definition
indication
purpose
articles
components:
====
Level of consciousness
Mental status examination
Sensory cerebral function
Cranial nerves
Reflexes
Motor system
Sensory system
Cerebellar function
---
role of nurse
definition
indication
purpose
articles
components:
====
Level of consciousness
Mental status examination
Sensory cerebral function
Cranial nerves
Reflexes
Motor system
Sensory system
Cerebellar function
---
role of nurse
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Part 1: Neurological history and physicaltschmitt2002
This is a power point presentation that a student completed for an independent study in his BSN program. It covers the basics of the nurse driven neurological history and physical.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Part 1: Neurological history and physicaltschmitt2002
This is a power point presentation that a student completed for an independent study in his BSN program. It covers the basics of the nurse driven neurological history and physical.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
3. Nervous system divided into 2 regions:
• 1.Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord
• 2.Peripheral nervous system (PNS): cranial nerves,
spinal nerves and autonomic nervous system
• Function of the nervous system are sensory
input, integration, motor output, homeostasis,
mental activity.
6. • Major regions are:
• Diencephalon
• Brainstem
• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
7. • Thalamus – largest part, influences
mood and registers an unlocalized,
uncomfortable perception of pain.
• Epithalamus – small area superior and
posterior to the thalamus, involved in
the emotional and visceral response to
odors, pineal body
• Hypothalamus – most inferior part,
important in maintaining homeostasis,
plays a central role in the control of
body temperature, hunger and thirst
8. • Connects the spinal
cord to the remainder
of the brain
• Consists of the
medulla oblongata,
pons, and midbrain
9. • Most inferior portion of the brainstem
• Continuous with the spinal cord
• Extends from the level of the foramen
magnum to the pons
• CN 9, 10, 11, 12
10. • Immediately superior to the medulla
oblongata
• Means “bridge”
• CN 5, 6, 7, 8
• Lower part of the pons: breathing,
swallowing and balance
11. Brainstem : Midbrain
• Smallest region of the brainstem
• CN 3 and 4
• Found superior and inferior colliculus
• Superior colliculi – involved in visual reflexes,
turning the head, a sudden loud noise, bright
flash of light
• Inferior colliculi – major relay centers for the
auditory nerve pathways in the CNS
12. Largest part of the brain
Divided into left and right hemisphere
by a longitudinal fissures
The surface of each hemisphere is
wrinkled by presence of eminences
known as Gyri and furrows called
Sulci or Fissures
13. Each cerebral hemispheres is divided into lobes:
• Frontal lobe
• Principal motor area
• Important in the control of voluntary motor functions, motivation,
aggression, mood, and olfactory (smell) reception
• Brocas area – Brocas aphasia
• Parietal lobe
• Principal center for the reception and conscious perception of most
sensory information, such as touch, pain, temperature, balance and
taste
• Principal sensory area
14. Occipital lobe
Functions in the reception and perception of visual input
Principal visual cortex
Temporal lobe
Involved in olfactory (smell) and auditory (hearing) sensations and plays
an important role in memory
They associated in abstract thought and judgement
Primary auditory cortex
Wernicke’s area – wernickes aphasia
15. • Composed of gray matters
• Posterior and inferior to the cerebrum
• Involved in balance, maintenance of
muscle tone and coordination of fine
motor movements
16. • Spinal cord extends from
the foramen magnum to
the 2nd lumbar vertebra
below which is the cauda
equina
• It has a central gray part
organized into horns and a
peripheral white part
forming nerve tracts
• VERTEBRAL
COLUMN
• surrounds and
protects the spinal
cord
• 8 cervical, 12
thoracic, 5 lumbar,
5 sacral, coccyx
17. • Consists of the nerves and
ganglia located outside the
brain and spinal cord
• Divided into two groups:
• 12 pairs of CN
• 31 pairs of SN
Cranial Nerves
• 12 cranial nerves
• Designated by numerals
from I to XII
• General categories:
•Sensory •Motor
19. • Arise along the spinal cord from
the union of the dorsal and
ventral roots
• They contain axons of both
sensory and somatic motor
neurons
• Categorized by the region of
vertebral column
• 31 pairs (c8, t12, l5, s5, c1)
• Organized into 3 plexuses
22. ASSESSMENT OF THE
NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM
HISTORY
A confused client becomes an unreliable
source of history
B. Physical assessment to collect objective
data
a. Unilateral neglect
b. Poor hygiene and grooming
c. Abnormal gait and posture
d. Emotional swings, personality changes
e. Masklike appearance on face
f. Apathy
23. Skull and spinal x-ray
identify fractures dislocation. Compression, spinal cord problem
CT Scan
detect intracranial bleeding, space occupying lesion, cerebral edema. Hydrocephalus, infarction
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
provides more detailed pictures
Patients with pacemakers, orthopedic metal prosthesis and implanted metal devices cannot undergo this
procedure
25. GLASGOW COMA SCALE
HISTORY
- GCS was first published in 1974 at the University of
Glasgow
- It was developed by BRYAN JENNETT and GRAHAM
TEASDALE
26. GLASGOW COMA SCALE
FUNCTION
Used to described Level of consciousness
Help to gauge severity of acute brain injury
GCS divides into 3 PARAMETERS
• Best Eye response (E)
• Best Verbal response (V)
• Best motor response (M)
• GCS BEST RESPONSE (15) E4V5M6
• Comatose client- 8 or less
• Totally Unresponsive- 3
27.
