Lung cancer and mesothelioma are commonly caused by occupational and para-occupational asbestos exposure. Asbestos fibers are carcinogenic and can lead to lung cancer and mesothelioma even with low-level or brief exposures. While smoking increases the risk of lung cancer synergistically when combined with asbestos exposure, asbestos alone causes mesothelioma regardless of smoking status. Both malignant and non-malignant asbestos-related diseases have long latency periods of typically 20-30 years.
[Interdisciplinary Toxicology] Evaluation of miR-9 and miR-143 expression in ...mostafa khafaei
The document discusses a study that evaluated the expression levels of miR-9 and miR-143 in urine samples from 32 sulfur mustard exposed patients and 32 healthy subjects. The study found that the expression levels of both miR-9 and miR-143 were significantly decreased in the sulfur mustard exposed patients compared to the healthy subjects, with p-values of 0.0480 and 0.0272, respectively. This suggests an imbalance in several pathways involved in the pathogenic effects of sulfur mustard exposure, such as NF-κB signaling, TGF-β signaling, WNT pathway, inflammation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The decreases in miR-9 and miR-143 expression may play an important role in the pathogenicity of patients exposed to
Purpose: To investigate the effect of sulfur dioxide on the lung microbiota of healthy rats. Methods Fifteen male rats were randomly divided into high dose and low dose exposure group and control group. After 7 days of SO2 exposure, the lung tissues were obtained and the lung microbiota was identified by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Results The microbial community of lung microbiota was significantly alternated in the exposure group and the dominant phylum changed from Firmicutes to Proteobacteria. In addition, the SO2 exposure caused the bronchial wall thickening and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs of rats in exposure groups. Conclusions The results suggest that SO2 can significantly alter the lung microbiota and pathological structure of the lungs.
- Lung cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death worldwide, largely due to cigarette smoking.
- The vast majority (90-95%) of lung tumors are carcinomas. The remaining tumors are bronchial carcinoids (5%) and other miscellaneous neoplasms (2-5%).
- Cigarette smoking is overwhelmingly the largest risk factor for lung cancer, with 87% of cases occurring in smokers. Exposure to other carcinogens like asbestos, radiation, and certain industrial chemicals also increases lung cancer risk.
This study analyzed burn wound swabs collected from 187 hospitalized patients over 3 years to identify aerobic bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic resistance patterns. The most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (49.4% of isolates), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (22.2%) and various Enterobacteriaceae species. P. aeruginosa demonstrated high resistance to many commonly used antibiotics but was most susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem. 59% of S. aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant but all were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria indicates a need for improved infection control and empiric antibiotic strategies tailored to
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Radiofrequency Dielectric Dispersion P...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
[Interdisciplinary Toxicology] Evaluation of miR-9 and miR-143 expression in ...mostafa khafaei
The document discusses a study that evaluated the expression levels of miR-9 and miR-143 in urine samples from 32 sulfur mustard exposed patients and 32 healthy subjects. The study found that the expression levels of both miR-9 and miR-143 were significantly decreased in the sulfur mustard exposed patients compared to the healthy subjects, with p-values of 0.0480 and 0.0272, respectively. This suggests an imbalance in several pathways involved in the pathogenic effects of sulfur mustard exposure, such as NF-κB signaling, TGF-β signaling, WNT pathway, inflammation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The decreases in miR-9 and miR-143 expression may play an important role in the pathogenicity of patients exposed to
Purpose: To investigate the effect of sulfur dioxide on the lung microbiota of healthy rats. Methods Fifteen male rats were randomly divided into high dose and low dose exposure group and control group. After 7 days of SO2 exposure, the lung tissues were obtained and the lung microbiota was identified by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Results The microbial community of lung microbiota was significantly alternated in the exposure group and the dominant phylum changed from Firmicutes to Proteobacteria. In addition, the SO2 exposure caused the bronchial wall thickening and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs of rats in exposure groups. Conclusions The results suggest that SO2 can significantly alter the lung microbiota and pathological structure of the lungs.
- Lung cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death worldwide, largely due to cigarette smoking.
- The vast majority (90-95%) of lung tumors are carcinomas. The remaining tumors are bronchial carcinoids (5%) and other miscellaneous neoplasms (2-5%).
- Cigarette smoking is overwhelmingly the largest risk factor for lung cancer, with 87% of cases occurring in smokers. Exposure to other carcinogens like asbestos, radiation, and certain industrial chemicals also increases lung cancer risk.
This study analyzed burn wound swabs collected from 187 hospitalized patients over 3 years to identify aerobic bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic resistance patterns. The most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (49.4% of isolates), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (22.2%) and various Enterobacteriaceae species. P. aeruginosa demonstrated high resistance to many commonly used antibiotics but was most susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem. 59% of S. aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant but all were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria indicates a need for improved infection control and empiric antibiotic strategies tailored to
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Radiofrequency Dielectric Dispersion P...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
88 24-1853 051.812.955.17 folder to Tax ReturnSandro Suzart
This study examined the association between genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genes and the risk of developing asbestos-related pulmonary disorders in Finnish construction workers with high asbestos exposure. The risk of developing malignant mesothelioma or nonmalignant pulmonary disorders was not significantly associated with GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes. However, individuals with the NAT2 slow acetylator genotype had over a two-fold increased risk of developing asbestos-related pulmonary disorders compared to those with the fast acetylator genotype. Those with both the GSTM1 null genotype and NAT2 slow acetyl
Asbestos refers to six minerals that occur naturally as hardy, heat-resistant fibers. Long-term exposure to asbestos through inhalation or ingestion can lead to serious health issues like mesothelioma, asbestosis, and lung cancer. Precautions like proper ventilation and protective equipment can reduce the risks of asbestos exposure for those working with asbestos-containing materials. Asbestos was commonly used in construction and insulation but its use has declined due to health concerns.
