Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two 9-player teams who alternate batting and fielding. The objective is for the batting team to score runs by hitting a ball thrown by the pitcher and running around four bases, while the fielding team aims to get batters and runners out. A game consists of 9 innings with each team batting in half an innings, and the team with the most runs at the end wins.

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2. BASEBALL

3. BASEBALL
Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams, of nine players each, that take
turns batting and fielding. The game proceeds when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a
ball which a player on the batting team tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team)
is to hit the ball into the field of play, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-
clockwise around four bases to score what are called "runs". The objective of the defensive team (fielding
team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run
is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where
the player started as a batter). The team that scores the most runs by the end of the game is the winner.
The first objective of the batting team is to have a player reach first base safely. A player on the batting team
who reaches first base without being called "out" can attempt to advance to subsequent bases as a runner,
either immediately or during teammates' turns batting. The fielding team tries to prevent runs by getting batters
or runners "out", which forces them out of the field of play. Both the pitcher and fielders have methods of
getting the batting team's players out. The opposing teams switch back and forth between batting and fielding;
the batting team's turn to bat is over once the fielding team records three outs. One turn batting for each team
constitutes an inning. A game is usually composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of
runs at the end of the game wins. If scores are tied at the end of nine innings, extra innings are usually played.
Baseball has no game clock, although most games end in the ninth inning.
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5. HISTORY OF BASEBALL
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The history of baseball can be broken down into various aspects:
by era, by locale, by organizational-type, game evolution, as well
as by political and cultural influence. The game evolved from older
bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-
18th century. This game was brought by immigrants to North
America, where the modern version developed. By the late 20th
century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of
the United States. Baseball is popular in North America and parts
of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and East Asia,
particularly in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6. HISTORY OF BASEBALL

7. BASEBALL FACILITIES
Bases
The three bases and home plate make up a diamond, with 90 feet
between each of the bases. From Home to Second Base is 127' 3
3/8". The distance between the pitcher's rubber and home plate in
baseball is 60 feet, 6 inches. The home plate is 17 inches wide.
Pitcher Mound
The Pitchers Mound is 60' 6" in front of the home plate, in the line
between home plate and second base.
Outfield
The original rules of baseball did not specify the minimum size of the
outfield. Consequently, there are outfields of very differing sizes.
Most professional ball parks in the USA were built to the confines
that the city offered them

8. BASEBALL FACILITIES AND
EQUIPMENT

9. BASEBALL EQUIPMENTS
BAT- A rounded, solid wooden or hollow
aluminum bat. Wooden bats are traditionally
made from ash wood, though maple and
bamboo is also sometimes used. Aluminum
bats are not permitted in professional
leagues, but are frequently used in amateur
leagues. Composite bats are also available,
essentially wooden bats with a metal rod
inside. Bamboo bats are also becoming
popular.

10. BASEBALL EQUIPMENTS
BALL- A cork sphere, tightly wound
with layers of yarn or string and
covered with a stitched leather coat.

11. BASEBALL EQUIPMENTS
BASE- One of four corners of the
infield which must be touched by a
runner in order to score a run; more
specifically, they are canvas bags (at
first, second, and third base) and a
rubber plate (at home).

12. BASEBALL EQUIPMENTS
GLOVES- Leather gloves worn by
players in the field. Long fingers
and a webbing between the thumb
and first finger allows the fielder to
catch the ball more easily.

13. BASEBALL EQUIPMENTS
CATCHER’S MITT- Leather mitt worn by catchers. It is much wider
than a normal fielder's glove and the four fingers are connected. The
mitt is also better-padded than the standard fielder's glove.

14. BASEBALL EQUIPMENTS
FIRST BASEMAN MITT- Leather mitt worn by first
basemen. It is longer and wider than a standard fielder's
glove. The four fingers are connected and the glove is
rounded like a catcher's mitt. A first baseman's mitt has a
bit more padding than a standard fielder's glove

15. BASEBALL EQUIPMENTS
BATTING GLOVES- Gloves
often worn on one or both hands
by the batter. They offer
additional grip and eliminate
some of the shock when making
contact with the ball.

16. BASEBALL EQUIPMENTS
BATTING HELMET- Helmet worn by
batter to protect the head and the ear
facing the pitcher from the ball.
Professional models have only one ear
protector (left ear for right-handed batters,
right ear for lefties), amateur and junior
helmets usually have ear protectors on
both sides, for better protection from
loose balls, and to reduce costs to teams
(all players can use the same style of
helmet).

