The document provides guidance on writing news stories, including using an inverted pyramid structure that moves from most important to least important information. It discusses using summary leads that focus on the most important facts like who, what, when, where, why or how. Direct quotes should be linked to the previous information and not repeat it. Transitions between paragraphs are important to link the information and flow, and can be facts, indirect quotes or partial quotes. The document also outlines common pitfalls to avoid in news writing.

1. By Jeanne Acton, UIL & ILPC Journalism Director
News Writing
Let’s talk about …

2. News Writing …
gives the reader information that will
impact them in some way. It usually
flows from most important to least
important.
“What is news? It is information only.” ­
Walter Cronkite, former CBS News
anchor

3. Checklist for News
Stories
 Are the most important and recent facts first?
 Is the story accurate? Are the sources identified
fully?
 Are the paragraphs short?
 Is the sentence structure varied in the story?
 Is the story neat and double­spaced so that it is easy
to read?
Does your story flow? Did you use the
transition/quote formula?
 Did you use active voice?

4. Pitfalls to Avoid
 Editorializing ­ Keep your opinion out of the
story
 Using first and second person ­ Keep yourself
out of the story. Common error “our school”
 Missing the news peg
 Messy handwriting, poor grammar and spelling
 Paragraphs too long
 Misspelling names in the story
Trying to use all of the information

5. Transition/Q
uoteForm
ula
Lead:
Most important information. Focus on newest
information. Focus on the future.
Additional Information:
Important information not found in the lead.
Sometimes not needed.
Direct Quote:
Connects to the additional information or lead.
Use more than one sentence.
Trans
ition:
Next important fact or opinion for the story .
Use transition words to help story flow . Transi-
tion can be a fact, indirect quote or partial
quote.
Direct Quote:
Connects to the first transition. Use more than
one sentence. Do not repeat the transition in the
quote. DQ should elaborate on the transition.
DQ should give details, opinions, etc.
Trans
ition:
Next important fact or opinion for the story .
Use transition words to help story flow . Transi-
tion can be a fact, indirect quote or partial
quote.
and so on... until the story is complete
Direct Quote:
Connects to the second transition. Use more
than one sentence. Do not repeat the transition
in the quote. DQ should elaborate on the transi-
tion. DQ should give details, opinions, etc.
Lin
ke
d
Lin
ke
d
Lin
ke
d
S
id
eN
o
te
s
:
1) Eachbo
xis
ane
wap
ara-
g
raph.
2)Story
should f
low
fromm
ost
im
portant to
le
ast im
portant
inform
ation.

6. Let’s start
at the
beginning
with …

7. Lea
ds
Let’s talk about

8. L
ead:
Most important information. Focus on newest
information. Focus on the future.
Question to ask yourself:
What do my readers need to know most???

9. Lead
s Most straight news leads
should be summary leads.
That means they summarize
the 5 Ws and H of the story,
starting off with the most
important W or H.

11. T
y
pesofN
ew
sL
eads:
Rarelyusethese...
“Whole
ad”- be
g
insw
ithape
rs
on. Thepe
rs
on
isus
uallynotthem
os
tim
portantfactof thes
tory
.
“Whe
nle
ad”- be
g
insw
ithtim
e
. Rare
lyisthe
tim
ethem
os
tim
porantfactor.
“Whe
rele
ad”- be
g
insw
iththeplace
.Hardly
e
ve
r isw
he
rethem
os
tim
portantfactor.

12. T
ypesofN
ew
sL
eads:
Usetheseoften...
“Howle
ad”- be
g
insw
iththehowof thes
tor
y
.
Us
e
dofte
n.
“Whyle
ad”- be
g
insw
iththecaus
ethes
tory.
Us
e
dofte
n.
“Whatle
ad”- be
g
insw
iththefactof thes
tory
.
Us
e
dofte
n.

13. Who lead
President Barack Obama will make a brief
appearance at the high school Thursday after giving
a speech at the County Expo Center.
Principal Joe Blow announced Tuesday that
students will no longer be allowed to leave campus
for lunch due to excessive tardies.
Not so good…
Better…

14. When lead
On Saturday President Barack Obama will speak to the
senior class about how important community organizing
and volunteering are to the country.
On Tuesday Principal Joe Blow announced that students
will no longer be able to leave campus for lunch.
Not so good…
Better…

15. Where lead
Maybe … probably yes.
In the principal’s office, the senior class dumped 30
pounds of sand to protest the cancellation of the senior
trip to Cancun.
Avoid where leads
At the school board meeting on Tuesday, Principal Joe
Blow announced that he has ended the off­campus lunch
policy.

