Uploaded bysaracruzsierra
ODP, PPTX381 views

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 in South Africa. He became actively involved in politics opposing apartheid in the late 1940s. Mandela co-founded the African National Congress Youth League and later became president of South Africa from 1994-1999, being the first Black president elected in a fully representative democratic election. During his presidency, Mandela oversaw the introduction of policies aimed at reducing inequality and establishing universal healthcare, education, electricity, water access and more for all South African citizens.

Embed presentation

Download as ODP, PPTX
Biography of Nelson Mandela Sara C ruz Sierra 2ºB
* Summary of his life. * E arly life. * Political activity. * Presidency of South A frica. * Marriage and family. * Tributes to Nelson Mandela.
* Summary of his life N e l s o n M a n d e l a wa s b o r n 1 8 j u ly o f 1 9 1 8 in M v e z o ,S o u t h Af r ic a . S e r v e d As P r e s e n t o f S o u t h Af r ic a f r o m 1 9 9 4 t o 1 9 9 9 a n d wa s t h e f ir s t S o u t h Af r ic a n p r e s id e n t t o b e e l e c t e d in a f u l ly r e p r e s e n tat iv e d e m o c r at ic e l e c t io n . M a n d e l a s e r v e d 2 7 y e a r s in p r is o n , s p e n d in g m a n y o f t h e s e y e a r s o n R o b b e n Is l a n d . F o l l o w in g h is r e l e a s e f r o m p r is o n o n 1 1 F e b r u a r y 1 9 9 0 , M a n d e l a l e d h is p a r t y in t h e n e g o t iat io n s t h at l e d t o m u lt i-r a c ia l d e m o c r a c y in 1 9 9 4 . As p r e s id e n t, h e f r e q u e n t ly g av e p r io r it y t o r e c o n c il iat io n , w h il e in t r o d u c in g p o l ic ie s a im e d at c o m b at in g p o v e r t y a n d in e q u a l it y in S o u t h Af r ic a . In S o u t h Af r ic a , M a n d e l a is o f t e n k n o w n a s M a d ib a , h is fat h e r c l a n n a m e . M a n d e l a h a s r e c e iv e d m o r e t h a n 2 5 0 awa r d s o v e r f o u r d e c a d e s , in c l u d in g t h e 1 9 9 3 N o b e l P e a c e P r iz e .
* E arly life N e l s o n Ma n d e l a b e l o n g s t o a c a d e t b r a n c h o f t h e T h e m b u d y n a s t y, w h ic h r e ig n s in t h e T r a n s k e i R e g io n o f S o u t h Af r ic a 's E a s t e r n C a p e P r o v in c e .H e wa s b o r n in M v e z o , a s m a l l v il l a g e l o c at e d in t h e d is t r ic t o f U m tata . M a n d e l a 's fat h e r ,G a d l a H e n r y M p h a k a n y is wa , s e r v e d a s c h ie f o f t h e t o w n o f M v e z o .H e m o v e d h is fa m ily t o Q u n u . M a n d e l a 's fat h e r h a d f o u r w iv e s , w it h w h o m h e fat h e r e d t h ir t e e n c h il d r e n (f o u r b o y s a n d n in e g ir l s ).M a n d e l a wa s b o r n t o h is t h ir d w if e , N o s e k e n i Fa n n y.M a n d e l a s p e n t m u c h o f h is c h il d h o o d . R o l ih l a h l a M a n d e l a b e c a m e t h e f ir s t m e m b e r o f h is fa m ily t o at t e n d a s c h o o l , w h e r e h is t e a c h e r M is s M d in g a n e g av e h im t h e E n g l is h n a m e "N e l s o n ".
