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NEED ASSESSMENT OF SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE.pptx
1. NEED ASSESSMENT OF SOS CHILDREN’SVILLAGE IN
THE GAMBIA– BAKOTEH PROGRAMME LOCATION
(COVERING CITY COUNCIL OF BANJUL, KANIFING
MUNICIPALITY ANDWEST COAST REGION)
Validation workshop
2. Outline and Content
1. Overview on location and short description of national child rights situation;
2. Description of key questions and objectives;
3. Methodology;
4. Description of the overall assessment process, research team, and
methodology;
5. Data collection methodology;
6. Needs Assessment Results (Target Group Analysis, Community assets and needs
analysis and Stakeholder Analysis); and
7. Summary and Recommendations
3. Overview on location and short description of
national child rights situation ;
• This assessment covers the Bakoteh Programme location, which includes Banjul
City Council, Kanifing Municipality (KM), and West Coast Region (WCR). These
regions form the urban and peri-urban setting of the Gambia.
• The 2019-20 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) study indicated that more
than 53% of household composition in urban areas is less than 19 years of age
which shows that children and adolescents constitute the majority of the
household compositions within the urban areas of the Gambia
4. Cont…DHS
• Children under 5 years (14.1%)
• Children 5 – 9 years (15.2%)
• Children 10 – 14 years (12.7%)
• Children 15 – 19 years (11.0%).
• DHS data shows more than 35.1% of the households in the urban Gambia are
within the youth age consisting of 11.0% (15-19 years), 9.6% (20-24 years), 8.3%
(25 – 29 years), and 6.2% (30 – 34 years).
5. Cont…Orphanhood
• The figures at the Local Government Area (LGA) level showsWest Coast Region of
Brikama-WCR has the highest percentage of children (4.2%) with deceased
fathers compared to 4.0% in both Banjul City Council –BCC and Kanifing Municipal
Counci - KMCl respectively.
• With regards to children with deceased mothers, KMC accounts for the highest
with 0.9%, followed byWCR 0.8% and BCC 0.5%.
• Similarly, KMC has the highest percentage of children not living with biological
parents 19.3% followed byWCR 19.0% and BCC 16.6%.
• Banjul City Council has the lowest percentage of children with one or both parents
deceased (single or double orphans) 7.5% while Kanifing Municipal Council and
West Coast Region share similar figures of orphans 9.0% and 8.9% respectively.
6. Other Child Rights Situations (Early / Child
Marriage, FGM /C, Child Labour, etc.)
• MICS (2018) and DHS (2019-2020) revealed the following issues;
• Low levels of birth registration
• Worst forms of child labor
• Child marriage
• Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting (FGM/C)
• Violence against children including violence as “discipline”
• Children orphaned by HIV/AIDS
• Sexual abuse of children whether at home, in the community or through tourism,
• Children without parental care
• Children with disabilities.
7. Cont…
• The 2022 Child Protection Analysis conducted by the MoGSW confirmed that
Gender-based violence (GBV) have been acknowledged as a violation of basic
human rights and a serious issue, due to its significant consequences, especially
for boys, girlsand women. Such violence generates immediate and long-lasting
effects, such as health burdens, and intergenerational effects.
8. Description of key questions and
objectives
• The overall objective of this assessment is to identify SOSCV Bakoteh Programme
Location Target Group, analyze their situations, needs, assets, suitability, and the
necessity for SOS care options and program services, and also analyze the
supporting environment, its assets, and different stakeholders.
• The key questions raised in the research were centred around the main issues such
as household income, vulnerability of children in the household, well-being of the
caregiver, number of children in the household, living arrangements, disability,
most common problems children face in the family setting, needs of children
without parental care or on the verge of losing parental care, orphan status of
children and risk factors that can increase lack of parental care.
9. Cont…
• At the community level, questions were asked around the existing structures for
child protection, adequacy and management, relevant stakeholders within such
settings, main responsibilities and implication for children within the area to
understand the best placed agency to address the needs of children within the
location.