16. How lead
Through a grass roots voting effort,
senior Gilbert Castillo won the mayoral
election to become the youngest mayor in
the city’s history.

17. Why lead
Because they wanted to carry on the
tradition, four seniors streaked across the
football stadium during the homecoming
pep rally wearing a paper leis and tennis
shoes.

18. What lead
The Harry Potter series and Lord
of the Rings series will be removed
from all school libraries this fall.

20. Don’t use the first or second person. Use the
third person.
In the inverted pyramid style, don’t use
names that are unfamiliar to your readers –
replace with a descriptor.
For example:
Correct: A bystander leapt to the aid of an injured
woman today when ….
Not Correct: David Freitas leapt to the aid of an
injured woman today when….
The reason: What happened is most interesting.
The name is distracting. So you name
him in the second paragraph: David Freitas had
just left work when he spotted a car
aimed … , he said.

24. Direct
Quotes
Let’s talk about

25. Direct Quotes:
 Should be linked to the transition/lead before them. The
quote should elaborate on the transition.
For example:
President Barack Obama will make a brief
appearance at the high school Thursday after giving a
speech at the County Expo Center.
“He is coming as a favor to me,” Principal Ike
Sumter said. “We worked together in Chicago as
community organizers. I hope he gets a chance to speak
to some seniors about what they can do for their
country.”

26. Direct Quotes:
 Should not repeat the transition/lead before them.
For example:
President Barack Obama will make a brief appearance
at the high school Thursday after giving a speech at the
County Expo Center.
“ After speaking at the Expo Center, the candidate will
come to the high school for a short appearance,” Principal
Ike Sumter said.

27.  Can be longer than one sentence.
Direct Quotes:
Should have attribution after the first sentence of
the quote.
Attribution should be: Noun then verb.
For example:
Correct ­ senior Bob Rodriguez said.
Incorrect ­ said senior Bob Rodriguez.
(unless you have an unusually long title)
Do not place two people’s direct quotes next to
each other without a transition.

28. Some punctuation rules:
1. Use “said.” Don’t use anything else in
this class – don’t say ‘mentioned’ and
don’t say ‘explained.’
2. In this class, tuck the “said” at the end
of the sentence or in the middle of the
sentence unless the veracity of the
statement is at stake or if there could be
some confusion about who is speaking.
Then place the “(Name) said” at the
beginning of the sentence.

29. Transitions
Let’s talk about

30. Transitions
 VERY, VERY IMPORTANT. Hold the story together.
Link the paragraphs together.
Can be fact, indirect quote or a partial quote.
For example ­ FACT TRANSITION:
(lead) Former Republican presidential candidate John
McCain will speak to seniors Friday about his experience as
a prisoner of war.
(Direct Quote)“Seniors will learn a lot about duty and
commitment when they hear Sen. McCain,” Principal Ike
Sumter said. “We are so excited that he agreed to come.”
(Fact Transition) During the Vietnam War, Sen. McCain
was a prisoner of war for five years.

31. Transitions
 Can be fact, indirect quote or a partial quote.
For example ­ INDIRECT QUOTE TRANSITION:
(lead) Former Republican presidential candidate
John McCain will speak to seniors Friday about his
experience as a prisoner of war.
(Direct Quote)“Seniors will learn a lot about
duty and commitment when they hear Sen. McCain,
” Principal Ike Sumter said. “We are so excited that
he agreed to come.”
(IQ Transition) Sumter said he was moved after
hearing Sen. McCain speak about his
imprisonment.