W h e n M a n d e l a wa s n in e , h is fat h e r d ie d o f t u b e r c u l o s is , a n d t h e r e g e n t , Jo n g in ta b a , b e c a m e h is g u a r d ia n .M a n d e l a at t e n d e d a W e s l e ya n m is s io n s c h o o l l o c at e d n e x t t o t h e p a l a c e o f t h e r e g e n t. F o l l o w in g T h e m b u c u s t o m , h e wa s in it iat e d at a g e s ix t e e n , a n d at t e n d e d C l a r k e b u r y B o a r d in g In s t it u t e .M a n d e l a c o m p l e t e d h is Ju n io r C e r t if ic at e in t w o y e a r s , in s t e a d o f t h e u s u a l t h r e e .D e s ig n at e d t o in h e r it h is fat h e r 's p o s it io n a s a p r iv y c o u n c il l o r , in 1 9 3 7 M a n d e l a m o v e d t o H e a l d t o w n ,t h e W e s l e ya n c o l l e g e in F o r t B e a u f o r t w h ic h m o s t T h e m b u r o ya lt y at t e n d e d .A n in e t e e n , h e t o o k a n t in t e r e s t in b o x in g a n d r u n n in g at t h e s c h o o l . Af t e r e n r o l l in g , M a n d e l a b e g a n t o s t u d y f o r a B a c h e l o r o f Ar t s at t h e F o r t H a r e U n iv e r s it y, w h e r e h e m e t O l iv e r Ta m b o .Ta m b o a n d M a n d e l a b e c a m e l if e l o n g f r ie n d s a n d c o lleag u es .
* Political activity Af t e r t h e 1 9 4 8 e l e c t io n v ic t o r y o f t h e Af r ik a n e r -d o m in at e d N at io n a l Pa r t y, w h ic h s u p p o r t e d t h e a p a r t h e id p o l ic y o f r a c ia l s e g r e g at io n ,M a n d e l a b e g a n a c t iv e ly p a r t ic ip at in g in p o l it ic s .D u r in g t h is t im e , M a n d e l a a n d f e l l o w l aw y e r O l iv e r Ta m b o o p e r at e d t h e l aw f ir m o f M a n d e l a a n d Ta m b o . M a h at m a G a n d h i in f l u e n c e d M a n d e l a 's a p p r o a c h , a n d s u b s e q u e n t ly t h e m e t h o d s o f s u c c e e d in g g e n e r at io n s o f S o u t h Af r ic a n a n t i-a p a r t h e id a c t iv is t s .M a n d e l a l at e r t o o k p a r t in t h e 2 9 – 3 0 Ja n u a r y 2 0 0 7 c o n f e r e n c e in N e w D e l h i m a r k in g t h e 1 0 0 t h a n n iv e r s a r y o f G a n d h i's in t r o d u c t io n o f s at ya g r a h a in S o u t h Af r ic a . In it ia l ly c o m m it t e d t o n o n v io l e n t r e s is ta n c e , M a n d e l a a n d 1 5 0 o t h e r s w e r e a r r e s t e d o n 5 D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 6 a n d c h a r g e d w it h t r e a s o n . F r o m 1 9 5 2 – 1 9 5 9 , a n e w c l a s s o f b l a c k a c t iv is t s k n o w n a s t h e Af r ic a n is t s d is r u p t e d AN C a c t iv it ie s in t h e t o w n s h ip s .
T h e Af r ic a n is t s r id ic u l e d t h e 1 9 5 5 Fr e e d o m Ch a r t e r K l ip t o w n C o n f e r e n c e f o r t h e c o n c e s s io n o f t h e 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 - s t r o n g AN C t o j u s t a s in g l e v o t e in a C o n g r e s s io n a l a l l ia n c e . In 1 9 5 9 , t h e AN C l o s t it s m o s t m il ita n t s u p p o r t w h e n m o s t o f t h e Af r ic a n is t s , w it h f in a n c ia l s u p p o r t f r o m G h a n a a n d s ig n if ic a n t p o l it ic a l s u p p o r t f r o m t h e T r a n s va a l - b a s e d B a s o t h o , b r o k e away t o Af r ic a n is t C o n g r e s s (PAC )u n d e r t h e d ir feo r m t hoef Paon b e r t S o b u k w e a n d c t io n R Po t l a k o Le b a l l o .