10. Methodology and Sample Size
• In calculating the sample size,TaroYomane (1967) sample size formula was used to
establish a sample size of 399 with -/+5% margin of error (95% confidence level)
with 50% respondent distribution.
• The 399 sample size was adjusted to 421 to cover the selected enumeration areas
and cater for possible decline to respond since participation in this study is
completely voluntary.
• A total of 41 Enumeration Areas (EAs) were randomly selected with the following
proportionate distribution – Banjul (2 EAs), Kanifing (16 EAs) and West Coast
Region (22 EAs). The EA’s were used to administer both the survey and FGDs while
the KII respondents were purposively selected
11. Respondents/Household Interviews
0.1. Region
Total
Sex of
respondents Banjul Kanifing Brikama
Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent
Male 10
50.0
111
69.8
206
85.8
327
78.0
Female 10
50.0
48
30.2
34
14.2
92
22.0
Total 20
100.0
159
100.0
240
100.0
419
100.0
13. Cont…KIIs
• Interviewed: MoGCSW rep, SOS field staff, CPA, National Youth Council, Youth
Councillor of Banjul, Women Councillor of Banjul, Youth Councillor of KM, Youth
Councillor of BAC, Women Councillor of KM, Deputy Mayor of KM, Deputy CEO of
KM, Saama Kairo Federation, Redcross WCR, 13 KIIs
• Not Interviewed: Police, Brikama Area Council, 3 KII
14. Needs Assessment Results (Target Group
Analysis, Community assets and needs
analysis and Stakeholder Analysis)
• Survey Population
• Overall, out of the survey population of 3822 covered in the assessment, 29.1
percent were 0 – 10 years old, 26.6 percent were 11 – 20 years old and 18.2 percent
were 21 – 30 years old.
• The age-group 31 – 40 years 10.7 percent and the 41 - 50-year age-groups was 6.7
percent. Just over 4 percent were 51 – 60 years and similar proportions were more
than 60 years old
15. Cont…
• Marital Status
• In terms of the marital status of the population at the time of the assessment, 31.3
percent were married, 57.7 percent were single and 3 percent were widows
• Just over one percent were divorced and less than one percent were separated.
16. Cont…Target Group Analysis
• Out of the 1939 children recorded in the households of interview, it was noted that
for 96.5 percent of them the natural mothers were alive at the time of the
interview as opposed to 3.5 percent whose natural mothers were not alive.
• The proportion of children who lost their natural mothers was highest in the
Kanifing region with 3.9 percent followed by Brikama region with 3.4 percent.
Banjul had no children whose natural mother was not alive.
18. Cont…Children by residence with natural
mother
Does Natural mother
live in HH
Banjul Kanifing Brikama Total
count Percent count Percent count Percent count Percent
Yes 36 67.9 522 81.8 1013 85.6 1571 83.8
No 17 32.1 116 18.2 171 14.4 304 16.2
Total 53 100.0 638 100.0 1184 100.0 1875 100.0
19. Cont…Survival of natural father
Natural father
alive
Banjul Kanifing Brikama Total
count Percent count Percent count Percent count Percent
Yes 47 87.0 572 86.4 1092 89.1 1711 88.1
No
7 13.0 90 13.6 134 10.9 231 11.9
Total 54 100.0 662 100.0 1226 100.0 1942 100.0
20. Cont… Children by residence with natural
father
Does Natural father
live in HH Banjul Kanifing Brikama Total
count Percent count Percent count Percent count Percent
Yes
27 57.4 391 68.4 881 80.4 1299 75.7
No 20 42.6 181 31.6 215 19.6 416 24.3
Total 47 100.0 572 100.0 1096 100.0 1715 100.0
21. Cont…Children at risk of losing parental
care
• One parent died (35%)
• Both parents not gainfully employed (22.2%) are considered as the most common
deprived factors that negatively impact on the lives of children.
• Living with alternative caregiver (12.8%)
• Single parent/female headed household (12.2%)
• Both parents died (5%) have also been reported as deprived factors.
22. Cont…
• The majority thought that inadequate parental support and inadequate material
support were the most common problems with 70.5 percent and percent 49.3
percent respectively.