Lung cancer arises from a multistep carcinogenesis process involving genetic and epigenetic alterations. The major risk factors are smoking, asbestos exposure, radon exposure, and chronic lung diseases. Lung anatomy is described including lobes, segments, and lymph node levels. Pathologic staging uses the TNM system and determines prognosis and treatment. A thorough workup is needed to identify metastatic disease.
Health Surveillance of asbestos-exposed workers at Helsinki Asbestos 2014Työterveyslaitos
This document discusses health surveillance of asbestos-exposed workers. It summarizes various asbestos-related diseases such as asbestosis, pleural plaques, and mesothelioma. It notes that CT scans have found more early-stage lung cancers in asbestos workers but have not reduced mortality. Biomarkers and microRNAs show promise as screening tools but require more research. Lung function tests and smoking cessation also remain important aspects of health surveillance for these workers. Overall, the benefits of screening must be weighed against the risks of repeated radiation exposure and invasive follow-up procedures.
Putting Together The Pieces: A Guide For Mesothelioma Patients & FamiliesThe Law Buzz
The white paper will provide a Mesothelioma Patient Guide. This will include background on asbestos-related diseases, a FAQ answering common questions, treatments/clinical trials & legal remedies.
1. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is classified into several histological subtypes including squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
2. Tobacco smoking is the largest risk factor for lung cancer, with the risk increasing based on duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked per day. Other risk factors include exposure to secondhand smoke, radiation, asbestos, arsenic and other chemicals.
3. The molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer development involve abnormalities in growth signaling pathways, evasion of apoptosis, epigenetic changes, and abnormalities in tumor suppressor gene pathways. Mutations in genes like p53 and KRAS contribute to
Occupational epidemiology and exposure assessmentRetired
Occupational exposure estimation and epidemiology are important for reliably assessing health risks. Asbestos exposure has been clearly linked to lung cancer and mesothelioma through epidemiological studies of occupational cohorts. Accurately estimating historical exposures is challenging but important, as even short term asbestos exposure can carry meaningful risks. Parents were advised that children playing with dumped asbestos roofing materials posed a serious public health risk, and that brief asbestos exposure during childhood could increase future mesothelioma risk.
Occupational epidemiology and exposure assessmentRetired
This document discusses occupational epidemiology and exposure estimation. It provides an overview of assessing exposure to hazardous substances like asbestos through inhalation in occupational settings. Key points include defining exposure, estimating exposure through job histories and monitoring, and the importance of accurate exposure estimates for reliable risk assessment. Case studies on asbestos epidemiology and estimating exposures in a coke works are presented. The challenges of historic exposure data and limits on exposure levels are also covered.
This document summarizes key information about occupational cancer including:
- The challenges of identifying occupational carcinogens and estimating occupational cancer cases
- Known occupational exposures and industries associated with increased cancer risks such as asbestos, silica, diesel exhaust and various industries associated with increased lung, breast and other cancers
- Issues with testing for occupational carcinogens including low and mixed exposures in workplaces
- Estimates that occupational exposures may account for 2-8% of cancers in developed countries
- Specific increased cancer risks found among various occupations and industries in New Jersey cancer registry studies
- Occupational exposure limits and regulations from OSHA and EPA regarding asbestos and other carcinogens.
This document summarizes key information about occupational cancer including:
- The challenges of identifying occupational carcinogens and estimating occupational cancer cases
- Known occupational exposures and industries associated with increased cancer risks such as asbestos, silica, diesel exhaust and various industries associated with increased lung, breast and other cancers
- Issues with testing for occupational carcinogens including low and mixed exposures in workplaces
- Estimates that occupational exposures may account for 2-8% of cancers in developed countries
- Specific increased cancer risks found among various occupations and industries in New Jersey cancer registry studies
- Occupational exposure limits and regulations from OSHA and EPA regarding asbestos and other carcinogens.
This study estimates the current and future burden of cancer in Great Britain due to occupational exposures. Currently there are about 8,000 cancer deaths and 14,000 new cancer cases attributed to past work. Lung cancer, mesothelioma and breast cancer account for most occupational cancer deaths. The construction industry has the highest attributable cancer burden. Interventions like lowering exposure limits and improving compliance could substantially reduce the future cancer burden from substances like respirable crystalline silica. Monitoring exposure levels over time is key to evaluating the success of interventions in reducing occupational cancer risk.
Exposure assessment for occupational epidemiology part 1Retired
The aim of this lecture is to provide an introduction to occupational exposures and the strategies used in epidemiological studies to assess exposure of subjects.