* Presidency of South A frica. S o u t h Af r ic a 's f ir s t m u lt i-r a c ia l e l e c t io n s in w h ic h f u l l e n f r a n c h is e m e n t wa s g r a n t e d w e r e h e l d o n 2 7 Ap r il 1 9 9 4 . T h e AN C w o n 6 2 % o f t h e v o t e s in t h e e l e c t io n . D u r in g t h e c o u r s e o f h is p r e s id e n c y, a w id e r a n g e o f p r o g r e s s iv e s o c ia l r e f o r m s w e r e e n a c t e d b y M a n d e l a 's g o v e r n m e n t, a im e d at r e d u c in g l o n g e n t r e n c h e d s o c ia l a n d e c o n o m ic in e q u a l it ie s in S o u t h Af r ic a . Am o n g s t t h e m e a s u r e s c a r r ie d o u t b y M a n d e l a a n d t h is a r e s o m e m in is t e r s in c l u d e d : *T h e in t r o d u c t io n o f f r e e h e a lt h care. *T h e in thr eo l a ucn c hninogf op f t h e in g r a n t s . *T d u t io a r it y R e c o e x p a n s io io n f n e pDreovde u c t iv e n t a lt h s e r v ic e s . *An n s t r u c t n o a r d lo pm h e *T h e in t r o P r o g io a m m e .h il d s u p p o r t g r a n t s (1 9 9 8 )t o a l l e v iat e d uct r n of c c h il d p o v e r t y. *T h e c o n n e c t io n o f 3 m il l io n p e o p l e t o t e l e p h o n e l in e s . *T h e b r in g in g o f 1 .5 m il l io n c h il d r e n in t o t h e e d u c at io n s y s t e m . *T h e u p g r a d in g o r c o n s t r u c t io n o f 5 0 0 c l in ic s .
*T h e c o n n e c t io n o f 2 m il l io n p e o p l e t o t h e e l e c t r ic it y g r id . *T h e c o n s t r u c t io n o f 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 h o u s e s , h o u s in g n e a r ly 3 m il l io n p e o p l e in the process. *T h e e x t e n s io n o f wat e r a c c e s s t o 3 m il l io n p e o p l e . *T h e in t r o d u c t io n o f c o m p u l s o r y s c h o o l in g f o r Af r ic a n c h il d r e n b e t w e e n s ix a n d f o u r t e e n y e a r s . *T h e p r o v is io n o f f r e e m e a l s f o r b e t w e e n 3 .5 t o 5 m il l io n s c h o o l c h il d r e n . *T h e p r o v is io n o f f r e e m e a l s f o r b e t w e e n 3 .5 t o 5 m il l io n s c h o o l c h il d r e n . *T h e l a u n c h in g o f t h e N at io n a l D r u g P o l ic y in 1 9 9 6 t o im p r o v e a c c e s s t o e s s e n t ia l m e d ic in e s .
* Marriage and family. M a n d e l a h a s b e e n m a r r ie d t h r e e t im e s , h a s fat h e r e d s ix c h il d r e n , h a s t w e n t y g r a n d c h il d r e n , a n d a g r o w in g n u m b e r o f g r e at- g r a n d c h il d r e n . H e is g r a n d fat h e r t o C h ie f M a n d l a Ma n d e l a . M a n d e l a 's f ir s t m a r r ia g e wa s t o E v e ly n N t o k o M a s e .M a n d e l a 's s e c o n d w if e , M a nn diee M a d ik s r e m -M a n dd e, l a . h is 8 0 t h b ir t h d ay in 1 9 9 8 , t o G r a ç a W in l a wa iz e l a a r r ie o n Ma c h e l .
* Tributes to Nelson Mandela. The statue of Mandela in Parliament Square, London.
Nelson Mandela Square, Sandton,Johannesburg.
Nelson Mandela Gardens in Leeds.
Nelson Mandela Bridge in Johannesburg.

