This document provides dietary guidelines for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. It recommends a low-calorie, normal protein diet with restricted carbohydrates and fat, high fiber, and liberal fluids. For obesity, it suggests reducing calorie intake by 500 calories per week to lose 0.5kg. For diabetes, it discusses types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, complications and management through diet, drugs, exercise and education.

1. Dietary Guidelines for
Obesity, Diabetic &
Hypertension
KusumaNeela Bolla M.Sc,M.B.A
Nutrition Specialist

3. cause
s
Physical
activity
Eating
habits
Age &
Sex
Genetic
factors
Stress
Endocrin
e factors
Trauma

6. Dietary principal: low calorie, normal protein, vitamin,
mineral expect sodium, restricted CHO, restricted fat, high
fiber, liberal fluids
 Energy : 20k.cal / kg bdwt
 Protein : 0.8 to 1g/kg bdwt
 Fat : 0.5g / kg bdwt
 Mineral: sodium is reduced
 Vitamins: A & D
 High fiber : 50g / day

7.  Never skip breakfast
 Get plenty of sleep
 Eat regularly
 Don’t try to loss weight too quickly
 Make fruits and vegetables your best friends
 Keep moving
 Don’t deny yourself the food you enjoy
 Watch what you drink as well as eat
 Avoid extremes of any kind
 Streamline cooking

8. Based on range on obesity 300- 500k.cal / day reduce 0.5kg/ week

9. Diabetes
Diabetes is known as a
disorder of
carbohydrates
metabolized
characterized by high
blood sugar level
(hyperglycemia) and
high levels of glucose in
urine (glycosuria)

10. Types of Diabetes
 Type 1 DM or Insulin Dependent DM or Juvenile Onset
DM
 Type 2 DM or Noninsulin Dependent DM or Adult Onset
DM
 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
 Malnutrition Related Diabetes Mellitus

11. Causes
 Genetics
 infection: caxsaxkie B4 virus
 Exocrine pancreatic defects
 Thyroid hormone
 Sedentary life style
 Drugs : glucocorticoids other

12. Symptoms
 Polydipsia
 Polyphogia
 Polyuria
 Dehydration
 Fatigue & weight loss
 Glycosuria
 Hyperglycaemia
 Acidosis
 Fluid electrolyticimbalance

13. Diagnosis
NORMAL VALUE:
(Plasma)
Fasting blood sugar - 70-110mg/dl
Random blood sugar - 120-
140mg/dl
Post paridal - 140-200mg/dl
Glycosylated hemoglobin : Normal
≥ 6.5%
Blood test
Urine test

14. Diabetic
complications

15. MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES:
The main modes of treatment of diabetes:
1. Diet and diet counseling.
2. Drugs
3. Exercise
4. Education (dietary guidelines).
 THE USUAL DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENTS IN
THE DIET:
Carbohydrates - 55-60%
Proteins - 20% or 1g/kg bd wt
Fats - 20-25%

16. Ground nut oil 1tsp
Sunflower oil 1 tsp
Ghee 1tsp

20. cartoonstock.com

22. =
2300
mg
sodium
= 40%
sodium
Sodium

23. Kempner’s diet
DASH Diet
Kempner’s diet means rice-fruit-sugar diet
High sodium foods
1. Salt
2. Baking powder
3. Bicarbonate of soda
4. Canned foods
5. Salted nuts
6. Salted meat
7. Pappads
8. Sodium benzoate
9. Others

24. DASH PYRAMID

25. Be Physically Active
Intentional exercise
Walking
Running
Cycling
Swimming
Active lifestyle
 Take the stairs
Walk to work
Sit less, move more