Hstoria del tratamiento de cáncer del pulmónMauricio Lema
Lung cancer treatment has progressed significantly over the past century. Early advances included the development of bronchoscopy in the early 1900s to examine the lungs, as well as the identification of tobacco as a major risk factor in the mid-1900s. Important milestones since then include the introduction of chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Screening trials now show that low-dose CT scans can reduce lung cancer mortality in heavy smokers. While lung cancer prognosis remains poor, targeted treatments and screening hold promise for improving outcomes over time.
Subchronic Inhalation Exposure of Rats to Libby Amphibole and Amosite Asbesto...EPL, Inc.
“Subchronic Inhalation Exposure of Rats to Libby Amphibole and Amosite Asbestos: Effects at 18 Months Post Exposure.” Willson GA (presenter), Dodd DA, Roberts KC, Wall HG, Jarabek AM, Gavett SH. The 33rd Society of Toxicologic Pathology Annual Meeting. Washington, DC. June 22-26, 2014.
“Subchronic Inhalation Exposure of Rats to Libby Amphibole and Amosite Asbestos: Effects at 18 Months Post Exposure.” Dodd DA (presenter), Willson GA, Roberts KC, Wall HG, Jarabek AM, Gavett SH. The 53rd Annual Society of Toxicology Meeting. Phoenix, AZ. March 23-27, 2014.
For full-resolution viewing, please open or save as a PDF.
My presentation at NIOSH Asbestos Roadmap meetingRetired
This is a presentation I made at a meeting to discuss the NIOSH Roadmap for further research into the health hazards associated with asbestos and other elongated mineral particles.
This study analyzed 747 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosed between 1996-2003 at hospitals in Egypt. Most patients were males between 40-60 years old living in industrial areas. The main presenting symptoms were dyspnea and chest pain. Asbestos exposure was identified as the primary risk factor. Diagnosis was typically made via biopsy and patients had poor prognosis, surviving on average 12 months after diagnosis. The study concluded that mesothelioma is increasing in Egypt likely due to asbestos exposure and recommended preventative measures to reduce asbestos pollution.
Industrial and agricultural activities over the last 50 years have significantly increased the concentration of toxic pollutants in the environment such as PAHs, PCBs, chlorophenols, nitrophenols, and BTEX. Most of these substances are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Environmental pollution accounts for over 55% of all cancers according to the WHO. Carcinogens may be chemical, physical, or biological agents that can cause cancer. They may act as initiators that alter DNA or promoters that encourage uncontrolled cell growth. Cancer rates are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades due to rising environmental pollution.
Running Head SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCERSMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER .docxagnesdcarey33086
Running Head: SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER
SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER 4
Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Kimberly Crawford
Kaplan University
September 24, 2013
Small-Cell Lung Cancer
The literature review will examine small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) also referred to as oat cell carcinoma, which is a deadly disease that connected to tobacco smoking. It has been established that small lung cancer causes 10-18 percent of all the cancer cases. The cancer starts in the lungs and moves to the rest body very fast. The literature will emphasize the fact that the disease is not curable; nonetheless if correct treatment method is administered during the early stages of the disease the disease will be treated. Therefore, the literature review will examine the causes and methods used to treat the disease (Sørensen et al, 2010).
Sørensen et al (2010) argue that SCLC is more prevalent in men than in women, and in most instances the common form of SCLC to have symptoms called paraneoplatic syndrome-which is symptoms as a result of hormones secreted by a tumor or through body immune system of the body as a form of response to a tumor. Symptoms of this kind of cancer include coughing up blood, persistent cough, shortness of breath, swelling of the neck and face, wheezing and repeated episodes of bronchitis or pneumonia (Sørensen et al, 2010).
According to Capizzello et al (2011), SCLC develops rapidly; however, it responds well to chemotherapy because it tends to become more resistant to any treatment as it progresses. It starts in the large bronchi and spreads to the brain. Small-cell lung cancer gets its name because observed under a microscope is mostly filled with nucleus. The disease is divided into two categories namely extensive and limited. It has been confirmed that 60 to 70 percent of the people already suffers from extensive stage SCLC at the period when one is diagnosed. Of all the cancer, SCLC is the most aggressive type of lung cancer. Ismaili (2011) says that since this type of cancer normally metastasizes broadly very early on in the natural history of the tumor, and since almost all cases of the disease respond intensely to radiotherapy and /or ‘complete response , there have been no significant role of surgery of the disease since 1970s. However, in the recent research it has been established that surgical excision can be used to improve survival when administered at the early stages of the disease before chemotherapy (Capizzello et al, 2011).
Argiris and Murren (2001) say that since SCLC spreads very fast through the body, treatment must comprise cancer-killing drugs, which chemotherapy is taken orally or vaccinated into the body. In many cases, the chemotherapy drug etoposide sometimes called irinotecan is integrated with either carboplatin or cisplatin. Therefore, combination of radiation and chemotherapy treatment is administered to individual.
Total body irradiation (TBI) involves irradiating the entire body and is used as a conditioning regimen prior to bone marrow transplantation. It aims to eliminate malignant cells, suppress the immune system to allow donor bone marrow engraftment, and deplete existing bone marrow. TBI is delivered via linear accelerators and various techniques including anterior-posterior fields. Intensity modulated radiation therapy and other advanced techniques aim to reduce toxicity risks to organs like the lungs and heart. Acute side effects include nausea and vomiting while long term risks include secondary cancers and lung/liver damage. The risk of secondary malignancies is reduced by using fractionated lower TBI doses.