More Related Content

PPT
Traditional Media Buying
byThe Media Kitchen
 
PDF
Untitled-1
byNelson Tseng
 
PDF
The Peninsula Residences Yangon Brochure
byYoma Land
 
PDF
Francis cv 27 05-2013
byFrancis Bell
 
PDF
TELEPHONE BILLING SYSTEM
byShailesh kumar
 
PDF
Elements of mechanical engineering (notes)
byAhmad Sakib
 
PPT
TMK.edu Traditional Media Buying Presentation: August 2015
byThe Media Kitchen
 
PDF
Breezeway rivulet park
byJohn Latham
 
Traditional Media Buying
byThe Media Kitchen
 
Untitled-1
byNelson Tseng
 
The Peninsula Residences Yangon Brochure
byYoma Land
 
Francis cv 27 05-2013
byFrancis Bell
 
TELEPHONE BILLING SYSTEM
byShailesh kumar
 
Elements of mechanical engineering (notes)
byAhmad Sakib
 
TMK.edu Traditional Media Buying Presentation: August 2015
byThe Media Kitchen
 
Breezeway rivulet park
byJohn Latham
 

What's hot

PDF
Master batches
byNavendu Yadav
 
PDF
University of Bristol Law Society's Dicta Magzine - 2016 Edition
byGeorge Edward Aubrey
 
PDF
Tulsi Gabbard FEC complaint Mufi Hannemann
byHonolulu Civil Beat
 
PDF
Homartian book bootleg
byJohn Latham
 
PDF
SIM, TIARA AYUNINGSIH, HAPZI ALI, SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN UNTUK KEUNGGULAN...
byTiara Ayuningsih
 
PDF
Manejo del dolor con medicamentos Guna
byNaturpharma (Medicina Biológica)
 
PPT
4 IATA Training
byMohamed Tayfour
 
PDF
Nobody's Place / Nowhere's Map
byYukariSakata1
 
PDF
Lap machine manual
byMuqthiar Ali
 
PDF
Interview With Dr. Bala V Balachandran
bynagendravchowdary
 
PDF
Microsoft Teams Cheat Sheet: Meet the Hub for Teamwork in Office 365
byCrystal Williams
 
PDF
YIEF-2011
byyouthforum
 
PDF
Sim, tiara ayuningsih, hapzi ali, mm, pengembangan sistem informasi di perusa...
byTiara Ayuningsih
 
PDF
H3LP DTR V.2.0.
byKocsis Gabor
 
PDF
Root Cause Analysis | Arrelic Insights
byArrelic
 
DOC
237066775 case-pres-pedia-final
byhomeworkping3
 
PDF
portfolio2014_StK-s
byStephen Kelleher
 
PPTX
Representation in tv drama
byLauraJaneLee
 
PPTX
Stereotype in TV drama
bysophypurchon
 
PDF
Asia Offer Latter
byshrinivasa Rajappa
 
Master batches
byNavendu Yadav
 
University of Bristol Law Society's Dicta Magzine - 2016 Edition
byGeorge Edward Aubrey
 
Tulsi Gabbard FEC complaint Mufi Hannemann
byHonolulu Civil Beat
 
Homartian book bootleg
byJohn Latham
 
SIM, TIARA AYUNINGSIH, HAPZI ALI, SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN UNTUK KEUNGGULAN...
byTiara Ayuningsih
 
Manejo del dolor con medicamentos Guna
byNaturpharma (Medicina Biológica)
 
4 IATA Training
byMohamed Tayfour
 
Nobody's Place / Nowhere's Map
byYukariSakata1
 
Lap machine manual
byMuqthiar Ali
 
Interview With Dr. Bala V Balachandran
bynagendravchowdary
 
Microsoft Teams Cheat Sheet: Meet the Hub for Teamwork in Office 365
byCrystal Williams
 
YIEF-2011
byyouthforum
 
Sim, tiara ayuningsih, hapzi ali, mm, pengembangan sistem informasi di perusa...
byTiara Ayuningsih
 
H3LP DTR V.2.0.
byKocsis Gabor
 
Root Cause Analysis | Arrelic Insights
byArrelic
 
237066775 case-pres-pedia-final
byhomeworkping3
 
portfolio2014_StK-s
byStephen Kelleher
 
Representation in tv drama
byLauraJaneLee
 
Stereotype in TV drama
bysophypurchon
 
Asia Offer Latter
byshrinivasa Rajappa
 

Viewers also liked

ODP
New York City
bysaracruzsierra
 
ODP
New York City
bysaracruzsierra
 
ODP
El sefardí.
bysaracruzsierra
 
PDF
Nelson Mandela.
bysaracruzsierra
 
PDF
Nelson Mandela.
bysaracruzsierra
 
PPTX
Powerpoint uned
byHugo Díaz Rodil
 
PDF
New York City.
bysaracruzsierra
 
New York City
bysaracruzsierra
 
New York City
bysaracruzsierra
 
El sefardí.
bysaracruzsierra
 
Nelson Mandela.
bysaracruzsierra
 
Nelson Mandela.
bysaracruzsierra
 
Powerpoint uned
byHugo Díaz Rodil
 
New York City.
bysaracruzsierra
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
_5 Trusted Strategies to Buy Verified Wise Accounts Safely & Legally.pdf
byBuy Verified Wise Accounts
 