32. Can be fact, indirect quote or a partial quote.
For example ­ PARTIAL QUOTE TRANSITION:
(lead)Former Republican presidential candidate
John McCain will speak to seniors Friday about his
experience as a prisoner of war.
(Direct Quote)“Seniors will learn a lot about duty
and commitment when they hear Sen. McCain,”
Principal Ike Sumter said. “We are so excited that he
agreed to come.”
(Partial Quote Transition) Sumter said he “had tears
in his eyes” when he heard Sen. McCain speak about his
imprisonment.
Transitions

33. (lead)Former Republican presidential
candidate John McCain will speak to seniors
Friday about his experience as a prisoner of war.
(Direct Quote)“Seniors will learn a lot about
duty and commitment when they hear Sen.
McCain,” Principal Ike Sumter said. “We are so
excited that he agreed to come.”
(Partial Quote Transition) Sumter said he
“had tears in his eyes” when he heard Sen.
McCain speak about his imprisonment.
What comes
next??

34. The T/Q formula
Sumter said he “had tears in his eyes” when he
heard Sen. McCain speak about his imprisonment.
“It is amazing what this man survived,” Sumter
said. “He was tortured daily, but every day he told
his fellow soldiers to hold their head high. Someone
was coming for them.”
Sen. McCain said the experience was a “living
hell,” but he never gave up hope.
“I knew I would make it back to American soil
one day,” he said. “Hope is always alive, and that
was part of my message as a presidential candidate,
too.”

35. Use transitional words to help with the flow
(as needed): After all, Also, Finally, In
addition, However, Otherwise, Then
For example:
In addition to speaking about his
experience as a prisoner of war, McCain also
plans to talk to students about the importance
of voting.
Transitions

36. Transition/Q
uoteForm
ula
Lead:
Most important information. Focus on newest
information. Focus on the future.
Additional Information:
Important information not found in the lead.
Sometimes not needed.
Direct Quote:
Connects to the additional information or lead.
Use more than one sentence.
Transition:
Next important fact or opinion for the story .
Use transition words to help story flow . Transi-
tion can be a fact, indirect quote or partial
quote.
Direct Quote:
Connects to the first transition. Use more than
one sentence. Do not repeat the transition in the
quote. DQ should elaborate on the transition.
DQ should give details, opinions, etc.
Transition:
Next important fact or opinion for the story .
Use transition words to help story flow . Transi-
tion can be a fact, indirect quote or partial
quote.
and so on... until the story is complete
Direct Quote:
Connects to the second transition. Use more
than one sentence. Do not repeat the transition
in the quote. DQ should elaborate on the transi-
tion. DQ should give details, opinions, etc.
Lin
ke
d
Lin
ke
d
Lin
ke
d
S
id
eN
o
te
s
:
1) Eachbo
xis
ane
wap
ara-
g
raph.
2)Story
should f
low
fromm
ost
im
portant to
le
ast im
portant
inform
ation.
What types of
leads should
you use more?
Where
should you
place the
attribution
for a direct
quote?
How many
sentences
can a
direct
quote be?
What is the
purpose of the
transition?
What can a
transition
be?
Following a
transition,
what should a
direct quote
do?
Let’s Review …

37. What went wrong?
During the 2010­11 school year, our school has reported
22 fights so far. Last year, the school had 18 total fights.
“One of my friends got in a fight, but he didn’t start it. He
was defending himself,” said freshman Andy Opel.
In response to the escalating fights, the school district
hired the Teen Conflict Resolution Team to help students
solve disagreements through non­violent solutions.
After March 23, any student caught fighting on campus
must complete a TCRT non­violence workshop, in addition
to normal disciplinary actions.
“Students have to learn how to solve life’s problems
without violence, and this program will teach our students
just that,” said Mr. Brown.
“Now students will get suspended and be forced to attend
this program,” Opal said. “That’s just too much.”

38. Prompt Activity
1. Read the entire prompt.
2. Review it again, looking for the newest information.
Underline that information.
3. Highlight or underline the 5Ws and H.
4. Highlight or underline the most important people
interviewed. Highlight or underline the most essential
quotes.
5. Scratch out stupid, inane quotes.
6. Pay attention to the “Additional Information.”
7. Write your lead. How, why or what lead.

39. Prompt Activity
8. Write an additional info. paragraph if needed.
9. Use a direct quote (more than one sentence is okay).
10. Write a transition about the next most important thing.
11. Use a direct quote directly related to the transition above.
If it’s an indirect quote transition, use a direct quote from
that same person.
12. Write another transition about the next most important
thing.
13. Another direct quote.
14. Keep going.

40. et’s practice!
• Follow the steps from “Prompt
Activity”
• Write as much as you can. Edit.
Write. Edit.