Can Allopathy and Homeopathy Be Used Together in India.pdfDharma Homoeopathy
This article explores the potential for combining allopathy and homeopathy in India, examining the benefits, challenges, and the emerging field of integrative medicine.
Chandrima Spa Ajman is one of the leading Massage Center in Ajman, which is open 24 hours exclusively for men. Being one of the most affordable Spa in Ajman, we offer Body to Body massage, Kerala Massage, Malayali Massage, Indian Massage, Pakistani Massage Russian massage, Thai massage, Swedish massage, Hot Stone Massage, Deep Tissue Massage, and many more. Indulge in the ultimate massage experience and book your appointment today. We are confident that you will leave our Massage spa feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to take on the world.
Visit : https://massagespaajman.com/
Call : 052 987 1315
88 24-1853 051.812.955.17 folder to Tax ReturnSandro Suzart
This study examined the association between genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genes and the risk of developing asbestos-related pulmonary disorders in Finnish construction workers with high asbestos exposure. The risk of developing malignant mesothelioma or nonmalignant pulmonary disorders was not significantly associated with GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes. However, individuals with the NAT2 slow acetylator genotype had over a two-fold increased risk of developing asbestos-related pulmonary disorders compared to those with the fast acetylator genotype. Those with both the GSTM1 null genotype and NAT2 slow acetyl
Asbestos refers to six minerals that occur naturally as hardy, heat-resistant fibers. Long-term exposure to asbestos through inhalation or ingestion can lead to serious health issues like mesothelioma, asbestosis, and lung cancer. Precautions like proper ventilation and protective equipment can reduce the risks of asbestos exposure for those working with asbestos-containing materials. Asbestos was commonly used in construction and insulation but its use has declined due to health concerns.
Lung cancer arises from a multistep carcinogenesis process involving genetic and epigenetic alterations. The major risk factors are smoking, asbestos exposure, radon exposure, and chronic lung diseases. Lung anatomy is described including lobes, segments, and lymph node levels. Pathologic staging uses the TNM system and determines prognosis and treatment. A thorough workup is needed to identify metastatic disease.
Health Surveillance of asbestos-exposed workers at Helsinki Asbestos 2014Työterveyslaitos
This document discusses health surveillance of asbestos-exposed workers. It summarizes various asbestos-related diseases such as asbestosis, pleural plaques, and mesothelioma. It notes that CT scans have found more early-stage lung cancers in asbestos workers but have not reduced mortality. Biomarkers and microRNAs show promise as screening tools but require more research. Lung function tests and smoking cessation also remain important aspects of health surveillance for these workers. Overall, the benefits of screening must be weighed against the risks of repeated radiation exposure and invasive follow-up procedures.
Putting Together The Pieces: A Guide For Mesothelioma Patients & FamiliesThe Law Buzz
The white paper will provide a Mesothelioma Patient Guide. This will include background on asbestos-related diseases, a FAQ answering common questions, treatments/clinical trials & legal remedies.
1. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is classified into several histological subtypes including squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
2. Tobacco smoking is the largest risk factor for lung cancer, with the risk increasing based on duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked per day. Other risk factors include exposure to secondhand smoke, radiation, asbestos, arsenic and other chemicals.
3. The molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer development involve abnormalities in growth signaling pathways, evasion of apoptosis, epigenetic changes, and abnormalities in tumor suppressor gene pathways. Mutations in genes like p53 and KRAS contribute to
Occupational epidemiology and exposure assessmentRetired
Occupational exposure estimation and epidemiology are important for reliably assessing health risks. Asbestos exposure has been clearly linked to lung cancer and mesothelioma through epidemiological studies of occupational cohorts. Accurately estimating historical exposures is challenging but important, as even short term asbestos exposure can carry meaningful risks. Parents were advised that children playing with dumped asbestos roofing materials posed a serious public health risk, and that brief asbestos exposure during childhood could increase future mesothelioma risk.
Occupational epidemiology and exposure assessmentRetired
This document discusses occupational epidemiology and exposure estimation. It provides an overview of assessing exposure to hazardous substances like asbestos through inhalation in occupational settings. Key points include defining exposure, estimating exposure through job histories and monitoring, and the importance of accurate exposure estimates for reliable risk assessment. Case studies on asbestos epidemiology and estimating exposures in a coke works are presented. The challenges of historic exposure data and limits on exposure levels are also covered.
This document summarizes key information about occupational cancer including:
- The challenges of identifying occupational carcinogens and estimating occupational cancer cases
- Known occupational exposures and industries associated with increased cancer risks such as asbestos, silica, diesel exhaust and various industries associated with increased lung, breast and other cancers
- Issues with testing for occupational carcinogens including low and mixed exposures in workplaces
- Estimates that occupational exposures may account for 2-8% of cancers in developed countries
- Specific increased cancer risks found among various occupations and industries in New Jersey cancer registry studies
- Occupational exposure limits and regulations from OSHA and EPA regarding asbestos and other carcinogens.