PDF
12 Best Marketplaces to Buy Twitter Aged Profiles USA.pdf
byilmaariba0
 
PDF
Buy Proton Mail Accounts _ Secure Email Accounts In 2026.pdf
byhttps://pvaallit.com/product/buy-verified-apple-pay-accounts/
 
PDF
Nicky Oppenheimer World Economic Forum Jan 2000
byJames AH Campbell
 
PDF
The threat to financial insitutions of quantum computing breaking all encrypt...
byChris Skinner
 
PDF
BendelPuertoRicoCubaGuyanaVenezuelaPetroleumRefineryPetrochemicalPetroAgroInd...
byOsaJOkundayeODMDFAAO
 
PDF
Camil Institutional Presentation_Dez25.pdf
byCAMILRI
 
PDF
How To Buy Verified Cash App Accounts - Secure Your Transactions.pdf
byhttps://pvaallit.com/product/buy-verified-apple-pay-accounts/
 
PDF
Designing Business Model for Deep Tech Startups
byJegajith PT
 
PDF
PuertoRicoCubaGuyanaVenezuelaPetroleumRefineryPetrochemicalPetroAgroIndustria...
byOsaJOkundayeODMDFAAO
 
PDF
Camil Institutional Presentation_Dez25.pdf
byCAMILRI
 
PDF
The APCO Geopolitical Radar Q1 2026 Edition
byAPCO
 
PDF
What are the Key Benefits of Using iPads in Education.pdf
byVRS Technologies LLC
 
PDF
geopolitical-risk-dashboard-december-2025.pdf
byHenry Tapper
 
DOCX
How Verified Cash App Accounts Work and How to Buy.docx
byhttps://pvaisback.com/product/buy-old-gmail-accounts/
 
DOCX
Buy Verified Wise Account_ Top 11 Guide in the USA.docx
bypvaisback is a Digital Accounting
 
DOCX
How to Buy Verified OnlyFans Creator Accounts – Real, Original & PVA.docx
byPremium Phone Verified Account Providers
 
DOCX
Best 19 Sites to Buy Old Gmail Accounts .docx
byhttps://propvaservice.com/product/buy-old-gmail-accounts/
 
PPTX
Mykhailo Hryhorash: Управління ризиками та змінами (UA)
byLviv Startup Club
 
DOCX
Trusted Marketplace for Buying Snapchat Accounts.docx
byPremium Phone Verified Account Providers
 
_5 Trusted Strategies to Buy Verified Wise Accounts Safely & Legally.pdf
byBuy Verified Wise Accounts
 
12 Best Marketplaces to Buy Twitter Aged Profiles USA.pdf
byilmaariba0
 
Buy Proton Mail Accounts _ Secure Email Accounts In 2026.pdf
byhttps://pvaallit.com/product/buy-verified-apple-pay-accounts/
 
Nicky Oppenheimer World Economic Forum Jan 2000
byJames AH Campbell
 
The threat to financial insitutions of quantum computing breaking all encrypt...
byChris Skinner
 
BendelPuertoRicoCubaGuyanaVenezuelaPetroleumRefineryPetrochemicalPetroAgroInd...
byOsaJOkundayeODMDFAAO
 
Camil Institutional Presentation_Dez25.pdf
byCAMILRI
 
How To Buy Verified Cash App Accounts - Secure Your Transactions.pdf
byhttps://pvaallit.com/product/buy-verified-apple-pay-accounts/
 
Designing Business Model for Deep Tech Startups
byJegajith PT
 
PuertoRicoCubaGuyanaVenezuelaPetroleumRefineryPetrochemicalPetroAgroIndustria...
byOsaJOkundayeODMDFAAO
 
