nterventional Radiology (IR) is a subspecialty of radiology that uses minimally invasive procedures guided by medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases. It involves inserting small devices, such as catheters or needles, into the body under imaging guidance to perform procedures or administer treatments. Key aspects of Interventional Radiology: Minimally Invasive: IR procedures are designed to be less invasive than traditional surgery, meaning smaller incisions and less recovery time. Image-Guided: Medical imaging techniques, like X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound, are used to visualize the internal structures and guide the placement of devices. Diagnosis and Treatment: IR radiologists diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions, including those involving blood vessels, organs, and tissues. Examples of IR procedures: Angioplasty: Opening blocked arteries to improve blood flow. Biopsies: Taking tissue samples for diagnosis. Embolization: Blocking blood vessels to stop bleeding or treat tumors. Tumor Ablation: Destroying tumors using heat, cold, or other methods. Benefits: IR can reduce the need for major surgery, minimize complications, and improve patient outcomes. What is Interventional Radiology? | UVA Radiology In essence, Interventional Radiology combines the expertise of radiologists with advanced imaging technology to offer minimally invasive treatment options for a variety of medical conditions. Interventional Radiology | Johns Hopkins Medicine What is interventional radiology? Interventional radiologists diagnose and treat disease. They treat a wide range of conditions in... Johns Hopkins Medicine What is Interventional Radiology? 2 Jul 2019 — In interventional radiology (also called IR), doctors use medical imaging to guide minimally invasive surgical procedure... UVA Radiology and Medical Imaging Blog for Patients What is Vascular and Interventional Radiology | Johns Hopkins Medicine Interventional radiology is a medical sub-specialty of radiology utilizing minimally-invasive image-guided procedures to diagnose ... Johns Hopkins Medicine Show all AI responses may include mistakes. Export मराठी मध्ये In English What is interventional radiology? Interventional radiologists diagnose and treat disease. They treat a wide range of conditions in the body by inserting various small devices, such as catheters or wires from outside the body. X-ray and imaging methods, such as CT and ultrasound help guide the radiologist. Interventional Radiology | Johns Hopkins Medicine Johns Hopkins Medicine https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org › health › intervention... What Is Interventional Radiology And How Does It Work? - Dr ... What is Interventional Radiology? | Imaging Technology News About featured snippets • Feedback People also ask What is interventional radiology used for? What is the difference between a radiologist and an interventional radiologist? What is the most common procedure in interventional radiology? What is th

1. VARICOSE VEINS- PENALTY
FOR VERTICALITY AGAINST
GRAVITY
Laser Treatment for Varicose Veins: What to Expect, and Benefits

2. "Varicose veins" represent a common health problem the effects of
which in terms of disability and health care costs are considerable.
Varicose veins are caused by underlying chronic venous insufficiency
with venous hypertension.
This venous hypertension leads to a broad spectrum of clinical
manifestations, ranging from symptoms like cramps, itching, swelling
and leg tiredness to cutaneous findings like varicose veins, reticular
veins, telangiectasias, edema, skin pigmentation

3. DEFINATIONS.
 Telangiectasias - are a confluence of dilated intradermal venules
less than one millimeter in diameter.
 Reticular veins - are dilated bluish subdermal veins, one to three
millimeters in diameter. Usually tortuous.
 Varicose veins - are subcutaneous dilated veins three millimeters
or greater in size. They may involve the saphenous veins,
saphenous tributaries, or nonsaphenous superficial leg veins.

4. AMERICAN VENOUS FORUM
FEBRUARY OF 1994 AND THE CREATION OF CEAP
Somewhere in Maui, Hawaii

5. THE VENOUS CLINICAL SEVERITY
SCORE
 THE REVISED CEAP
CLASSIFICATION

6. RISK
FACTORS

7. SYMPTOMS OF VARICOSE VEINS.
 Leg pain, aching, or cramping
 Burning or itching of the skin
 Leg or ankle swelling
 Heavy" feeling in legs
 Skin discoloration or texture changes
 Open wounds or sores
 Restless legs Varicose Veins

8. SIGNS OF VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY

9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VENOUS
INSUFFICIENCY

10. TREATMENT OPTIONS
 COMPRESSION THERAPY
 VENOUS WOUND CARE
 ENDOVENOUS LASER TREATMENT (EVLT) /RADIOFREQUENCY
ABLATION (RFA)RAPY
 SCLEROTHERAPY
 VENASEAL

11. COMPRESSION THERAPY
 Compression therapy in the form of
Compression stockings helps blood to flow
from lower legs back towards the heart.
They can be effective in relieving symptoms
of venous disease, stopping its progression
and decreasing the likelihood of a clot.
 Stockings are tightest at the ankle and
become gradually less tight as they go up
the leg; this helps to move blood gently up
your legs and prevent it from pooling.

12. VENOUS WOUND CARE
 Venous ulcer, also called stasis ulcer, is the most common type
of ulceration that occurs on the legs and feet, normally
located just above the ankle, usually on the inner aspect of the
leg. Approximately 70-80% of leg ulcers are venous ulcers.
Venous ulcers are usually recurrent and slow to heal.
 In fact, an open venous ulcer can continue for a few weeks to
several years. The most common risk factors for non-healing of
venous ulcer apart from underlying varicose veins include
ageing, obesity and overweight, pre-existing leg injuries, deep
venous thrombosis (blood clots) and phlebitis (inflammation of
the vein wall).
 Severe complications can develop if ulcers are not treated in a
timely manner. These consequences can include cellulitis
(infection of the skin), osteomyelitis (infection of the bones) and
unpleasant skin changes such as dermatitis, skin thickening and
permanent discoloration of the skin.