This document summarizes key information about occupational cancer including:
- The challenges of identifying occupational carcinogens and estimating occupational cancer cases
- Known occupational exposures and industries associated with increased cancer risks such as asbestos, silica, diesel exhaust and various industries associated with increased lung, breast and other cancers
- Issues with testing for occupational carcinogens including low and mixed exposures in workplaces
- Estimates that occupational exposures may account for 2-8% of cancers in developed countries
- Specific increased cancer risks found among various occupations and industries in New Jersey cancer registry studies
- Occupational exposure limits and regulations from OSHA and EPA regarding asbestos and other carcinogens.
This study estimates the current and future burden of cancer in Great Britain due to occupational exposures. Currently there are about 8,000 cancer deaths and 14,000 new cancer cases attributed to past work. Lung cancer, mesothelioma and breast cancer account for most occupational cancer deaths. The construction industry has the highest attributable cancer burden. Interventions like lowering exposure limits and improving compliance could substantially reduce the future cancer burden from substances like respirable crystalline silica. Monitoring exposure levels over time is key to evaluating the success of interventions in reducing occupational cancer risk.
Exposure assessment for occupational epidemiology part 1Retired
The aim of this lecture is to provide an introduction to occupational exposures and the strategies used in epidemiological studies to assess exposure of subjects.
Hstoria del tratamiento de cáncer del pulmónMauricio Lema
Lung cancer treatment has progressed significantly over the past century. Early advances included the development of bronchoscopy in the early 1900s to examine the lungs, as well as the identification of tobacco as a major risk factor in the mid-1900s. Important milestones since then include the introduction of chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Screening trials now show that low-dose CT scans can reduce lung cancer mortality in heavy smokers. While lung cancer prognosis remains poor, targeted treatments and screening hold promise for improving outcomes over time.
Subchronic Inhalation Exposure of Rats to Libby Amphibole and Amosite Asbesto...EPL, Inc.
“Subchronic Inhalation Exposure of Rats to Libby Amphibole and Amosite Asbestos: Effects at 18 Months Post Exposure.” Willson GA (presenter), Dodd DA, Roberts KC, Wall HG, Jarabek AM, Gavett SH. The 33rd Society of Toxicologic Pathology Annual Meeting. Washington, DC. June 22-26, 2014.
“Subchronic Inhalation Exposure of Rats to Libby Amphibole and Amosite Asbestos: Effects at 18 Months Post Exposure.” Dodd DA (presenter), Willson GA, Roberts KC, Wall HG, Jarabek AM, Gavett SH. The 53rd Annual Society of Toxicology Meeting. Phoenix, AZ. March 23-27, 2014.
For full-resolution viewing, please open or save as a PDF.
My presentation at NIOSH Asbestos Roadmap meetingRetired
This is a presentation I made at a meeting to discuss the NIOSH Roadmap for further research into the health hazards associated with asbestos and other elongated mineral particles.
This study analyzed 747 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosed between 1996-2003 at hospitals in Egypt. Most patients were males between 40-60 years old living in industrial areas. The main presenting symptoms were dyspnea and chest pain. Asbestos exposure was identified as the primary risk factor. Diagnosis was typically made via biopsy and patients had poor prognosis, surviving on average 12 months after diagnosis. The study concluded that mesothelioma is increasing in Egypt likely due to asbestos exposure and recommended preventative measures to reduce asbestos pollution.
Industrial and agricultural activities over the last 50 years have significantly increased the concentration of toxic pollutants in the environment such as PAHs, PCBs, chlorophenols, nitrophenols, and BTEX. Most of these substances are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Environmental pollution accounts for over 55% of all cancers according to the WHO. Carcinogens may be chemical, physical, or biological agents that can cause cancer. They may act as initiators that alter DNA or promoters that encourage uncontrolled cell growth. Cancer rates are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades due to rising environmental pollution.
Running Head SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCERSMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER .docxagnesdcarey33086
Running Head: SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER
SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER 4
Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Kimberly Crawford
Kaplan University
September 24, 2013
Small-Cell Lung Cancer
The literature review will examine small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) also referred to as oat cell carcinoma, which is a deadly disease that connected to tobacco smoking. It has been established that small lung cancer causes 10-18 percent of all the cancer cases. The cancer starts in the lungs and moves to the rest body very fast. The literature will emphasize the fact that the disease is not curable; nonetheless if correct treatment method is administered during the early stages of the disease the disease will be treated. Therefore, the literature review will examine the causes and methods used to treat the disease (Sørensen et al, 2010).
Sørensen et al (2010) argue that SCLC is more prevalent in men than in women, and in most instances the common form of SCLC to have symptoms called paraneoplatic syndrome-which is symptoms as a result of hormones secreted by a tumor or through body immune system of the body as a form of response to a tumor. Symptoms of this kind of cancer include coughing up blood, persistent cough, shortness of breath, swelling of the neck and face, wheezing and repeated episodes of bronchitis or pneumonia (Sørensen et al, 2010).
According to Capizzello et al (2011), SCLC develops rapidly; however, it responds well to chemotherapy because it tends to become more resistant to any treatment as it progresses. It starts in the large bronchi and spreads to the brain. Small-cell lung cancer gets its name because observed under a microscope is mostly filled with nucleus. The disease is divided into two categories namely extensive and limited. It has been confirmed that 60 to 70 percent of the people already suffers from extensive stage SCLC at the period when one is diagnosed. Of all the cancer, SCLC is the most aggressive type of lung cancer. Ismaili (2011) says that since this type of cancer normally metastasizes broadly very early on in the natural history of the tumor, and since almost all cases of the disease respond intensely to radiotherapy and /or ‘complete response , there have been no significant role of surgery of the disease since 1970s. However, in the recent research it has been established that surgical excision can be used to improve survival when administered at the early stages of the disease before chemotherapy (Capizzello et al, 2011).