• Inadequate psychosocial support (10.2%) and hostile family environment (7.3%)
were also common problems mentioned by respondents
23. Cont…Needs of children
• Children should be supported with Education and Food was reported by 72
percent and 62.7 percent of respondents respectively.
• According to respondents, other types of support children need include Clothing
(32.2%) Health care (25.4%), and shelter (15.9%).
• Financial support, providing Skills training for youths and Create employment
opportunities were reported needs of children lacking parental care by 14.6
percent, 7.3 percent and 7.1 percent respectively.
24. Cont…Responsibility for vulnerable
children
Who is responsible to address
the needs of these children
Region
Total
Banjul Kanifing Brikama
Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent Count
Perce
nt
Community? 0 0.0 6 3.8 15
6.5
21
5.1
NGOs 4 20.0 14 8.8 40
17.4
58
14.1
Government 8 40.0 56 35.0 75
32.6
139
33.9
Family / Relatives 8 40.0 82 51.3 104
45.2
194
47.3
Others 0 0.0 1 0.6 4
1.7
5
1.2
Total 20 160 230
410
25. Cont… Education
• Overall 67.7 percent of children have ever attended school whilst about 32.3
percent never did.
• Banjul has the highest proportion of children that have been to school with 72
percent followed by Kanifing with 69.7 percent.
• The lowest was observed in Brikama with only 66.2 percent.
26. Cont…School attendance
• Results of the assessment show that less than half (43.9%) of the children covered
were not going to school at the time of the assessment as opposed to 56.1 percent
that were attending school.
• The proportions that were not attending school were highest in Banjul and
Kanifing with 54.5 percent and 47.1 percent respectively.
• Brikama has the lowest proportion of children not attending school at the time of
the assessment.
27. Cont…Reasons for not attending school
• 39 percent gave work as the reason for not attending school and the proportion
was highest in Banjul with 52.1 percent followed by Kanifing with 43.4 percent and
then Brikama with 33.8 percent.
• Marriage was the second most common reason why 20.8 percent of members
were not going to school at the time of the assessment. The highest proportions
were found in Brikama and Kanifing with 21.7 percent and 20.1 percent
respectively.
• For the 17.5 percent that indicated cost as the reason for not attending school at
the time of the assessment, the highest proportion was noted in Brikama with
22.5 percent and then Kanifing with 11.7 percent.
28. Cont…Disabilities
• With regards the type of disability, Walking was the most common type of
disability with 29.1 percent followed by Chronically illness (25.3%) and seeing
(20.3%).
• Hearing and speaking accounted for 8.9 percent and 7.6 percent respectively. The
proportion with other forms of disability was 8.9 percent.
29. Cont…Main source of income
• The results show that, overall, Self-employment (31.8%) and public employment
(20.1%) were the most common sources of Livelihoods for the households.
• Petty trading was the main source of Livelihoods for 15.1 percent of households.
• Other important sources of livelihood for the households were private
employment (9.3%) and Remittances (6.5%).
30. Cont…Three square meals
• 52.5 percent and 19.8 percent of respondents cited high cost of living and
unemployment respectively for the situations;
• 6.4 percent indicated that their main providers were not alive;
• Large family size and main provider being disabled/ill have been reported by 4.5
percent of respondents each.
31. Cont…Family size
• 23.1 percent were nuclear families as opposed to 76.9 percent that was of the
extended family type
Type of family
Region
Banjul Kanifing Brikama Total
Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent Count Percent
Nuclear 5 25.0 41 26.1 40 20.4 86 23.1
Extended 15 75.0 116 73.9 156 79.6 287 76.9
Total 20 100.0 157 100.0 196 100.0 373 100.0
32. Community Assets
• The findings show that parents/caregivers with some level of income and
education are susceptible to respond to the needs of children.
• Recurring themes that emerged in the discussions in relation to community assets
centered largely around the lack of or nonexistence of community assets for
vulnerable children.
• The family, particularly the extended family system appears to foster greater
protection for children in relation to risk of losing parental care.