13. Nanocrystalline silver coated anti-microbial 3
dressing Collagen Particles
Prevents the synthesis of essential proteins required by bacteria and inhibits bacterial
DNA synthesis and cell growth

14. ENDOVENOUS LASER TREATMENT
(EVLT)
 Endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) or
Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA),
has become a ray of hope for
people suffering from varicose veins.
Received FDA clearance for treating
varicose veins and has a remarkable
success rate of 98 percent.
 The treatment is performed under
spinal anesthesia
 It is a minimally invasive treatment,
with little to no scarring!

15. MECHANISM OF RFA
 Using a bipolar RFA catheter-based
approach, generator delivers
radiofrequency (RF) energy to the vein
walls.
 RF energy creates conductive heating
that contracts the vein wall collagen,
thereby occluding the vein
 Controlled heating of the vein wall
causes shortening and thickening of
collagen fibrils and vein lumen diameter
shrinkage and fibrotic sealing of the
vein.

16. MECHANISM OF RFA
 Heating element treats7 cm of vein
at once
 Segmental ablation technology
 Average treatment time: 3-5 min
For saphenous and SFJ tributary
treatment

17. VENASEAL
 The VenaSeal Closure System is the most modern
non-surgical procedure used to safely and
effectively treat varicose veins.
 Adhesive based treatment for chronic vein disease
 Cyanoacrylate glue commonly known as “Super
Glue.”
 During treatment cyanoacrylate adhesive is
introduced directly into the vein being treated.
 The glue begins to permanently bond with the vein
wall where it undergoes a hardening process
(sclerosis).
 Once fully hardened the incompetent vein is
sealed shut along its entire length and gradually is
reabsorbed by the body.

18. BENEFITS OF THE VENASEAL CLOSURE SYSTEM
 No general anesthetic required
 No medications must be taken to prepare the patient for the procedure
 Immediately alleviates symptoms and improves appearance
 It’s nearly 100% effective
 It’s minimally invasive
 It’s as permanent and safe as other competing techniques
 Most people report only mild discomfort during the procedure
 The procedure can be performed within 20-30 minutes – no need to miss a whole
day of work!
 Recovery time is minimal, most people can return to work and resume normal
immediately, including exercise.

19. SCLEROTHERAPY- INJECTION SODIUM TERTADECY SULPHATE MIXED WITH 4CC AIR.
 Aims - Ablation of varicose veins.
 Prevention and treatment of
complications of chronic vein
disease.
 Improvement / elimination of
venous symptoms.
 Improved venous function.
 Improved aesthetic appearance.

20. INDICATION'S FOR SCLEROTHERAPY.
 Incompetent saphenous veins.
 Varicose tributaries.
 Incompetent perforator veins.
 Reticular varices.
 Spider veins (telangiectasia) .
 New, remaining and recurrent varicose veins after previous
operation.
 Varicose veins (veins with reflux) around a leg ulcer.
 Venous malformations.

21. CASE-1
Preoperative CEAP
Classification: C4EpAsPr
6 month postoperative clinical
CEAP classification C0

22. CASE - 2
Preoperative CEAP
grade C6EpAsPr Postoperative 1
month clinical CEAP
classification C5
Postoperative 6
month clinical CEAP
classification C2

23. RANDOMISED TRAIL
 Number of randomized trials comparing the bipolar RFA vs. vein stripping
 Bipolar RFA found to be superior to vein stripping in every statistically significant
outcome
1. less post-operative pain
2. less bruising
3. Quicker recovery
4. higher quality of life scores
81% of bipolar RFA patients returned to normal activities within 1 day vs. 47% of vein
stripping patients
• bipolar RFA patients returned to work more than 1 week sooner than vein
stripping patients.

25. BENEFITS OF ENDOVENOUS LASER
TREATMENT
 1. Minimally Invasive Technique
 2. High success rate
 3. Less Pain
 4. Faster recovery
 5. Cosmetic Improvement
 6. Reduced Complication Risk
 7. Outpatient Procedure.
 8. Minimal Scarring
 9. Improving Quality of Life
 10. Lesser Risk of Infection

26. TAKE HOME MESSAGE
 Endovenous RFA is safe and effective method and an alternative to surgical
procedures in the treatment of varicose veins.
 It is well tolerated by patients
 Has only insignificant side effects.
 Can be performed on day care basis.
 Highly effective and minimally invasive treatment
 Provides relief from varicose-vein symptoms
 Cosmetic improvements.

27. वैरिकाज़ नसों के लक्षण.
• पैर में दर्द, पीड़ा, या ऐंठन
• त्वचा में जलन या खुजली होना
• पैर या टखने में सूजन
• पैरों में भारीपन महसूस होना
• त्वचा का मलिनकिरण या बनावट में
परिवर्तन
• खुले घाव
• पैर में वैरिकाज़ नसें