Argiris and Murren (2001) say that since SCLC spreads very fast through the body, treatment must comprise cancer-killing drugs, which chemotherapy is taken orally or vaccinated into the body. In many cases, the chemotherapy drug etoposide sometimes called irinotecan is integrated with either carboplatin or cisplatin. Therefore, combination of radiation and chemotherapy treatment is administered to individual.
Total body irradiation (TBI) involves irradiating the entire body and is used as a conditioning regimen prior to bone marrow transplantation. It aims to eliminate malignant cells, suppress the immune system to allow donor bone marrow engraftment, and deplete existing bone marrow. TBI is delivered via linear accelerators and various techniques including anterior-posterior fields. Intensity modulated radiation therapy and other advanced techniques aim to reduce toxicity risks to organs like the lungs and heart. Acute side effects include nausea and vomiting while long term risks include secondary cancers and lung/liver damage. The risk of secondary malignancies is reduced by using fractionated lower TBI doses.
Can Allopathy and Homeopathy Be Used Together in India.pdfDharma Homoeopathy
This article explores the potential for combining allopathy and homeopathy in India, examining the benefits, challenges, and the emerging field of integrative medicine.
Chandrima Spa Ajman is one of the leading Massage Center in Ajman, which is open 24 hours exclusively for men. Being one of the most affordable Spa in Ajman, we offer Body to Body massage, Kerala Massage, Malayali Massage, Indian Massage, Pakistani Massage Russian massage, Thai massage, Swedish massage, Hot Stone Massage, Deep Tissue Massage, and many more. Indulge in the ultimate massage experience and book your appointment today. We are confident that you will leave our Massage spa feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to take on the world.
Visit : https://massagespaajman.com/
Call : 052 987 1315
Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
We are one of the top Massage Spa Ajman Our highly skilled, experienced, and certified massage therapists from different corners of the world are committed to serving you with a soothing and relaxing experience. Luxuriate yourself at our spas in Sharjah and Ajman, which are indeed enriched with an ambiance of relaxation and tranquility. We could confidently claim that we are one of the most affordable Spa Ajman and Sharjah as well, where you can book the massage session of your choice for just 99 AED at any time as we are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Visit : https://massagespaajman.com/
Call : 052 987 1315
DECODING THE RISKS - ALCOHOL, TOBACCO & DRUGS.pdfDr Rachana Gujar
Introduction: Substance use education is crucial due to its prevalence and societal impact.
Alcohol Use: Immediate and long-term risks include impaired judgment, health issues, and social consequences.
Tobacco Use: Immediate effects include increased heart rate, while long-term risks encompass cancer and heart disease.
Drug Use: Risks vary depending on the drug type, including health and psychological implications.
Prevention Strategies: Education, healthy coping mechanisms, community support, and policies are vital in preventing substance use.
Harm Reduction Strategies: Safe use practices, medication-assisted treatment, and naloxone availability aim to reduce harm.
Seeking Help for Addiction: Recognizing signs, available treatments, support systems, and resources are essential for recovery.
Personal Stories: Real stories of recovery emphasize hope and resilience.
Interactive Q&A: Engage the audience and encourage discussion.
Conclusion: Recap key points and emphasize the importance of awareness, prevention, and seeking help.
Resources: Provide contact information and links for further support.
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian FailureR3 Stem Cell
Discover the groundbreaking advancements in stem cell therapy by R3 Stem Cell, offering new hope for women with ovarian failure. This innovative treatment aims to restore ovarian function, improve fertility, and enhance overall well-being, revolutionizing reproductive health for women worldwide.
Can coffee help me lose weight? Yes, 25,422 users in the USA use it for that ...nirahealhty
The South Beach Coffee Java Diet is a variation of the popular South Beach Diet, which was developed by cardiologist Dr. Arthur Agatston. The original South Beach Diet focuses on consuming lean proteins, healthy fats, and low-glycemic index carbohydrates. The South Beach Coffee Java Diet adds the element of coffee, specifically caffeine, to enhance weight loss and improve energy levels.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
1. Lung cancer and mesothelioma due to occupational
and para-occupational asbestos exposure
Dr. MALAY SARKAR
Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla
2. Asbestos
About 125 million people in the world are exposed to
asbestos at the workplace.
All forms are carcinogenic
Asbestos: leading cause of occupationally-related cancer
death (~50%)
Second most fatal manufactured carcinogen (after
tobacco).
Fibers: long and thin fibers (>5 μm long, <3 μm wide, with
aspect ratio (length to width) ≥3:1)
Rushton L, et al. Occup Environ Med. 2008;65(12):789-800.
WHO Asbestos: elimination of asbestos-related diseases 2018
3. Arthur L Frank and TK Joshi. Annals of Global Health 2014;80:257-262
4. Morphological classification: asbestos fibers
Serpentine group:
Curly fibers
Amphibole group
Straight fibers
Chrysotile (white asbestos)
1. Amosite (brown asbestos),
2. Crocidolite (blue asbestos)
3. Anthophyllite (yellow asbestos)
4. Actinolite,
5. Tremolite
90% to 95% of asbestos used
worldwide.