Camil Institutional Presentation_Dez25.pdf
byCAMILRI
 
The APCO Geopolitical Radar Q1 2026 Edition
byAPCO
 
What are the Key Benefits of Using iPads in Education.pdf
byVRS Technologies LLC
 
geopolitical-risk-dashboard-december-2025.pdf
byHenry Tapper
 
How Verified Cash App Accounts Work and How to Buy.docx
byhttps://pvaisback.com/product/buy-old-gmail-accounts/
 
Buy Verified Wise Account_ Top 11 Guide in the USA.docx
bypvaisback is a Digital Accounting
 
How to Buy Verified OnlyFans Creator Accounts – Real, Original & PVA.docx
byPremium Phone Verified Account Providers
 
Best 19 Sites to Buy Old Gmail Accounts .docx
byhttps://propvaservice.com/product/buy-old-gmail-accounts/
 
Mykhailo Hryhorash: Управління ризиками та змінами (UA)
byLviv Startup Club
 
Trusted Marketplace for Buying Snapchat Accounts.docx
byPremium Phone Verified Account Providers
 

Nelson Mandela

  • 1.
    Biography of Nelson Mandela Sara C ruz Sierra 2ºB
  • 2.
    * Summary ofhis life. * E arly life. * Political activity. * Presidency of South A frica. * Marriage and family. * Tributes to Nelson Mandela.
  • 3.
    * Summary ofhis life N e l s o n M a n d e l a wa s b o r n 1 8 j u ly o f 1 9 1 8 in M v e z o ,S o u t h Af r ic a . S e r v e d As P r e s e n t o f S o u t h Af r ic a f r o m 1 9 9 4 t o 1 9 9 9 a n d wa s t h e f ir s t S o u t h Af r ic a n p r e s id e n t t o b e e l e c t e d in a f u l ly r e p r e s e n tat iv e d e m o c r at ic e l e c t io n . M a n d e l a s e r v e d 2 7 y e a r s in p r is o n , s p e n d in g m a n y o f t h e s e y e a r s o n R o b b e n Is l a n d . F o l l o w in g h is r e l e a s e f r o m p r is o n o n 1 1 F e b r u a r y 1 9 9 0 , M a n d e l a l e d h is p a r t y in t h e n e g o t iat io n s t h at l e d t o m u lt i-r a c ia l d e m o c r a c y in 1 9 9 4 . As p r e s id e n t, h e f r e q u e n t ly g av e p r io r it y t o r e c o n c il iat io n , w h il e in t r o d u c in g p o l ic ie s a im e d at c o m b at in g p o v e r t y a n d in e q u a l it y in S o u t h Af r ic a . In S o u t h Af r ic a , M a n d e l a is o f t e n k n o w n a s M a d ib a , h is fat h e r c l a n n a m e . M a n d e l a h a s r e c e iv e d m o r e t h a n 2 5 0 awa r d s o v e r f o u r d e c a d e s , in c l u d in g t h e 1 9 9 3 N o b e l P e a c e P r iz e .
  • 4.
    * E arlylife N e l s o n Ma n d e l a b e l o n g s t o a c a d e t b r a n c h o f t h e T h e m b u d y n a s t y, w h ic h r e ig n s in t h e T r a n s k e i R e g io n o f S o u t h Af r ic a 's E a s t e r n C a p e P r o v in c e .H e wa s b o r n in M v e z o , a s m a l l v il l a g e l o c at e d in t h e d is t r ic t o f U m tata . M a n d e l a 's fat h e r ,G a d l a H e n r y M p h a k a n y is wa , s e r v e d a s c h ie f o f t h e t o w n o f M v e z o .H e m o v e d h is fa m ily t o Q u n u . M a n d e l a 's fat h e r h a d f o u r w iv e s , w it h w h o m h e fat h e r e d t h ir t e e n c h il d r e n (f o u r b o y s a n d n in e g ir l s ).M a n d e l a wa s b o r n t o h is t h ir d w if e , N o s e k e n i Fa n n y.M a n d e l a s p e n t m u c h o f h is c h il d h o o d . R o l ih l a h l a M a n d e l a b e c a m e t h e f ir s t m e m b e r o f h is fa m ily t o at t e n d a s c h o o l , w h e r e h is t e a c h e r M is s M d in g a n e g av e h im t h e E n g l is h n a m e "N e l s o n ".
