2. InterVlan routing
Used to establish communication between VLANs these are 3 ways of Doing it
1. Legacy
2. Router on a stick
3. L3 switch
Legacy:
A router has en N of physical interface equal to the number of VLANs
Router on a stick:
• It is a network design method used in situations where a single physical router is used to
route traffic between multiple VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks).
• Instead of having a dedicated physical interface on the router for each VLAN, a single
router interface (usually a trunk port) is used to carry traffic for all VLANs.
• The router then uses sub-interfaces to route traffic between the different VLANs based on
their VLAN tags.
3. L-3 switch
• A Layer 3 switch is a network switch that has routing capabilities built into it. It operates at
Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) for switching within a local network segment and at Layer 3
(Network Layer) for routing between different network segments or subnets.
• L3 switches are typically used in scenarios where there's a need for efficient routing
between VLANs in a local network. They can route traffic based on IP addresses, making
them more versatile than traditional Layer 2 switches.
4.
5. WAN Technology
when we need to connect offices at different location we have the following option or solution
1. Lease Line
2. Packet-switching technology
3. Circuit switching (PSTN)
4. Microwave
5. Satellite
Lease Line:
• Lease lines is dedicated line that connects one office at one location to another office at
another location.
• This is not shared media. it’s a private line that sends data only of that company.
• It’s a costly solution to connect offices.
Packet switching Technology :
• Packet switching Technology is a wan technology where data of different company's is
send on a shared media.
• It’s a cheaper than Leased line.
6. Circuit Switching:
• Where options of leased line or packet switching line are not available, we can connect
our office using the telephone network.
• Example Dial up, DSL and ISDN lines.
Microwave:
• Microwave communication involves the use of high-frequency radio waves (microwaves)
to transmit data or voice over long distances.
• Microwave links are commonly used in point-to-point connections between buildings or
cell towers to establish high-speed data links.
• They are known for low latency and high bandwidth capabilities.
Satellite:
• Satellite communication relies on geostationary or low Earth orbit satellites to relay data
between Earth-based stations.
• Satellite technology is used for global communications, including internet access in
remote areas and television broadcasting.
• It can provide coverage in remote or rural regions where other forms of connectivity might
be impractical.