Tweedale G: Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2(4):311-315
5. Amphibole fibers are all straight
and needle-like in their microscopic
appearance.
Chrysotile asbestos: Serpentine
fibers appear wavy under low
magnification
Arthur L Frank and TK Joshi. Annals of Global Health 2014;80:257-262
6. Asbestos-related lung diseases
Non-malignant:
Asbestosis
Benign asbestotic pleural effusion
Malignant:
Lung cancer
Mesothelioma (pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and testicular)
GIT cancer (esophagus, stomach and colo-rectal)
Oropharynx
Larynx
Renal and ovary
Lancet Oncol. 2009 May; 10(5):453-4.
7. Lynch KM, Smith WA. Pulmonary asbestosis: carcinoma of the
lung in asbestos-silicosis. Am J Cancer 1935; 24: 56.
Gloyne SR. Two cases of squamous carcinoma of the lung
occurring in asbestosis. Tubercle 1935; 17: 5.
8. Globally, approximately 75% of lung cancer cases are attributable
in part to smoking Tobacco
Field et al. Clin Chest Med 2012;33:681–703
Doll and Peto estimated that occupational exposures are
responsible for 15% and 5% of lung cancer in men and women,
respectively, in the United States
Doll R, Peto R. J Natl Cancer Inst 1981;66:1191–308.
9. Asbestos-related lung cancer
No specific clinical features
No predilection for any specific location or histologic types
Smoking and asbestos: multiplicative or sub-multiplicative
effect
Persistence of the risk after cessation of exposure
Long latency period of 20-30 years
Linear dose-response relationship
Threshold dose??
Arch Environ Occup Health 2014;69(4):191-206.
Nat Rev Cancer2002 Apr;2(4):311-5.
10. 1. Mesothelioma: 85–90% caused by asbestos exposure
2. Latent period: usually 30-40 years and a minimum of 10
years
3. Any occupational history of brief or low-level exposure
should be considered sufficient for mesothelioma to be
designated as occupationally related
4. Smoking has no influence on the risk of mesothelioma
Asbestos and malignant mesothelioma
Roggli VL et al. Mesothelioma. In: Roggli VL, Greenberg SD,Pratt PC, ed. Pathology of
asbestos associated diseases. Boston: Little Brown and Co,1992:109-64.
12. Multiplicative effects
Asbestos exposure only: 5-fold risk
Smoking alone: 10-fold risk
Smokers with Asbestos exposure :
50-fold above that for unexposed
Asbestos exposure, smoking and lung cancer
Selikoff et al.JAMA 1968 Apr 8;204(2):106-12.
0 20 40 60
Chronic smoking
Asbestos
Combined
Lung cancer risk: synergism
between smoking and Asbestos
exposure
Series1
13. Group Death rate (Rate per 100,000
man-years standardized for
age)
Mortality ratio
Asbestos(-), Smoker (-) 11.3 1.0
Asbestos (+), Smoker(-) 58.4 5.2
Asbestos(-), Smoker(+) 122.6 10.9
Asbestos (+), Smoker(+) 601.6 53.2
Hammond EC, et al. Asbestos exposure, cigarette smoking and death rates. Ann N
Y Acad Sci. 1979;330:473-90.
17. Chrysotile fibers break apart from fiber bundles and
multiply once within the lung, while the amphiboles do
not. This means a higher rate of chrysotile in the lungs and
a higher rate of translocation from the lungs to pleura
Statement of Dr. RA Lemen on NIOSH asbestos roadmap 2007
18. Bellman B, et al. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1987; 31(4B), 693-709.
19. Results of fibre analyses at surgery (first
tissue excision) and autopsy (second tissue
excision) in relation to time from 10
patients.
Pulmonary asbestos fibre burden was stable between both examinations. Electron
microscopy demonstrated: predominant chrysotile (median 80%).
Feder et al. Eur Respir J 2017; 49: 1602534
20. Type of asbestos Carcinoma Mesothelioma
Amosite 11 1
Anthophyllite 16 2
Crocidolite 16 4
Canadian chrysotile 17 4
Rhodesian
chrysotile
30 0
Controls 0 0
Br. J. Cancer 1974;29:252
21. Loomis et al. Occup Environ Med 2009;66:535–542.
Follow-up of 5770 workers working between 1950 and 1973 in
any of four plants in North Carolina, USA
Conclusion:
“Exposure to Chrysotile asbestos in textile manufacturing is
associated with increased risk of lung cancer, asbestosis
and Mesothelioma”
22. All fibers are pathogenic to human
All forms of asbestos (IARC Group 1), including
chrysotile, are causally associated with an increased
risk of cancer of the lung, larynx, and ovary;
mesothelioma; and asbestosis.
World Health Organization. Chrysotile Asbestos. Geneva, Switzerland:
WHO. 2014.
Collegium Ramazzini :Ann Glob Health. 2016 Jan-Feb;82(1):209-13.