17. BASEBALL EQUIPMENTS
CAP- Hat worn by all
players. Designed to shade
the eyes from the sun, this
hat design has become
popular with the general
public.

18. BASEBALL EQUIPMENTS
CATCHER’S HELEMET- Protective helmet with face mask worn by
the catcher. Newer styles feature a fully integrated helmet and mask,
similar to a hockey goalie mask. More traditional versions were a
separate mask worn over a helmet similar to a batting helmet, but
with no ear protection and worn backwards.

19. BASEBALL MECHANICS OF THE GAME
Object of the Game
The object of baseball is to score more runs than your opponent. The idea is to hit the ball thrown at you as far
can before running around 4 bases to complete a run. Once a player manages to get around the four bases
tagged out, then another batter steps in.
A game is played out between two teams, each made up of 9 players. The game lasts for 9 innings with each
alternating between batting and fielding in each inning. The scores at the end of the innings are added to a
score and the team with most points wins. Each team has three outs per inning before they then swap roles.
can be broken down into the top (where the away team bats), and the bottom (where the home team bats).
The field is split into two sections: infield and outfield. Separating the infield and outfield is a diamond shape
bases, spaced at 90 feet apart each. In the center of the infield is the pitching mound where the pitcher stands
throws the ball toward the batter. The batter stands at the home plate. The other three bases are known as first
second base and third base. The batter must touch all bases before successfully scoring a run.
The bats are made out of either wood, aluminium or metal materials. The ball is white with red stitching and
3 inches in diameter. The fielding team wear ‘mits’, which are basically an oversized glove to help them catch
up the ball. The catcher (standing behind the batter to catch any balls missed) wears extra padding in their
with leg guards, a body pad, and a helmet.

20. BASEBALL MECHANICS OF THE GAME
Scoring
To score, a batter must hit the ball with the bat into the designated fielding area and make it around all four
(before the fielding team is able to collect the ball and throw it to the base the batter is running to). A player
mandatory point if they hit a home run, which usually means the ball has left the playing area, often landing
crowd. A player can stop at any base if they feel they might not make it to the next base before being tagged
Players can score multiple points from one hit if more than one player is already on one of the bases. When
the phrase 'the bases are loaded', this refers to the instance where there is a player on every base. So, every
successfully makes it to first base, the other players on the second and third bases are able to trickle home,
point for their team each time. Depending on how many players get around to home plate before being tagged
depend on how many points you score. A maximum of four points can be scored on one hit.
Winning the Game
To win a game, you must outscore your opposition through the 9 innings played. The team with the most
innings is deemed the winner. In the event of a tie, extra innings are played until a winner has been concluded.

21. BASEBALL MECHANICS OF THE GAME
Rules of Baseball
•Baseball has two teams of 9 players.
•The fielding team’s positions are made up of a pitcher, catcher, first baseman, second baseman, shortstop, third baseman, and
outfielders at left field, centre field and right field.
•Games last for 9 innings of which both teams get to bat once. If the game is a tie after 9 innings then an extra inning will be
a winner is found. If the team batting second in the bottom of the 9th inning are already ahead in points, then they do not
complete their batting innings.
•Once a batting order is picked, then it cannot be changed throughout the game. Substitutes are permitted, however, they
order of the previous player whom they replaced.
•If the batter manages to hit the ball from the pitcher, they must make an effort to at least get to first base. They can then run to
bases as they wish before being tagged out. Each base must be touched with some part of the batters body when running past.
•A batter gets up to three strikes before getting out. A strike is deemed when a batter swings for a ball and misses it. The batter
the ball but, if it’s within a certain area (called the 'strike zone'), then a strike will also be given. If four balls miss the strike
batter does not swing their bat, they can walk to first base.
•When on base, the batter can run to the next base at any point.
•Players can be dismissed by either a 'strike out' (referring to a batsman missing the ball three times), 'force out' (when a
make the base before the defensive player), 'fly out' (when the ball is hit in the air and caught without it bouncing), and 'tag
a defensive player with the ball tags the batsman with the ball all whilst they are running).

22. NOPIA, MARC CHRISTIAN B.
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