The birthstones for November are topaz and citrine. Topaz comes in various colors and measures 8 on the Mohs hardness scale. It is mined in many countries around the world and in ancient times was believed to have various powers. Citrine is a variety of quartz that ranges in color from yellow to brown and is produced in countries like Brazil, Argentina, and Russia. It was thought in ancient cultures to have properties like increasing psychic abilities and bringing prosperity.

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2. The birthstone for the month of November is
Topaz and Citrine.
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The name comes from the Greek word
‘topazios’ which was the name of an island in
the Red Sea, but there is also evidence that
traces the name back the the Indian ancient
language of Sanskrit and the word ‘topas’ or
‘tapaz’ which means ‘fire.’
Citrine was named after the French word
‘citron’ which translated to ‘lemon’ although
the stone is more golden in colour than lemon
yellow.
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3. About Topaz
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Topaz measures 8 on the Mohs hardness scale.
There have been a number of large topazes with
blue ones weighing 100-kilometres found in 1964 in
the Ukraine.
And the most famous is a large one set in the
Portuguese Crown named the ‘Braganza’ which was
at first believed to be a diamond.
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4. Topaz is an aluminum and fluorine silicate
mineral, which comes in various colors including:
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Blue
Brown
Orange
Grey
Yellow
Green
Pink
Reddish pink
A colourless variety is considered pure topaz.
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5. Topaz is mined in:
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Russia
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Afghanistan 
Sri Lanka
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Czech Republic
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Norway
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Pakistan
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Germany
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Sweden
Italy
Japan
Brazil
Mexico
Australia
Nigeria
United States
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6. Folklore Points to the Topaz
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Topaz includes the ability to bring great strength, as
was believed by ancient Greeks.
During the Renaissance in Europe topaz was
believed to relieve anger and dispel evil spells.
In India, the gem was supposed to bring long
life, beauty and intelligence if worn above the heart.
Ancient Egyptians thought the golden glow from the
Sun God Ra coloured the stone and Romans
connected it to their Sun God Jupiter.
In the Middle Ages, it was believed that the cosmos
were reflected in the topaz and the gem was
assigned to the planet Venus.
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7. Healing powers connected to Topaz
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Improving eyesight.
The curing of insomnia, asthma and
hemorrhages.
The gem was also believed to change colours
when near poisoned food or drink.
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8. About Citrine
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Citrine is a variety of quartz and can be found
in colours ranging from yellow to brown. It
measures 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness.
Citrine, known as the ‘stone of the mind,’ was
used in ancient cultures that believed it
increased psychic powers if placed on the
forehead.
It has also been called the ‘merchants stone’
or the ‘success stone’ where the placement of
one in a cash register was said to bring about
much luck in sales thereby generating
increased revenue.
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Producers of Citrine
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Brazil is the major producer of citrine.
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Argentina
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Russia
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Bolivia
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Scotland
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France
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Uruguay
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Madagascar 
Spain
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Burma
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Zambia
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10. Healing properties connected to Citrine
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Increasing self-esteem, , protection from
negative thoughts, the opening of the mind
to new ideas as well as clarity of thought.
It was also used to assist with digestion,
calming of nerves, relief from depression
and was believed to bring joy and love to
whoever owned one.
It was believed to assist with thyroid
disorders, heart, liver and kidney issues and
was supposed to be very powerful in
helping one overcome various physical
addictions, fears and phobias.
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