  • 5.
    W h en M a n d e l a wa s n in e , h is fat h e r d ie d o f t u b e r c u l o s is , a n d t h e r e g e n t , Jo n g in ta b a , b e c a m e h is g u a r d ia n .M a n d e l a at t e n d e d a W e s l e ya n m is s io n s c h o o l l o c at e d n e x t t o t h e p a l a c e o f t h e r e g e n t. F o l l o w in g T h e m b u c u s t o m , h e wa s in it iat e d at a g e s ix t e e n , a n d at t e n d e d C l a r k e b u r y B o a r d in g In s t it u t e .M a n d e l a c o m p l e t e d h is Ju n io r C e r t if ic at e in t w o y e a r s , in s t e a d o f t h e u s u a l t h r e e .D e s ig n at e d t o in h e r it h is fat h e r 's p o s it io n a s a p r iv y c o u n c il l o r , in 1 9 3 7 M a n d e l a m o v e d t o H e a l d t o w n ,t h e W e s l e ya n c o l l e g e in F o r t B e a u f o r t w h ic h m o s t T h e m b u r o ya lt y at t e n d e d .A n in e t e e n , h e t o o k a n t in t e r e s t in b o x in g a n d r u n n in g at t h e s c h o o l . Af t e r e n r o l l in g , M a n d e l a b e g a n t o s t u d y f o r a B a c h e l o r o f Ar t s at t h e F o r t H a r e U n iv e r s it y, w h e r e h e m e t O l iv e r Ta m b o .Ta m b o a n d M a n d e l a b e c a m e l if e l o n g f r ie n d s a n d c o lleag u es .
  • 6.
    * Political activity Af t e r t h e 1 9 4 8 e l e c t io n v ic t o r y o f t h e Af r ik a n e r -d o m in at e d N at io n a l Pa r t y, w h ic h s u p p o r t e d t h e a p a r t h e id p o l ic y o f r a c ia l s e g r e g at io n ,M a n d e l a b e g a n a c t iv e ly p a r t ic ip at in g in p o l it ic s .D u r in g t h is t im e , M a n d e l a a n d f e l l o w l aw y e r O l iv e r Ta m b o o p e r at e d t h e l aw f ir m o f M a n d e l a a n d Ta m b o . M a h at m a G a n d h i in f l u e n c e d M a n d e l a 's a p p r o a c h , a n d s u b s e q u e n t ly t h e m e t h o d s o f s u c c e e d in g g e n e r at io n s o f S o u t h Af r ic a n a n t i-a p a r t h e id a c t iv is t s .M a n d e l a l at e r t o o k p a r t in t h e 2 9 – 3 0 Ja n u a r y 2 0 0 7 c o n f e r e n c e in N e w D e l h i m a r k in g t h e 1 0 0 t h a n n iv e r s a r y o f G a n d h i's in t r o d u c t io n o f s at ya g r a h a in S o u t h Af r ic a . In it ia l ly c o m m it t e d t o n o n v io l e n t r e s is ta n c e , M a n d e l a a n d 1 5 0 o t h e r s w e r e a r r e s t e d o n 5 D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 6 a n d c h a r g e d w it h t r e a s o n . F r o m 1 9 5 2 – 1 9 5 9 , a n e w c l a s s o f b l a c k a c t iv is t s k n o w n a s t h e Af r ic a n is t s d is r u p t e d AN C a c t iv it ie s in t h e t o w n s h ip s .
  • 7.
    T h eAf r ic a n is t s r id ic u l e d t h e 1 9 5 5 Fr e e d o m Ch a r t e r K l ip t o w n C o n f e r e n c e f o r t h e c o n c e s s io n o f t h e 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 - s t r o n g AN C t o j u s t a s in g l e v o t e in a C o n g r e s s io n a l a l l ia n c e . In 1 9 5 9 , t h e AN C l o s t it s m o s t m il ita n t s u p p o r t w h e n m o s t o f t h e Af r ic a n is t s , w it h f in a n c ia l s u p p o r t f r o m G h a n a a n d s ig n if ic a n t p o l it ic a l s u p p o r t f r o m t h e T r a n s va a l - b a s e d B a s o t h o , b r o k e away t o Af r ic a n is t C o n g r e s s (PAC )u n d e r t h e d ir feo r m t hoef Paon b e r t S o b u k w e a n d c t io n R Po t l a k o Le b a l l o .
