outlines that reducing greenhouse gas emissions requires substantially reducing fossil fuel use, deploying low-emission energy sources, electrifying energy systems using renewable electricity, improving energy efficiency, and integrating energy systems. Transitioning away from fossil fuels could cost $1-4 trillion by 2050 but maintaining emission-intensive systems may be more expensive than transitioning to low-carbon alternatives. The energy transition will also shift investment patterns and create new economic opportunities while supporting other societal objectives like development and public health.
Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Changeipcc-media
The document appears to be from the Sixth Assessment Report from the Working Group III on Mitigation of Climate Change. It includes figures and discusses mitigation of climate change. It also looks ahead to the Seventh Assessment Report, suggesting this summarizes findings and looks towards future reports.
This document discusses the transition from the IPCC's 6th Assessment Report (AR6) to the 7th Assessment Report (AR7). It notes that AR7 will take a more action-oriented approach, examining the multiple dimensions of feasibility for climate actions including technological, economic, institutional, and societal factors. It also mentions that many climate actions require complex trade-offs. Additionally, the document announces that AR7 will include a special report on cities and climate change involving all three working groups of the IPCC. It provides details on the expertise needed for the scoping experts for this report.
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for the Working Group I of the IPCC's 7th Assessment Cycle on the physical science basis of climate change. It notes that the report could focus on more integration across working groups, solutions-oriented products, and regional information for policies. It also suggests producing a more concise report with less workload. Knowledge gaps around carbon sinks, water management, and tipping points are identified. The timing of WG1's assessment is discussed in relation to other working groups to better inform mitigation and adaptation.
The document outlines the roles and responsibilities of the IPCC Vice Chairs for the AR7 assessment report. It identifies Diana Urge-Vorsatz, Ramon Pichs-Madruga, and Ladislaus Chang'a as the three Vice Chairs. It describes their roles in areas such as inclusivity and diversity, liaising with other UN bodies and climate assessments, outreach to UNFCCC constituencies, and coordinating the three working groups.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
BASIC CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENT AND DIFFERENT CONSTITUTENET OF ENVIRONMENT
Oceans & Coastal Systems
1. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT
Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
Many adaptations are
feasible & effective to
address ocean impacts
IPCC WGII Ch. 3, 2022. Figure 3.24