• While the LGAs also noted their overall responsibility in providing safety nets for
vulnerable children, the family remains the most critical unit/structure in
ameliorating vulnerability of children.
33. Cont…
• Kinship and traditional caregivers are relatively present in the communities.
However, most of them are usually related to the child.
• Lack of resources, poverty, and unemployment and gender inequality as barriers
to the provision of quality service for child development.
• Most of the caregivers lamented the absence of trained social workers that can
engage them at the community level to build their skills on communication, skills
and child development.
• The number of community-based services offered in the areas is very limited if not
non-existent.
34. Cont…StakeholderAnalysis
• The assessment confirms that the key stakeholders of the institution include
LGAs, CSOs, Charities, Families and residential care homes.
• The assessment also looked at the state of such stakeholders within the child
protection system.
• In terms of community assets the respondents highlighted that most of the
communities have strategies to help vulnerable people including children but they
acknowledged that there is lack of capacity or support for children.
35. Cont…
• The following were identified by respondents as areas of intervention:
• Shelter
• education
• Food
• health care
• Clothing
• support to vulnerable people
• support to less privileged child sponsorship of child education centers for children social
welfare
• children in disaster settings
• sports.
36. Summary and Recommendations
• It appears from the assessment that SOS interventions such as responding to the
needs of children at risk of losing parental care or children without parental care
are apparently suitable for the overall conditions of households and children in the
location.
• For a sustainable care, through family-based foster care is a focal area for SOS
Children’s villages and the developmental needs of children and youth are best
met in family-like settings.
• Therefore, to increase capacity of caregivers and development partners is a key
strategy to achieving a comprehensive family-based child welfare system.
37. Cont..
• During, key informants interviews, some respondents opined that alternative care
placement for children and young people should be a measure of last resort as
families care provides a more sustainable support and care to children without or
at risk of losing parental care.
• They, however, further noted that child care services are expensive in light of the
recent price hike in all essential commodities.
• With meager resources, they called on government and development partners to
invest resources in the social protection system that strengthen and enhance the
capacity of families to provide protective care and service for children.
38. Cont…
• Furthermore, education, food and material support were identified as critical
priority needs for families and households.
• Medical needs have also being identified as one of the needs of the households in
the locations.
• It was equally suggested that to respond to the acute material needs of
household, child support should largely focus on the material well being of the
child as well as the social upbringing.
39. Recommendations
• Design an organizational structure that promotes coordination of child protection
interventions and support with SOS that reinforces inter-agency and community
cooperation and synergy for effective child protection case management at all
levels as well as enhance improved protective environment for children for
prevention and response to child rights violations.
• Conduct open forums with foster parents, advocates, care givers and SOS
Children’s Villages and communities with the initial goal of improving trust and
communications, and the ultimate goal of implementing programs to address the
vulnerability of children in the location through innovative programming that
increases local capabilities to manage risk and resilient to shocks such as COVID-
19 among other emergencies and disasters.
40. Cont…
• Assess effectiveness of community-based development efforts in relation to
children versus households and families and improve programmes aimed at
supporting vulnerable families to educate their children and fulfil their rights to
health, participation, and development in a protective environment;
• Intensify awareness raising efforts, through seminars, media programmes and
social mobilization, on child rights and child protection at school, community and
national levels;
41. Cont…
• Prioritized interventions around adolescence and youth engagement,
employment and livelihood support through trainings, mentoring, guidance and
coaching that mold them to skilled, engaged and informed citizens positively
impact their families, society and the country.
• Work with the Gender Education Unit of the Ministry of Basic and Secondary
Education and other NGOs to put in place a sensitization programme focusing on
enabling young mothers who are victims of teenage pregnancy to rejoin school
and complete their education cycle;
42. Cont…
• Support parents and caregivers with income generating activities to meet the
basic needs of their children and prevent child abuse;
• Design communication programme or multimedia campaigns to support social
norms that protect children and prevent child abuse and exploitation.
• Increase investment in social protection services that enhance the capacity of
families to provide require social, economic and social support, protection and
care to children especially those without or at risk of losing parental care.