23. Stanton hypothesis:
“Long (≥8 mm in length) and thin (≤0.25 mm in
width) asbestos fibers are strongly carcinogenic”
But
shorter and thicker fibers pose less risk
Stanton MF et al. JNCI 1981;67:965–975
26. Suzuki et al. Industrial Health 2001, 39, 150–160
Asbestos fibers in the lung and mesothelial tissues (mesotheliomatous tissue
and hyaline plaque) taken from 151 human malignant mesothelioma cases were
identified and characterized by high resolution analytical electron microscopy.
Lung tissues: Chrysotile with
amphiboles: 39.1%
Amphiboles: 35.2% Chrysotile: 25.7%
Mesothelial tissues: Chrysotile: 77.2% Chrysotile plus
amphibole: 20.8%
Amphibole: 2.0%
27. Suzuki et al. Industrial Health 2001, 39, 150–160
The majority (81.4%) of asbestos fibers detected in the lung
and mesothelial tissues were shorter than 5 μm in length.
28. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2005;208(3):201-10.
Long, thin asbestos fibers: only 2.3% of total fibers
Fibers ≤ 5 mm in length: 89.4%
Fibers ≤ 0.25 mm in width: 92.7%
Chrysotile was the most common asbestos type to be categorized as short,
thin asbestos fibers.
Conclusion:
Contrary to the Stanton hypothesis, short, thin, asbestos fibers appear to
contribute to the causation of human malignant mesothelioma. These
findings suggest that it is not prudent to take the position that short
asbestos fibers convey little risk of disease.
29. Stanton and Wrench. J Nat Cancer Inst 1972; 48: 797-821
Animal experiment:
Amosite, chrysotile, and crocidolite yielded equally high
incidences of pleural mesothelioma in the range of 58-75%.
31. Dodson et al. Am J Ind Med. 2003 Sep;44(3):291-7.
Reviewed animal and human literature related to the fiber
length
Conclusions:
Asbestos fibers of all lengths induce pathological responses and
that caution should be exerted when attempting to exclude any
population of inhaled fibers, based on their length, from being
contributors to the potential for development of asbestos-
related diseases.
32. There is no safe limit to any asbestos: anything
above background can cause cancer in human
33. Exposure Rats Carcinoma Mesothelioma
1 day 219 3 2
3 months 180 8 1
6 months 90 7 0
12 months 129 35 6
24 months 95 37 2
Controls 126 0 0
Br. J. Cancer 1974;29:252
• Duration of exposure and cancer
34. Cumulative
exposure (fiber
years)
125 Cases 125 Controls Odds ratio 95%-CI
Not exposed 11 67 1
>0-0.15 14 12
7.9 2.1-30
>0.15-1.5 38 25 21.9 5.7-83.8
>1.5-15 46 16 47.1 11.5-193
>15 16 5 45.4 8.1-257
Rödelsperger et al. Am J Ind Med. 2001 Mar;39(3):262-75.
35. Fourteen case–control studies on lung cancer from Europe and Canada were
pooled in the SYNERGY project
Olson et al. Epidemiology 2017;28: 288–299
An excess risk of lung cancer and its
subtypes at relatively low levels of
cumulative exposure (>0.5 ff/ml-
years), which persisted at least up to
40 years after last exposure.
37. Lung cancer and asbestos exposure:
asbestosis is not required
Risk
ratio
Non-
smoker
controls
Smoker
controls
Non-smoker insulator
workers
Asbestos
exposure Asbestosis
Smoker insulator
workers
Asbestos
exposure Asbestosis
1.0 10.3 3.6 7.4 14.4 36.8
Both asbestos exposure and asbestosis have higher risks of lung
cancer Markowitz et al.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;188(1):90–96
38. Boutin et al. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1996; 153:444–449.
39. Non-occupational asbestos exposure
1. Para-occupational exposure or take-home exposures
2. Environmental exposure from industrial operations
3. Exposure to commercial asbestos-containing products
4. Naturally occurring asbestos
Noonan CW. Ann Transl Med 2017;5(11):234
40. Para-occupational exposure
The term para-occupational exposure refers to an asbestos-
exposed worker serving as a vector for the transport of fibers to
the household setting. Other terms used include household
contact, take-home exposure or domestic exposure.
The most common activity attributed to para-occupational
exposure is laundering of the contaminated clothes from
workers.
Noonan CW. Ann Transl Med 2017;5(11):234
41. Para-occupational exposure occurs when asbestos-exposed workers
function as vectors for transporting fibers.
Household contacts can be exposed in worker vehicles (A1)
Contact with worker clothes or other dust deposits in the home (A2).
42. Summary OR (and 95% CI) of 5.0 (2.5–10) for para-occupational exposure and
mesothelioma. Summary risk estimates were similar when stratifying by study type
(i.e., case-control or cohort).
Goswami et al. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 5629-5670
43. Ngai et al. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2010;502:1–7
1. Oxidative stress theory: free
radical generation
2. Chromosome tangling theory:
3. Adsorption theory: Fibers cause
activation and delivery of
chemical carcinogens
benzo-ɑ-pyrene of cigarette
smoke
4. Chronic inflammation theory:
persistent macrophage
activation
44. Ault et al. Cancer Res. 1995 Feb 15;55(4):792-8.
45. Mechanism for asbestos-induced oncogenesis
Carbone et al.Semin. Oncol. 2002;29:2–17.
Asbestos fibers is very cytotoxic to human
mesothelial cells
46. Yang H et al.Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences USA, 2006;103(27):10397–10402