  • 8.
    * Presidency ofSouth A frica. S o u t h Af r ic a 's f ir s t m u lt i-r a c ia l e l e c t io n s in w h ic h f u l l e n f r a n c h is e m e n t wa s g r a n t e d w e r e h e l d o n 2 7 Ap r il 1 9 9 4 . T h e AN C w o n 6 2 % o f t h e v o t e s in t h e e l e c t io n . D u r in g t h e c o u r s e o f h is p r e s id e n c y, a w id e r a n g e o f p r o g r e s s iv e s o c ia l r e f o r m s w e r e e n a c t e d b y M a n d e l a 's g o v e r n m e n t, a im e d at r e d u c in g l o n g e n t r e n c h e d s o c ia l a n d e c o n o m ic in e q u a l it ie s in S o u t h Af r ic a . Am o n g s t t h e m e a s u r e s c a r r ie d o u t b y M a n d e l a a n d t h is a r e s o m e m in is t e r s in c l u d e d : *T h e in t r o d u c t io n o f f r e e h e a lt h care. *T h e in thr eo l a ucn c hninogf op f t h e in g r a n t s . *T d u t io a r it y R e c o e x p a n s io io n f n e pDreovde u c t iv e n t a lt h s e r v ic e s . *An n s t r u c t n o a r d lo pm h e *T h e in t r o P r o g io a m m e .h il d s u p p o r t g r a n t s (1 9 9 8 )t o a l l e v iat e d uct r n of c c h il d p o v e r t y. *T h e c o n n e c t io n o f 3 m il l io n p e o p l e t o t e l e p h o n e l in e s . *T h e b r in g in g o f 1 .5 m il l io n c h il d r e n in t o t h e e d u c at io n s y s t e m . *T h e u p g r a d in g o r c o n s t r u c t io n o f 5 0 0 c l in ic s .
  • 9.
    *T h ec o n n e c t io n o f 2 m il l io n p e o p l e t o t h e e l e c t r ic it y g r id . *T h e c o n s t r u c t io n o f 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 h o u s e s , h o u s in g n e a r ly 3 m il l io n p e o p l e in the process. *T h e e x t e n s io n o f wat e r a c c e s s t o 3 m il l io n p e o p l e . *T h e in t r o d u c t io n o f c o m p u l s o r y s c h o o l in g f o r Af r ic a n c h il d r e n b e t w e e n s ix a n d f o u r t e e n y e a r s . *T h e p r o v is io n o f f r e e m e a l s f o r b e t w e e n 3 .5 t o 5 m il l io n s c h o o l c h il d r e n . *T h e p r o v is io n o f f r e e m e a l s f o r b e t w e e n 3 .5 t o 5 m il l io n s c h o o l c h il d r e n . *T h e l a u n c h in g o f t h e N at io n a l D r u g P o l ic y in 1 9 9 6 t o im p r o v e a c c e s s t o e s s e n t ia l m e d ic in e s .
  • 10.
    * Marriage andfamily. M a n d e l a h a s b e e n m a r r ie d t h r e e t im e s , h a s fat h e r e d s ix c h il d r e n , h a s t w e n t y g r a n d c h il d r e n , a n d a g r o w in g n u m b e r o f g r e at- g r a n d c h il d r e n . H e is g r a n d fat h e r t o C h ie f M a n d l a Ma n d e l a . M a n d e l a 's f ir s t m a r r ia g e wa s t o E v e ly n N t o k o M a s e .M a n d e l a 's s e c o n d w if e , M a nn diee M a d ik s r e m -M a n dd e, l a . h is 8 0 t h b ir t h d ay in 1 9 9 8 , t o G r a ç a W in l a wa iz e l a a r r ie o n Ma c h e l .
  • 11.
    * Tributes toNelson Mandela. The statue of Mandela in Parliament Square, London.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
    Nelson Mandela Bridgein Johannesburg.