28. Cranial Nerve I- Olfactory
CRANIAL NERVES
Check first for the patency of the nose
Instruct to close the eyes
Occlude one nostrils at a time
Hold familiar substance and asks for the
identification
PROBLEM- ANOSMIA- “loss of smell”
29. Cranial Nerve II- Optic
CRANIAL NERVES
Check the visual acuity with the use of
the Snellen chart
Check for visual field by confrontation
test
Check for pupillary reflex- direct and
consensual
30.
31. Cranial Nerve III, IV and VI (Oculomotor,
Trochlear and Abducens)
CRANIAL NERVES
PROBLEMS:
Ophthalmoplegia- inability to move the eye
in a direction
Diplopia- complaint of double vision
- Assess simultaneously the movement of the
extra-ocular muscles
- Assess Gaze
32. Cranial Nerve V (TRIGEMINAL)
CRANIAL NERVES
Sensory portion- assess for sensation of the
facial skin
Motor portion- assess the muscles of
mastication
Assess corneal reflex
33. Cranial Nerve VII (FACIAL)
CRANIAL NERVES
Sensory portion- prepare salt, sugar, vinegar.
Place each substance in the anterior two
thirds of the tongue, rinsing the mouth with
Water
Motor portion- ask the client to make facial
expressions, ask to forcefully close the
eyelids
• Ask the client to smile, raise the eyebrows, frown, puff
out his cheeks, close his eyes tightly.
34. Cranial Nerve VIII ( Vestibulo- Auditory)
CRANIAL NERVES
• Test patient’s hearing acuity
• Observe for nystagmus and disturbed balance
35. Cranial Nerve IX, X ( Glossopharyngeal,
Vagus)
CRANIAL NERVES
Together with Cranial nerve 10 –vagus
Assess for gag reflex
Watch the soft palate rising after instructing
the client to say “AH”
The posterior one-third of the tongue is
supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve
36. Cranial Nerve XI ( ACCESSORY)
CRANIAL NERVES
Press down the patient’s shoulder while he
attempts to shrug against resistance
37. Cranial Nerve XII ( HYPOGLOSSAL)
CRANIAL NERVES
Ask patient to protrude the tongue and note
for symmetry
38. ASSESS Motor function
● Assess muscle tone and
strength by asking
patient to flex or extend
the extremities while
the examiner places
resistance
● Grading of muscle
strength
Muscle Motor Grading:
● 5/5 – normal active
movement, full range of
motion against full resistance
● 4/5 – active movement, full
ROM against moderate
resistance
● 3/5 – active movement, full
ROM against gravity
● 2/5 – active movement, full
ROM w/ gravity
eliminated(horizotal/side to
side)
● 1/5 – palpable or visible
contraction 0/5 – no
39. Assessing the motor
function of the cerebellum
• Test for balance- heel to
toe
• Test for coordination- rapid
alternating
• movements and finger to
nose test
Assessing the motor
function of the brainstem
Test for the Oculocephalic reflex-
doll’s eye
• Normal response- eyes appear to
move opposite to the movement
of the head
• Abnormal- eyes move in the same
direction
• Test for the Oculovestibular
reflex
• Slowly irrigate the ear with cold
water and warm water
• Normal response- cOld-
OppOsite, wArM- sAMe
40. • Evaluate symmetric areas of the body
• Ask the patient to close the eyes while testing
• Use of test tubes with cold and warm water
• Use blunt and sharp objects
• Use wisp of cotton
• Ask to identify objects placed on the hands
• Test for sense of position
41. Assessing The Reflexes
● Deep tendon reflexes
● Biceps (C5-C6)
● Triceps (C6-C8)
● Brachioradialis (C5-C6)
● Patellar
● Assessing the sensory
function Achilles
● Superficial reflexes
● Abdominal (T9-T10)
● Cremasteric (L1-L2)
● Anal (S3-S5)
● Pathologic reflex
● Babinski- stroke the
lateral aspect of the
soles
● doing an inverted “J”
42.
43. • Positive Brudzinski’s sign (pain, resistance,
flexion of hips and knees when head flexed to
chest with client supine)
• Positive Kernig’s sign (excessive pain and/or
resistance when examiner attempts to straighten
knees with client supine and knees and hips flexed)
indicates meningeal irritation
44. • Positive Babinski reflex (dorsiflexion of big toe with
fanning of other toes): UMN diseases of pyramidal
tract
• Decorticate posturing (upper arms close to sides,
elbows, wrists and fingers flexes, legs extended with
internal rotation, feet are flexed: body parts pulled into
core of body)
• Decerebrate posturing (neck extended with jaw
clenched, arms pronated, extended, close to sides, legs
are extended straight out and feet plantar flexed)